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Breeding and Analysis of Two New Grapefruit-Like Varieties with Low Furanocoumarin Content

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2016年第2期7卷 90-101页

作者： Lena Fidel Mira Carmeli-Weissberg Yosef Yaniv Felix Shaya Nir Dai eran Raveh Yoram Eyal Ron Porat Nir Carmi Institute of Plant Sciences Bet Dagan Israel Institute of Postharvest and Food Sciences Agricultural Research Organization Volcani Center Bet Dagan Israel

Furanocoumarins (FCs) are a group of related plant defense metabolites occurring in several plant families, including some species in the genus citrus, such as grapefruit and pummelo. FCs function as toxins against pathogens, insects and other plant pests and some are toxic to humans at high levels. Although the levels of FCs in grapefruits are non-toxic to humans, they inhibit the intestinal enzyme CYP3A, thus preventing degradation of medicines, such as statins, and causing dangerous overdose effects. This overdosing can cause devastating side effects, ranging from stomach bleeding to kidney problems, muscle aches and irregular heartbeats. In the present study, we utilize LC/MS to characterize the levels of FCs pathway intermediates and end products in twelve citrus cultivars, including mandarin (Citrus reticulata), orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck], Pummelo [Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr.], grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf.), and two newly selected grapefruit like varieties [(Citrus reticulate) X [Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr]. The orange and mandarin varieties do not contain FCs or FCs precursor compounds suggesting that this biosynthetic pathway is absent or inactive in mandarins and oranges and therefore a good genetic source for null alleles to FCs biosynthesis. We report the selection and characterization of two new low FCs and seedless grapefruit-like varieties, “Aliza” and “Coocki”, developed by a cross between pummelo and mandarin. Fruits of these varieties resemble grapefruit and contain high levels of the flavanone naringin, typical of grapefruit, but contain only trace amounts of FCs (based on LCMS analysis). Based on the variability of FCs content and inheritance in citrus species, the results suggest that future development of new low-FCs grapefruit varieties is an achievable objective.

关键词： Citrus Grapefruit Furanocoumarins Breeding

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以色列地中海别墅

设计 2016年第9期29卷 14-15页

作者： Jacob eran Binderman Rama Dotan

这是一栋位于以色列地中海的别墅,客户们想要一栋充满自由感和空间感的别墅,别墅还要给人一种非常稳重和温暖的感觉。创造一栋＂地中海式别墅＂的想法来源于场址周围倾斜的地面。把控别墅的创作过程最主要的是定期的会议,在每一场会议中... 详细信息

这是一栋位于以色列地中海的别墅,客户们想要一栋充满自由感和空间感的别墅,别墅还要给人一种非常稳重和温暖的感觉。创造一栋＂地中海式别墅＂的想法来源于场址周围倾斜的地面。把控别墅的创作过程最主要的是定期的会议,在每一场会议中,建筑师都会提出一个＂实验套餐＂,目的是尝试修建别墅使用的材料、空间、形状和纹理。建筑师们就是使用这样的方法创造了别墅。别墅包括三个侧翼,且分别与花园紧密相连;

关键词：自由感创作过程自然光线金属门

钠、钾离子的主动转运(机制、功能及其调节)

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医学分子生物学杂志 1981年第2期 80-84页

作者： Sweadner KJ goldin SM 傅明德

维持细胞内高钾及低钠浓度需要消耗机体代谢产生的大量能量。细胞排出钠离子,需对抗细胞外钠比细胞内高的浓差梯度及细胞内比细胞外负70毫

关键词：主动转运活性位点钾离子哇巴因 ATP 功能

Effect of nutritional counselling on hepatic,muscle and adipose tissue fat content and distribution in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第36期12卷 5813-5819页

作者： E Louise Thomas Audrey E Brynes Gavin Hamilton Nayna Patel Adam Spong Robert D goldin Gary Frost Jimmy D Bell Simon D Taylor-Robinson The Robert Steiner MR Unit MRC Clinical Sciences Centre Department of Nutrition and Dietetics The Robert Steiner MR Unit MRC Clinical Sciences Centre Faculty of Medicine Imperial College London Hammersmith Hospital Du Cane Rd London W12 0HS United Kingdom and Histopathology Department Faculty of Medicine Imperial College London St Mary's Hospital Praed Street London W2 1NY United Kingdom Faculty of Medicine Faculty of Medicine Imperial College London St Mary's Hospital Praed Street London W2 1NY United Kingdom

AIM: To assess the effectiveness of the current UK clinical practice in reducing hepatic fat (IHCL). METHODS: Whole body MRI and 1H MRS were obtained, before and after 6 mo nutritional counselling, from liver, soleus and tibialis muscles in 10 subjects with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). RESULTS: A 500 Kcal-restricted diet resulted in an average weight loss of 4% (-3.4 kg,) accompanied by significant reductions in most adipose tissue (AT) depots, including subcutaneous (-9.9%), abdominal subcutaneous (-10.2%) and intra-abdominal-AT (-11.4%). Intramyocellular lipids (IMCL) were significantly reduced in the tibialis muscle (-28.2%). Decreases in both IHCL (-39.9%) and soleus IMCL (-12.2%) content were also observed, although these were not significant. Several individuals showed dramatic decreases in IHCL, while others paradoxically showed increases in IHCL content. Changes in body composition were accompanied by improvements in certain liver function tests: serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Significant correlations were found between decreases in IHCL and reductions in both intra-abdominal and abdominal subcutaneous AT. Improvements in liver function tests were associated with reductions in intra-abdominal AT, but not with changes in IHCL. CONCLUSION: This study shows that even a very modest reduction in body weight achieved through lifestyle modification can result in changes in body fat depots and improvements in LFTs.

关键词：营养咨询肝疾病肌肉疾病脂肪分布

Bigliani／Flatow人工肩治疗肱骨近端四部骨折手术技术

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中华创伤骨科杂志 2007年第2期9卷 165-169页

作者： Louis Bigliani eran Flatow 钱不凡(编译) The New Tork Orthopaerlic Hospital at the Coluntbia-Presbyterian Medical Center.Nes York. Mount Sinai Hopital New York 上海交通大学附属瑞金医院骨科教授

近代人工肩最初源自损伤修复的需要，由Neer于1953年设计，是关节单侧的肱骨假体。后来由于关节疾病治疗的需要，而出现全肩的假体，即具有肱骨干与肩胛盂二个部件。人工肩应用于损伤修复手术方法中某些步骤有别于应用关切疾病，特别是... 详细信息

近代人工肩最初源自损伤修复的需要，由Neer于1953年设计，是关节单侧的肱骨假体。后来由于关节疾病治疗的需要，而出现全肩的假体，即具有肱骨干与肩胛盂二个部件。人工肩应用于损伤修复手术方法中某些步骤有别于应用关切疾病，特别是大小结节的处理，本文主要阐明肱骨近端4部骨折时，进行半肩关节置换手术的方法。

关键词：疾病治疗肱骨近端人工肩手术技术骨折损伤修复肩关节手术方法

Crystallography of low Z material at ultrahigh pressure:Case study on solid hydrogen

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2020年第3期5卷 40-54页

作者： Cheng Ji Bing Li Wenjun Liu Jesse S.Smith Alexander Bjoorling Arnab Majumdar Wei Luo Rajeev Ahuja Jinfu Shu Junyue Wang Stanislav Sinogeikin Yue Meng Vitali B.Prakapenka eran Greenberg Ruqing Xu Xianrong Huang Yang Ding Alexander Soldatov Wenge Yang Guoyin Shen Wendy L.Mao Ho-Kwang Mao Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research Beijing 100094China High Pressure Collaborative AccessTeam Geophysical LaboratoryCarnegie Institution of WashingtonArgonneIllinois 60439USA Center for the Study of Matter at Extreme Conditions and Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering Florida International UniversityMiamiFlorida 33199USA Advanced Photon Source Argonne National LaboratoryLemontIllinois 60439USA HPCAT X-Ray Science DivisionArgonne National LaboratoryLemontIllinois 60439USA MAX IV Laboratory Lund University22100 LundSweden Condensed Matter Theory Group Materials Theory DivisionDepartment of Physics and AstronomyUppsala UniversityUppsala S-75120Sweden Center for Advanced Radiation Sources University of ChicagoChicagoIllinois 60637USA Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics Lule°a University of Technology97187 Lule°aSweden Department of Geological Sciences Stanford UniversityStanfordCalifornia 94305USA Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences SLAC National Accelerator LaboratoryMenlo ParkCalifornia 94025USA

Diamond anvil cell techniques have been improved to allow access to the multimegabar ultrahigh-pressure region for exploring novel phenomena in ***,the onlyway to determine crystal structures of materials above 100 GPa,namely,X-ray diffraction(XRD),especially for lowZ materials,remains nontrivial in the ultrahigh-pressure region,even with the availability of brilliant synchrotron X-ray *** thiswork,we performa systematic study,choosing hydrogen(the lowest X-ray scatterer)as the subject,to understand how to better perform XRD measurements of low Z materials at multimegabar *** techniques that we have developed have been proved to be effective in measuring the crystal structure of solid hydrogen up to 254GPa at room temperature[*** et al.,Nature 573,558–562(2019)].Wepresent our discoveries and experienceswith regard to several aspects of thiswork,namely,diamond anvil selection,sample configuration for ultrahigh-pressure XRDstudies,XRDdiagnostics for low Z materials,and related issues in data interpretation and pressure *** that these methods can be readily extended to other low Z materials and can pave the way for studying the crystal structure of hydrogen at higher pressures,eventually testing structural models of metallic hydrogen.

关键词： ultrahigh solid eventually

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钾钠离子的主动转运——机制、功能及调节

川北医学院学报 1981年第2期 80-85页

作者： KATHLEEN J.SWEADNER STANLEYM. goldin 肖建国南充医专七七级一班

机体产生的代谢能,大多用于建立细胞内液钾的高浓度和钠的低浓度,在细胞外液则保持相反的浓度关系。钠的排出需要对抗浓度(胞外高于胞内)和静电梯度

关键词：主动转运亚单位离子梯度 ATP 哇巴因钠离子细胞内钙结合位点酶复合物功能

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“中国没有创世神话”就是一种神话

复旦学报（社会科学版） 2018年第5期60卷 83-94,117页

作者： [美]金鹏程谢波(译) 谢伟杰(校) 宾夕法尼亚大学东亚系美国不详

"中国没有创世神话"常常被认为是中西文化传统之间最根本的区别之一。随着时间的推移,中国没有创世神话的说法变得越发夸大其词,成为当代史学的一个陈词滥调。我认为这些学者坚称传统中国没有创世神话,原因在于他们将中国文化视为一种... 详细信息

"中国没有创世神话"常常被认为是中西文化传统之间最根本的区别之一。随着时间的推移,中国没有创世神话的说法变得越发夸大其词,成为当代史学的一个陈词滥调。我认为这些学者坚称传统中国没有创世神话,原因在于他们将中国文化视为一种不可能产生创世神话的文化。这是因为他们将中国视为西方范式的一个具象化的衬托、一个完全相反的文化领域来表现完全对立的道德观念和思维方式。唯一能解释在学术界的"中国没有创世神话"这一刻板印象和中文文献中有关创世神话的丰富记载之间的如此明显冲突,就是如下结论:这些证据之所以被忽视,是因为它们和将中国作为"别处"[或他者]的神话学视野相冲突。这里必须要强调的是,"中国没有创世神话"这一观点,是中西比较研究中最糟糕的谬误之一。比较世界文化并非意味着要找出一些所谓的西方世界的本质,然后再去查看这一本质是否也存在于其他文化中。遗憾的是,这是绝大多数比较文化研究所采用的方法,包括涉及中国的研究。以这样一种方式研究中国,会防碍对于中国真正的理解,而仅仅是将其视为西方范式的一个苍白的镜像而已。

关键词：创世神话普遍误解西方镜像

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外科病人的监护