Bis-alkylsulfonic acid and polyethylene glycol(PEG)-substituted BF2 azadipyrromethenes have been synthesized by an adaptable and versatile *** four synthetic stages were required to produce the penultimate fluorophore...
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Bis-alkylsulfonic acid and polyethylene glycol(PEG)-substituted BF2 azadipyrromethenes have been synthesized by an adaptable and versatile *** four synthetic stages were required to produce the penultimate fluorophore compounds,containing either two alcohol or two terminal alkyne *** final synthetic step introduced either sulfonic acid or polyethylene glycol groups to impart aqueous *** acid groups were introduced by reaction of the bis-alcohol-substituted fluorophore with sulfur trioxide,and a double Cu(I)-catalyzed cycloaddition reaction between the bis-alkyne fluorophore and methoxypolyethylene glycol azide yielded a neutral bis-pegylated *** fluorophores exhibited excellent near-infrared(NIR)photophysical properties in methanol and aqueous *** cell microscopy imaging revealed efficient uptake and intracellular labelling of cells for both *** simple synthesis,with potential for last-step structural modifications,makes the present NIR-active azadipyrromethene derivatives potentially useful as NIR fluorescence imaging probes for live cells.
Non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) is a heterogeneous disease accounting for approximately 85% of all lung cancers. Only 17% of patients are diagnosed at an early stage. Treatment is multidisciplinary and radiotherapy ...
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Non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) is a heterogeneous disease accounting for approximately 85% of all lung cancers. Only 17% of patients are diagnosed at an early stage. Treatment is multidisciplinary and radiotherapy plays a key role in all stages of the disease. More than 50% of patients with NSCLC are treated with radiotherapy(curative-intent or palliative). Technological advancesincluding highly conformal radiotherapy techniques, new immobilization and respiratory control systems, and precision image verification systems-allow clinicians to individualize treatment to maximize tumor control while minimizing treatment-related toxicity. Novel therapeutic regimens such as moderate hypofractionation and advanced techniques such as stereotactic body radiotherapy(SBRT) have reduced the number of radiotherapy sessions. The integration of SBRT into routine clinical practice has radically altered treatment of early-stage disease. SBRT also plays an increasingly important role in oligometastatic disease. The aim of the present guidelines is to review the role of radiotherapy in the treatment of localized, locally-advanced, and metastatic NSCLC. We review the main radiotherapy techniques and clarify the role of radiotherapy in routine clinical practice. These guidelines are based on the best available evidence. The level and grade of evidence supporting each recommendation is provided.
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