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Cascading adaptation of rural livelihood to changing environment:Conceptual framework and experiment from the Koshi River basin

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2020年第2期11卷 141-157页

作者： FANG Yi-Ping ZHU Ran ZHANG Chen-Jia golam rasul Nilhari NEUPANE Institute of Mountain Hazards&Environment Chinese Academy of SciencesChengdu610041China College of Resource and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development GPO Box3226KathmanduNepal Center of Research for Environment Energy and WaterKathmandu44600Nepal

Rural communities in the Koshi River basin,a trans-boundary river basin in the Hindu Kush-Himalayas,have been experiencing unprecedented difficulties for adapting with the livelihood challenges arising from floods,droughts and other climatic,environmental and socio-economic stresses.The single purpose adaptation approach often fails to address the multiple challenges arises from cascading effects of climate change at different scales and stages.To fill this gap,we developed a multi-dimensional flexible adaptation framework looking at the four dimensions of adaptation,structure,issue,time,and space(SITS).The SITS framework provides a comprehensive approach for cascading adaptation at trans-boundary river basin level and it could effectively enhance the adaptive capacity and transform livelihood outcome if properly implemented.Following the SITS framework,we examined four cascading adaptation pathways for:i)reducing disaster stressors on livelihoods,ii)enhancing access to crucial livelihood capitals,iii)improving equal rights to livelihood,and iv)strengthening synergies and exploiting complementarities at trans-boundary river basin level.The findings revealed that in the context of changing climate,it is necessary to employ different livelihood adaptation strategies and multiple responses simultaneously or sequentially to successfully adapt to the cascading effects of changing climate.The cascading adaptation may provide a sound basis on which to cope with the climate uncertainty through realistic scenarios of structure,issue,time and space.Its implementation,however,has several obstacles,for example,differences in national system,investment capacity,complexity of trans-boundary basin,remained particularly in trans-boundary river basin where managing transnational trade-offs and harness spatial synergies are critically important.

关键词： Cascading adaptation Rural livelihood Trans-boundary river basin SITS framework

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Interfacial engineering of lithium-polymer batteries with in situ UV cross-linking

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InfoMat 2021年第9期3卷 1016-1027页

作者： Ramin Rojaee Samuel Plunkett Md golam rasul Meng Cheng Vahid Jabbari Reza Shahbazian-Yassar Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Department University of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA Materials Science Division Argonne National LaboratoryLemontIllinoisUSA Department of Chemical Engineering University of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA

Developing promising solid-state Li batteries with capabilities of high current densities have been a major challenge partly due to large interfacial resistance across the electrode/electrolyte interfaces.This work represents an integrated network of self-standing polymer electrolyte and active electrode materials with in situ UV cross-linking.This method provides a uniform morphology of composite polymer electrolyte with low thickness of 20-40μm.This modification leads to promising cycling results with 85%specific capacity retention in LijjLiFePO4 cell over 100 cycles at high current densities of 170 mA g1(~25μA cm^(-2),1 C).By applying this method,the interfacial resistance decreases as high as seven folds compared to noncross-linked interfaces.The following work introduce a facile and cost-effective method in developing fastcharging self-standing polymer batteries with enhanced electrochemical properties.

关键词： electrochemical impedance spectroscopy interfacial engineering lithium batteries selfstanding polymer electrolyte

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Chemical and Microbiological Hazards of Dried Fishes in Bangladesh: A Food Safety Concern

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2020年第6期11卷 523-539页

作者： Md. golam rasul Chunhong Yuan A. K. M. Azad Shah Department of Fisheries Technology Faculty of Fisheries Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University Gazipur Bangladesh Department of Food Production and Environmental Management Faculty of Agriculture Iwate University Morioka Japan

Food safety along with nutrition is an important issue in the present word. Only nutritionally safe food can ensure a healthy balanced diet to consumers. Dried fish is a popular processed fishery product not only in our country, but also in many countries of the world. It is a very good source of dietary protein, lipid and minerals necessary for a healthy body. The consumers of dried fish in national and international level are losing their interest to buy dried fish due to poor quality and safety of the products. Therefore, we reviewed the state of knowledge regarding the contamination level of dried fish by heavy metals, harmful pesticides, amount of lipid oxidation, and microbial quantity and quality from several districts in Bangladesh. The data reviewed in this article revealed that several dried fishes contaminated with excess amount of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cr etc.), pesticide residue (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, heptachlor, endrin, aldrin, dieldrin), higher degree of lipid oxidation, excess amount of total plate count and presence of highly pathogenic E. coli, Salmonella sp. Vibrio sp. were found in few dried fish that may cause substantial human health hazard after consumption. The possible factors of these hazards are traditional drying, use of illegal pesticides with higher dose, lack of maintaining proper hygiene, sanitation, packaging, storage, distribution as well as water pollution. These findings will be helpful to

关键词： Organochlorine Chemicals Heavy Metals Lipid Oxidation Microorganisms Dried Fish

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