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Institutional performance and participatory paradigms: Comparing two groups of watersheds in semi-arid region of India

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2020年第2期8卷 164-172页

作者： Biswajit Mondal Nagarajan loganandhan Sekhargowda l.Patil Anurag Raizada Suresh Kumar gopal l.bagdi ICAR-National Rice Research Institute(NRRI) CuttackIndia Krishi Vigyan Kendra HirehalliICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural ResearchBangaloreIndia ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil&Water Conservation BellaryIndia National Research Centre on Integrated Farming Pipra KothiEast ChamparanIndia ICAR-Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute AvikanagarIndia

Watershed development programmes carried out in different agroclimatic conditions in India resulted in beneficial impact in terms of productivity enhancement and natural resources conservation, but less attention paid to institutional and participatory aspects. This paper explored the performance of various institutions regarding execution of watershed development programmes in semi-arid region of India. Recorded observations from documents maintained at watershed level and information collected through primary survey as well as focus group discussion with different types of stakeholders were used for analysis. The results indicated lacunae in participatory aspects during programme implementation process like monitoring activities, management of common property resources and equity. Gap in linkages and differential level of performance of various watershed level functionaries indicates the necessity for corrections in the structures and linkages pattern for sustainability of the infrastructure and institutions. The study also showed unequal priorities by the implementing agencies towards in-stitutions, land and water resources development, production enhancement activities and fodder re-sources development as well as rationalities of technical, economic, financial, political and social aspects among the watersheds.

关键词： Participation paradigm index Participatory watershed development index Rationality analysis Semi-arid region Stakeholder analysis Watershed development programme

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Manifestation of earthquake preparation zone in the ionosphere before 2021 Sonitpur,Assam earthquake revealed by GPS-TEC data

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2022年第3期13卷 230-237页

作者： gopal Sharma North Eastern Space Applications Centre Umiam793103MeghalayaIndia

Global Positioning System(GPS)Continuously Operating Reference Station(CORS)data analysis shows that the ionosphere’s electron density variability is linked to the deformation and stress accumulation in the Earth’s *** in ionosphere total electron content(TEC)variability before 2021 M6.4 Sonitpur,Assam earthquake were detected using l1 and l2 GPS frequencies that showed three distinct abnormalities on April 3,9,10,***’s correlation coefficient(r)of TEC decreases in the CORS that lies away from the earthquake epicenter,indicating the possibilities of a positive relationship between TEC variability and earthquake *** concentration also decreases towards the epicenter within the earthquake preparation zone(EPZ).It is also observed that the Pearson’s correlation coefficient(r)of TEC decreases linearly near the *** study demonstrates the possibilities of determining the TEC anomalous zone in the ionosphere that coincides with the EPZ in the crustal *** research indicated the possibilities of magnitude estimation of an impending earthquake based on the TEC anomalous zone in the ionosphere using closely spaced dense CORS network data.

关键词： GPS TEC Sonitpur earthquake Ionosphere perturbation TEC anomaly Magnitude estimation

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Hydrothermal synthesis of Zn-Mg-based layered double hydroxide coatings for the corrosion protection of copper in chloride and hydroxide media

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2021年第12期28卷 1991-2000页

作者： Nikhil gopal Ji Rajiv Prakash School of Materials Science and Technology Indian Institute of Technology(BHU)VaranasiVaranasi-221005Uttar PradeshIndia Centre for advanced studies Dr.APJAKTU LucknowU.P.-226031India

layered double hydroxides(lDHs)hinder corrosive elements by forming a double layer and locking them between its ***,lDHs are interesting materials in corrosion *** this work,Zn-Mg-based lDHs are grown over a copper substrate by using a hydrothermal *** types of Zn-Mg-based lDH coating are prepared based on hydrothermal reaction *** types are characterized through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,Raman spectroscopy,high-resolution scanning electron microscopy,energy dispersive X-ray analysis,atomic force microscopy,and X-ray *** show that the two types of lDH coating are successfully grown on copper;however,they differ in thickness and structural *** testing of the lDH coatings is executed in 0.1 M Na Cl and 0.1 M Na OH through alternating current impedance measurements and Tafel polarization *** show that l48 gives more than 90%protection to copper,which is higher than the protection provided by ***,both lDH coatings(l24 and l48)are more effective corrosion inhibitors in Na Cl than in Na OH,suggesting that the lDH coatings can more efficiently exchange Cl ions than OH ions.

关键词： corrosion coating copper

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On the origin of X-shaped radio galaxies

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2012年第2期12卷 127-146页

作者： gopal-Krishna Peter l.Biermann lszló .Gergely Paul J.Wiita National Centre for Radio Astrophysics TIFRPune University Campus Max Planck Institute for Radioastronomy Department of Physics & Astronomy University of Bonn Department of Physics & Astronomy University of Alabama Department of Physics University of Alabama at Huntsville KIT-Karlsruhe Institute for Technology Institute for Experimental Nuclear Physics Department of Theoretical Physics University of Szeged Department of Experimental Physics University of Szeged Department of Physics The College of New Jersey

After a brief, critical review of the leading explanations proposed for the small but important subset of radio galaxies showing an X-shaped morphology （XRGs） we propose a generalized model, based on the jet-shell interaction and spin- flip hypotheses. The most popular scenarios for this intriguing phenomenon invoke either hydrodynamical backflows and over-pressured cocoons or rapid jet reorienta- tions, presumably from the spin-flips of central engines following the mergers of pairs of galaxies, each of which contains a supermassive black hole. We confront these models with a number of key observations, and thus argue that none of the models is capable of explaining the entire range of the salient observational properties of XRGs, although some of the arguments raised in the literature against the spin-flip scenario are probably not tenable. We then propose a new scenario which also involves galac- tic mergers but would allow the spin of the central engine to maintain its direction. Motivated by detailed multi-band observations of the nearest radio galaxy, Centaurus A, this new model emphasizes the role of the interactions between the jets and the shells of stars and gas that form and rotate around the merged galaxy and can cause temporary deflections of the jets, occasionally giving rise to an X-shaped radio struc- ture. Although each model is likely to be relevant to a subset of XRGs, the bulk of the evidence indicates that most of them are best explained by the jet-shell interaction or spin-flip hypotheses.

关键词： galaxies: active - galaxies: jets - gravitational waves - ISM - radiocontinuum: galaxies

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Compton scattering studies and electronic properties of cerium

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Journal of Rare Earths 2011年第8期29卷 804-809页

作者： gopal Choudhary Veera Raykar Alpa Dashora Jagrati Sahariya B. l. Ahuja Department of Physics University College of Science M. L. Sukhadia University

Experimental electron momentum density of γ-Ce was measured at an intermediate resolution （0.38 a.u.） using 20 Ci 137Cs Compton spectrometer. The experiment was compared with the first ever theoretical Compton profiles computed using spin polarized relativistic Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker （SPR-KKR） method within atomic sphere approximation; and linear combination of atomic orbitals （lCAO） within generalised gradient approximation （GGA） and recently developed second order generalised gradient approximation （SOGGA）. It was seen that the Compton profile derived from lCAO with GGA and SOGGA schemes gave a reasonable agreement with the experimental Compton line shape. Theoretical anisotropies in Compton profiles derived along [100], [110] and [111] directions were explained in terms of degenerate states in the energy bands.

关键词： X-ray scattering rare earth metals and alloys density functional theory

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Operator Equations Inducing Some Generalizations of Slant Hankel Operators

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2024年第8期40卷 2017-2036页

作者： gopal DATT Bhawna Bansal GUPTA Department of Mathematics PGDAV CollegeUniversity of DelhiNew Delhi-110065India Department of Mathematics Miranda HouseUniversity of DelhiDelhi-110007India

An extension of slant Hankel operator,namely,the kth-orderλ-slant Hankel operator on the lebesgue space l^(2)(T^(n)),where T is the unit circle and n≥1,a natural number,is described in terms of the solution of a system of operator equations,which is subsequently expressed in terms of the product of a slant Hankel operator and a unitary *** study is further lifted in Calkin algebra in terms of essentially kth-orderλ-slant Hankel operators on l^(2)(T^(n)).

关键词： Hankel operator lebesgue space of n-dimensional torus kth-order slant Hankel operator essentially kth-orderλ-slant Hankel operator

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Protective effect of Ocimum sanctum linn. leaf extract on ethanol withdrawal syndrome in Wistar rats

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2018年第8期11卷 467-472页

作者： lalit Sharma Aditi Sharma G.l.Gupta gopal Singh Bisht Department of Pharmacy Jaypee University of Information Technology School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sholini University Department of Pharmacology SPPSPTM SVKM'S NMIMS University Department of BT and BI Jaypee University of Information Technology

Objective: To evaluate the effects of Oscimum sanctum l(O. sanctum), an important medicinal herb, on alcohol withdrawal syndrome in Wistar rats. Methods: liquid diet with 7.2%, v/v ethanol was administered to the rats for 21 d. Control group animals received sucrose as an isocaloric liquid diet. After alcohol withdrawal, rats were examined at 6 th and 24 th hour for major withdrawal signs that included anxiety and hyper locomotor activity. Ethanol withdrawal anxiety was tested using elevated plus maze, light and dark model; the hyper locomotor activity using actophotometer. O. sanctum leaf extract(100, 200 and 300 mg/kg, oral) and diazepam(2 mg/kg, i.p) were administered to the treatment group animals 30 min before alcohol withdrawal estimation. Drug treatment was also given 30 min before the second observation at 24 th hour. On the last day of the protocol, rats were sacrificed by cervical dislocation liver, kidney and brain were isolated and preserved in formalin for further histopathological examination. Results: Findings from the present study revealed that O. Sanctum leaf extract treatment at doses 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg, oral had a significant protective effect on signs and symptoms of ethanol withdrawal in alcohol-dependent rats. However, no remarkable pathological and microscopic alterations were observed in histopathological examination. Conclusions: O. sanctum seems to be an active drug for the treatment of alcohol abstinence syndrome.

关键词： Oscimum sanctum Ethanol withdrawal syndrome Anxiety Hyperlocomotor activity Histopathology

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Metallic wastewater treatment by sulfate reduction using anaerobic rotating biological contactor reactor under high metal loading conditions

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2018年第4期12卷 119-129页

作者： Mothe Gopi Kiran Kannan Pakshirajan gopal Das Centre for the Environment Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati Guwahati 781039 Assam India Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati Guwahati 781039 Assam India Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati Guwahati 781039 Assam India

This study was aimed at investigating the performance of anaerobic rotating biological cont- reactor treating synthetic wastewater containing a mixture of heavy metals under sulfate redu condition. Statistically valid factorial design of experiments was carried out to understand dynamics of metal removal using this bioreactor system. Copper removal was maximum （〉98% followed by other heavy metals at their respective low inlet concentrations. Metal loading rates than 3.7 mg/l· h in case of Cu（II）; less than 1.69 mg/l· h for Ni（II）, Pb（II）, Zn（II）, Fe（III） and C are favorable to the performance of the An-RBC reactor. Removal efficiency of the heavy metals 1 mixture depended on the metal species and their inlet loading concentrations. Analysis of n precipitates formed in the sulfidogenic bioreactor by field emission scanning electron microscopyalong with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy （FESEM-EDX） confirmed metal sulfide precipitationby SRB. All these results clearly revealed that the attached growth biofilm bioreactor is well suited for heavy metal removal from complex mixture.

关键词： Factorial design analysis Sulfate reducing bacteria Multi-metal solution Heavy metal removal Anaerobic rotating biological contactorreactor High metal loading

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Distribution,Use Pattern and Prospects for Conservation of Medicinal Shrubs in Uttaranchal State,India

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Journal of Mountain Science 2007年第2期4卷 155-180页

作者： Bhupendra S. Adhikari Mani M. Babu Prem l. Saklani gopal S. Rawat Herbarium Section Department of Habitat Ecology Wildlife Institute of India P.O. Box # 18 Chandrabani Dehra Dun 248 001 Uttaranchal

The present paper gives an insight into the distribution and use pattern of medicinal shrubs in Uttaranchal State. A total of 222 medicinal and aromatic shrub species have been appended based on secondary information. Euphorbiaceae, Rosaceae, Verbenaceae, and Fabaceae have the highest repre- sentatives of medicinal shrubs. Twenty one families had one species each in medicinal use. Verbenaceae and Euphorbiaceae in the sub-tropical region, Rosaceae in the temperate region, and Ericaceae and Rosaceae in the sub-alpine and alpine regions, respectively, had the highest representatives of medicinal shrubs. The distribution of medicinal shrubs was 42 % in sub-tropical, 29 % in warm temperate, 13 % in cool temperate, 9 % in sub-alpine and 7 % in the alpine region. Of the total species, 70 medicinal shrubs were native to the Himalayas and 22 native to Himalayan region including other Hima- layan countries. The most frequently used plant parts for various ailments were leaves (31 %) and roots (23 %). Most shrubs are being used for the diseases, viz. skin diseases, dysentery, cough, fever, wounds, and rheumatism. The present paper will help in the execution of strategies for promotion and cultivation of medicinal shrubs in Uttaranchal State.

关键词： Medicinal shrub distribution use pattern eco-region Uttaranchal Himalayan region India

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Quantification of organic carbon and primary nutrients in litter and soil in a foothill forest plantation of eastern Himalaya

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Journal of Forestry Research 2017年第6期28卷 1190-1197页

作者： gopal Shukla Nazir A. Pala Sumit Chakravarty Department of Forestry Uttar Banga Krishi ViswavidyalayaPundibari Cooch Behar West Bengal 736165 India

The present study was an effort to understand the amount of litter fall and its subsequent decomposition and quantify the release of available nutrients and soil physicochemical characteristics in plantations of four forest tree species(lagerstroemia parviflora, Tectona grandis, Shorea robusta and Michelia champaca) in the Chilapatta Reserve Forest of the Cooch Behar Wildlife Division in the Terai zone of West Bengal, India. The most litter(5.61 Mg ha)was produced by T. grandis plantation and the least(4.72 Mg ha) by l. parviflora. The material turnover rate to the soil through decomposition from total litter was fastest during the first quarter of the year and subsequently decreased during the next two quarters. The material turnover rate was only 1 year, which indicates that more than90% of the total litter produced decomposed within a *** available primary nutrient content in litter varied across the four plantations over the year. The plantations generally did not significantly influence the soil physical characteristics but did significantly influence the availability of primary nutrients and organic carbon at two depths(1–15 and16–30 cm) over the year. The availability of soil primary nutrients in the four plantations also increased gradually from the first quarter of the year to the third quarter and then decreased during the last quarter to the same level as in the first quarter of the year at both depths. The availability for soil organic carbon in the plantations followed a similar trend. The amount of litter produced and the material turnover in the soil in the different plantations differed, influencing the nutrient availability and organic carbon at the plantations. The amount of soil organic carbon was highest for T. grandis(2.52 Mg ha) and lowest for l. parviflora(2.12 Mg ha). litter is the source of soil organic matter,and more the litter that is produced by the plantations, the higher will be the content and amount of soil organic carbon in the

关键词： litter production Decomposition Organic carbon Material turnover Eastern Himalayas

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