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Elevation, Slope Aspect and Integrated Nutrient Management Effects on Crop Productivity and Soil Quality in North-west Himalayas, India

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Journal of Mountain Science 2014年第5期11卷 1208-1217页

作者： Birendra Nath GHOSH Narinder Kumar SHARMA Nurnabi Meherul ALAM Raman Jeet SINGH gopal prasad juyal Central Soil and Water Conservation Research and Training Institute 218 Kaulagarh Road Dehradun-248 195 Uttarakhand India

On farm bio-resource recycling has been given greater emphasis with the introduction of conservation agriculture specifically withclimate change scenarios in the mid-hills of the north-west Himalaya region（NWHR）. Under this changing scenario, elevation, slope aspect and integrated nutrient management（INM） may affect significantly soil quality and crop productivity. A study was conducted during 2009-2010 to 2010-2011 at the Ashti watershed of NWHR in a rainfed condition to examine the influence of elevation, slope aspect and integrated nutrient management（INM） on soil resource and crop productivity. Two years of farm demonstration trials indicated that crop productivity and soil quality is significantly affected by elevation, slope aspect and INM. Results showed that wheat equivalent yield（WEY） of improved technology increased crop productivity by -20%-37% compared to the conventional system. Intercropping of maize with cowpea and soybean enhanced yield by another 8%-17%. North aspect and higher elevation increased crop productivity by 15%-25% compared to south aspect and low elevation（except paddy）. Intercropping of maize with cowpea and soybean enhanced yield by another 8%-15%. Irrespective of slope, elevation and cropping system, the WEY increased by -30% in this region due to INMtechnology. The influence of elevation, slope aspect and INM significantly affected soil resources（SQI） and soil carbon change（SCC）. SCC is significantly correlated with SQI for conventional（R2 = 0.65＊）, INM technology（R2 = 0.81＊） and for both technologies（R2 = 0.73＊）. It is recommended that at higher elevation.（except for paddy soils） with a north facing slope, INM is recommended for higher crop productivity; conservation of soil resources is recommended for the mid hills of NWHR; and single values of SCC are appropriate as a SQI for this region.

关键词： Elevation Crop productivity Integrated nutrient management(INM) Slope aspect and soil quality

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Four-dimensional imaging of lattice dynamics using ab-initio simulation

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npj Computational Materials 2021年第1期7卷 53-59页

作者： Navdeep Rana Aditya prasad Roy Dipanshu Bansal gopal Dixit Department of Physics Indian Institute of Technology BombayPowaiMumbai 400076India Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology BombayPowaiMumbai 400076India

Time-resolved mapping of lattice dynamics in real-and momentum-space is essential to better understand several ubiquitous phenomena such as heat transport,displacive phase transition,thermal conductivity,and many *** this regard,time-resolved diffraction and microscopy methods are employed to image the induced lattice dynamics within a pump–probe *** this work,we demonstrate that inelastic scattering methods,with the aid of theoretical simulation,are competent to provide similar information as one could obtain from the time-resolved diffraction and imaging *** illustrate the robustness of the proposed method,our simulated result of lattice dynamics in germanium is in excellent agreement with the time-resolved x-ray diffuse scattering measurement performed using x-ray free-electron *** a given inelastic scattering data in energy and momentum space,the proposed method is useful to image in-situ lattice dynamics under different environmental conditions of temperature,pressure,and magnetic ***,the technique will profoundly impact where time-resolved diffraction within the pump–probe setup is not feasible,for instance,in inelastic neutron scattering.

关键词： field lattice dynamics

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Manifestation of earthquake preparation zone in the ionosphere before 2021 Sonitpur,Assam earthquake revealed by GPS-TEC data

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2022年第3期13卷 230-237页

作者： gopal Sharma North Eastern Space Applications Centre Umiam793103MeghalayaIndia

Global Positioning System(GPS)Continuously Operating Reference Station(CORS)data analysis shows that the ionosphere’s electron density variability is linked to the deformation and stress accumulation in the Earth’s *** in ionosphere total electron content(TEC)variability before 2021 M6.4 Sonitpur,Assam earthquake were detected using L1 and L2 GPS frequencies that showed three distinct abnormalities on April 3,9,10,***’s correlation coefficient(r)of TEC decreases in the CORS that lies away from the earthquake epicenter,indicating the possibilities of a positive relationship between TEC variability and earthquake *** concentration also decreases towards the epicenter within the earthquake preparation zone(EPZ).It is also observed that the Pearson’s correlation coefficient(r)of TEC decreases linearly near the *** study demonstrates the possibilities of determining the TEC anomalous zone in the ionosphere that coincides with the EPZ in the crustal *** research indicated the possibilities of magnitude estimation of an impending earthquake based on the TEC anomalous zone in the ionosphere using closely spaced dense CORS network data.

关键词： GPS TEC Sonitpur earthquake Ionosphere perturbation TEC anomaly Magnitude estimation

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Approaches for enhancing the photocatalytic activities of barium titanate:A review

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第10期31卷 160-188,I0004页

作者： gopal Panthi Mira Park Carbon Composite Energy Nanomaterials Research Center Woosuk UniversityWanjuChonbuk 55338Republic of Korea Woosuk Institute of Smart Convergence Life Care(WSCLC)Woosuk UniversityWanjuChonbuk 55338Republic of Korea

Barium titanate(Ba TiO_(3)),a dielectric/ferroelectric semiconductor with perovskite structures is the most widely used photocatalyst in the field of environmental applications due to its low-cost,chemical stability,and *** types and forms of Ba TiO_(3)have shown their great potential toward the significant photocatalytic reactions owing to the several beneficial properties,including appropriate band positions,high oxygen vacancies,multiple crystal structures,the feasibility of size and morphology tailoring,spontaneous polarization,rapid migration of photogenerated charge carriers,and band ***,the large band gap and recombination of photogenerated charge carriers limit the overall photocatalytic efficiency of Ba TiO_(3).These difficulties can be further overcome by modifying the electronic band structure of Ba TiO_(3)to broaden its absorption to the visible region of the ***,this review encompasses various strategies,including modification of sizes and morphologies of particles by varying the reaction time and synthesis temperature,doping with non-metals/metals,loading with noble metals,and forming heterojunctions for enhancing the photocatalytic activities of Ba TiO_(3)-based photocatalysts possessing the effective capability of charge carrier separation,trapping and their transfer to the surface of ***,this review highlights the photocatalytic applications of Ba TiO_(3)-based photocatalysts along with the proposed mechanism in dyes/drugs degradation,H_(2)production,and bacteria killing.

关键词： Electrospinning BaTiO_(3)-photocatalyst Ferroelectricity Heterojunction Environmental remediation

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Hydrothermal synthesis of Zn-Mg-based layered double hydroxide coatings for the corrosion protection of copper in chloride and hydroxide media

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2021年第12期28卷 1991-2000页

作者： Nikhil gopal Ji Rajiv Prakash School of Materials Science and Technology Indian Institute of Technology(BHU)VaranasiVaranasi-221005Uttar PradeshIndia Centre for advanced studies Dr.APJAKTU LucknowU.P.-226031India

Layered double hydroxides(LDHs)hinder corrosive elements by forming a double layer and locking them between its ***,LDHs are interesting materials in corrosion *** this work,Zn-Mg-based LDHs are grown over a copper substrate by using a hydrothermal *** types of Zn-Mg-based LDH coating are prepared based on hydrothermal reaction *** types are characterized through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,Raman spectroscopy,high-resolution scanning electron microscopy,energy dispersive X-ray analysis,atomic force microscopy,and X-ray *** show that the two types of LDH coating are successfully grown on copper;however,they differ in thickness and structural *** testing of the LDH coatings is executed in 0.1 M Na Cl and 0.1 M Na OH through alternating current impedance measurements and Tafel polarization *** show that L48 gives more than 90%protection to copper,which is higher than the protection provided by ***,both LDH coatings(L24 and L48)are more effective corrosion inhibitors in Na Cl than in Na OH,suggesting that the LDH coatings can more efficiently exchange Cl ions than OH ions.

关键词： corrosion coating copper

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Mysteries of R^ik=0： A novel paradigm in Einstein＇s theory of gravitation

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Frontiers of physics 2014年第1期9卷 98-112页

作者： Ram gopal Vishwakarma Unidad Academica de Matemdticas Universidad Autdnoma de Zacatecas C.P. 98068 Zacatecas ZAC Mexico

Despite a century-long effort, a proper energy-stress tensor of the gravitational field, could not have been discovered. Furthermore, it has been discovered recently that the standard formulation of the energy-stress tensor of matter, suffers from various inconsistencies and paradoxes, concluding that the tensor is not consistent with the geometric formulation of gravitation [Astrophys. Space Sci., 2009, 321： 151; Astrophys. Space Sei., 2012, 340： 373]. This perhaps hints that a consistent theory of gravitation should not have any bearing on the energy-stress tensor. It is shown here that the so-called ＂vacuum＂ field equations Rik = 0 do not represent an empty spacetime, and the energy, momenta and angular momenta of the gravitational and the matter fields are revealed through the geometry, without including any formulation thereof in the field equations. Though, this novel discovery appears baffling and orthogonal to the usual understanding, is consistent with the observations at all scales, without requiring the Moreover, the resulting theory circumvents the besides explaining some unexplained puzzles. hypothetical dark matter, dark energy or inflation long-standing problems of the standard cosmology

关键词： general relativity and gravitation - fundamental problems and general formalism cos-mological observations

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Mysteries of the geometrization of gravitation

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2013年第12期13卷 1409-1422页

作者： Ram gopal Vishwakarma Unidad Acad'emica de Matem'aticas Universidad Aut'onoma de Zacatecas

As we now know, there are at least two major difficulties with general rel- ativity （GR）. The first one is related to its incompatibility with quantum mechanics, in the absence of a consistent, widely accepted theory that combines the two theo- ries. The second problem is related to the requirement of the dark sectors-inflaton, dark matter and dark energy by the energy-stress tensor, which are needed to explain a variety of astronomical and cosmological observations. Research has indicated that the dark sectors themselves do not have any non-gravitational or laboratory evidence. Moreover, the dark energy poses, in addition, a serious confrontation between funda- mental physics and cosmology. Guided by theoretical and observational evidences, we are led to an idea that the source of gravitation and its manifestation in GR should be modified. The result is in striking agreement with not only the theory, but also the ob- servations, without requiring the dark sectors of the standard approach. Additionally, it provides natural explanations to some unexplained puzzles.

关键词： general relativity and gravitation -- fundamental problems and generalformalism -- cosmology: observations

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Nonlinear mixing-based terahertz emission in inclined rippled density plasmas

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Chinese Physics B 2023年第6期32卷 384-390页

作者： K gopal A P Singh S Divya Rajdhani College Department of Physics&ElectronicsUniversity of DelhiNew DelhiIndia Computational Plasma Dynamics Laboratory Rajdhani CollegeDepartment of Physics&ElectronicsUniversity of DelhiNew DelhiIndia

We propose to investigate the THz field generation using nonlinear mixing mechanism of laser beat wave with inclined rippled density *** laser pulses with frequencies(ω_(1),ω_(2)) and wave vectors(k_(1),k_(2)) co-propagate and resultant laser beat wave forms at beat frequency(ω_(1)-ω_(2)).Laser beat wave imparts a nonlinear force on the ambient electrons and pushes them outward with nonlinear velocity v_(NL).Coupling of induced density perturbation and nonlinear velocity v_(NL)generates nonlinear currents at laser beat frequency that further generates electromagnetic field E_((ω_(1)-ω_(2))) in terahertz(THz)*** the present scheme,density ripples are introduced at an angle with respect to laser propagation and flat Gaussian index(f) is introduced in laser field profile that transform curved top of Gaussian field envelope into flat top field *** combined effect of flat laser pulses with inclined density ripples in plasmas shows 10-fold enhancement in THz field amplitude when flat-Gaussian index(f) varies from 1 to ***,the THz field intensifies when density ripples inclination increases upto a certain angle and then decreases.

关键词： terahertz inclined ripple flat laser laser plasma interaction

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Experimental investigation on concrete overlaid with textile reinforced mortar:Influences of mix,temperature,and chemical exposure

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2023年第2期17卷 271-283页

作者： Smitha GOPINATH Ramesh gopal Hemalatha THIYAGARAJAN CSIR-Structural Engineering Research Centre Chennai 600113India

Textile reinforced mortar is widely used as an overlay for the repair,rehabilitation,and retrofitting of concrete ***,textile reinforced concrete has been identified as a suitable lining material for improving the durability of existing concrete *** this study,we developed a textile-reinforced mortar mix using river sand and evaluated the different characteristics of the textile-reinforced mortar under various exposure *** were carried out in two *** the first phase,the pullout strength,temperature resistance,water absorption,and compressive and bending strength values of three different textile-reinforced mortar mixes with a single type of textile reinforcement were *** the second phase,the chemical resistance of the mix that showed the best performance in the abovementioned tests was examined for use as an overlay for a concrete *** were performed on three different thicknesses of the textile reinforced mortar overlaid on concrete specimens that were subjected to acidic and alkaline *** flexural responses and degradations of the textile reinforced mortar overlaid specimens were examined by performing bending *** experimental findings indicated the feasibility of using textile reinforced mortar as an overlay for durable concrete construction practices.

关键词： textile reinforced mortar bending tests acid and alkaline environment concrete overlay

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Operator Equations Inducing Some Generalizations of Slant Hankel Operators

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2024年第8期40卷 2017-2036页

作者： gopal DATT Bhawna Bansal GUPTA Department of Mathematics PGDAV CollegeUniversity of DelhiNew Delhi-110065India Department of Mathematics Miranda HouseUniversity of DelhiDelhi-110007India

An extension of slant Hankel operator,namely,the kth-orderλ-slant Hankel operator on the Lebesgue space L^(2)(T^(n)),where T is the unit circle and n≥1,a natural number,is described in terms of the solution of a system of operator equations,which is subsequently expressed in terms of the product of a slant Hankel operator and a unitary *** study is further lifted in Calkin algebra in terms of essentially kth-orderλ-slant Hankel operators on L^(2)(T^(n)).

关键词： Hankel operator Lebesgue space of n-dimensional torus kth-order slant Hankel operator essentially kth-orderλ-slant Hankel operator

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