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The Periaqueductal Gray and Its Extended Participation in Drug Addiction Phenomena

Neuroscience Bulletin 2021年第10期37卷 1493-1509页

作者： Priscila Vazquez-Leon Abraham Miranda-Paez Jesus Chavez-Reyes gonzalo allende Paulino Barragan-Iglesias Bruno A.Marichal-Cancino Departamento de Fisiologia y Farmacologia Centro de Ciencias BasicasUniversidad Autonoma de AguascalientesCiudad Universitaria20131 AguascalientesAgs.Mexico Departamento de Fisiologia Escuela Nacional de Ciencias BiologicasInstituto Politecnico NacionalWilfrido Massieu esq.Manuel Stampa s/n Col.Nueva Industrial Vallejo07738 Gustavo A.MaderoMexico CityMexico

The periaqueductal gray(PAG)is a complex mesencephalic structure involved in the integration and execution of active and passive self-protective behaviors against imminent threats,such as immobility or flight from a predator.PAG activity is also associated with the integration of responses against physical discomfort(e.g.,anxiety,fear,pain,and disgust)which occurs prior an imminent attack,but also during withdrawal from drugs such as morphine and cocaine.The PAG sends and receives projections to and from other well-documented nuclei linked to the phenomenon of drug addiction including:(i)the ventral tegmental area;(ii)extended amygdala;(iii)medial prefrontal cortex;(iv)pontine nucleus;(v)bed nucleus of the stria terminalis;and(vi)hypothalamus.Preclinical models have suggested that the PAG contributes to the modulation of anxiety,fear,and nociception(all of which may produce physical discomfort)linked with chronic exposure to drugs of abuse.Withdrawal produced by the major pharmacological classes of drugs of abuse is mediated through actions that include participation of the PAG.In support of this,there is evidence of functional,pharmacological,molecular.And/or genetic alterations in the PAG during the impulsive/compulsive intake or withdrawal from a drug.Due to its small size,it is difficult to assess the anatomical participation of the PAG when using classical neuroimaging techniques,so its phys-iopathology in drug addiction has been underestimated and poorly documented.In this theoretical review,we discuss the involvement of the PAG in drug addiction mainly via its role as an integrator of responses to the physical discomfort associated with drug withdrawal.

关键词： Periaqueductal gray Reward circuit Antireward circuit Alcohol Caffeine Cannabis Opioids Stimulants

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炎症性肠病患者结直肠瘤变的危险因素:一项多中心研究

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Gastroenterology Report 2019年第1期7卷 67-73,I0002页

作者： Xian-Rui Wu Xiao-Bin Zheng Yan Huang Qian Cao Hong-Jie Zhang Ying-Lei Miao Kai-Fang Zou Min Chen Fa-Ming Zhang Qiao Mei David gonzalo Daniela allende Pin-Jin Hu Bo Shen Xiu-Li Liu Ping Lan Department of Colorectal Surgery The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases The Sixth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina Department of Pathology The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina Department of Gastroenterology Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina Department of Gastroenterology Jiangsu Province HospitalNanjingChina Department of Gastroenterology The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical UniversityKunmingChina Department of Gastroenterology Wuhan Union HospitalWuhanChina Department of Gastroenterology Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina Medical Center for Digestive Diseases The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina Department of Gastroenterology The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA Department of Anatomic Pathology The Cleveland Clinic FoundationClevelandOHUSA Department of Gastroenterology The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina Department of Gastroenterology/Hepatology The Cleveland Clinic FoundationClevelandOHUSA

背景:本研究旨在评估中国炎症性肠病(IBD)患者肠炎相关瘤变(CAN)发生的危险因素。方法:从8家医学中心收集1999-2016年间发生CAN的IBD患者。除了最初的病理评估,CAN的诊断尚需两位病理专家确认。最终筛选出29例CAN患者,并基于性别和IBD... 详细信息

背景:本研究旨在评估中国炎症性肠病(IBD)患者肠炎相关瘤变(CAN)发生的危险因素。方法:从8家医学中心收集1999-2016年间发生CAN的IBD患者。除了最初的病理评估,CAN的诊断尚需两位病理专家确认。最终筛选出29例CAN患者,并基于性别和IBD类型按1:3进行匹配,获得87例非CAN对照病例。结果:29例CAN患者中,8例(27.6%)为结直肠癌,20例(69.0%)诊断为低级别上皮内瘤变,1例(3.4%)诊断为高级别上皮内瘤变。多因素分析显示,IBD诊断年龄和IBD病程是出现CAN的独立危险因素,其OR值分别为1.09(95%CI:1.04-1.14,P<0.001)和1.14(95%CI:1.03-1.27,P=0.013)。进一步对结直肠癌与上皮内瘤变患者进行比较,结果显示,前者IBD诊断年龄更大(P=0.012),IBD病程更长(P=0.019)。结论:IBD诊断年龄更大、IBD病程更长者,发生CAN的概率增加。

关键词： Colorectal neoplasia inflammatory bowel disease risk factor

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