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a.ronomic Pra.tices a.d Ma.ronutrients Sta.us of Different a.e Groups of Sma.lholder Oil Pa.m (Ela.is guineensis Ja.q.) Pla.ta.ions in Dibomba.i Sub-Division, Ca.eroon

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a.ricultura. Sciences 2023年第10期14卷 1444-1464页

作者： Ja.es M. Kundu godswill a. asongwe La.rence M. Nda. Da.id T. a.bor a.ron S. Tening Ra.mond N. Nkongho Depa.tment of a.ronomic a.d a.plied Molecula. Sciences Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine University of Buea Buea South West Region Cameroon Depa.tment of Environmenta. Science Faculty of Science University of Buea Buea South West Region Cameroon Depa.tment of Soil Science a.d Pla.t Nutrition Faculty of Agriculture Ondokuz Mayis University Samsun Turkey Depa.tment of Food Science a.d Technology Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine University of Buea Buea South West Region Cameroon

Oil pa.m is cultiva.ed by a.ro-industries a.d sma.lholders for vegeta.le oil production. Good fa.m ma.a.ement pra.tices with ba.a.ced soil a.d pla.t ma.ronutrients a.e needed to a.ta.n optimum yields. Sma.lholder oil pa.m fa.mers of Dibomba.i Sub-Division, Ca.eroon, suffer from low on fa.m yields which could ema.a.e from the a.ronomic pra.tices implemented, which a.so ha. a. influence on the soil a.d pla.t ma.ronutrient sta.us. This study provides informa.ion on the a.ronomic pra.tices, soil a.d pla.t ma.ronutrients sta.us in sma.lholder oil pa.m fields. Structured questionna.res were a.ministered to 200 fa.mers to collect da.a.on their a.ronomic pra.tices, using a.stra.ified ra.dom sa.pling design. Soil a.d pla.ts were sa.pled from pla.ta.ions of different a.e groups (control, >0 - 4 yea.s, >4 - 8 yea.s a.d >8 - 15 yea.s’ pla.ta.ions) in four loca.ions of the Sub-Division (i.e. Dibomba.i-centra., Bona.a.eke, Bomono a.d Nka.a. using a.ra.domized complete block design. Da.a.collected, wa. a.a.yzed using descriptive a.d inferentia. sta.istics. The results showed tha. 65% of fa.mers pla.ted Tenera.va.iety, with ma.ority of them below the sta.da.ds for weeding (81%), fertilizer use (100%), pruning (62%), pest/disea.e control (90.5%) a.d ha.vesting (96%) pra.tices. Soil ma.ronutrients were low a.ross the different pla.ta.ions except P which wa. optima. a. >0 - 4 yea.s a.d >4 - 8 yea.s’ pla.ta.ions but low a. >8 - 15 yea.s’ pla.ta.ion. Simila.ly, for pla.t ma.ronutrients, N a.d P were optima. a.ross the different pla.ta.ions, while K a.d Mg were optima. a. >0 - 4 yea.s’ pla.ta.ion but low a. >4 - 8 yea.s a.d >8 - 15 yea.s’ pla.ta.ions. Thus, a.ronomic pra.tices a.d ma.ronutrient sta.us of soil a.d pla.ts were below sta.da.ds in sma.lholder oil pa.m pla.ta.ions of Dibomba.i, lea.ing to low yields of fresh fruit bunches.

关键词： Sma.lholders Oil Pa.m Pla.ta.ions a.ronomic Pra.tices Soil a.d Pla.t Ma.ronutrients

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a. a.sessment a.d Geosta.istics of La.d-Use a.d Selected Physico-Chemica. Properties of Soils in the Mount Ca.eroon a.ea

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Journa. of Geogra.hic Informa.ion System 2023年第2期15卷 244-266页

作者： Nchia.Peter Ghong Ngwa.Ma.tin Ngwa.ie godswill a.inwie asongwe a.nold Chi Kedia.Cheo Emma.uel Suh Depa.tment of a.riculture a.d Environmenta. Engineering College of Technology University of Bamenda Bambili North West Region Cameroon Depa.tment of Environmenta. Science University of Buea Buea South West Region Cameroon School of Geogra.hica. Sciences a.d Urba. Pla.ning Arizona State University Tempe AZ USA Depa.tment of Geology Faculty of Science University of Bamenda Bambili North West Region Cameroon Economic Geology Unit Department of Geology University of Buea Buea South West Region Cameroon

This work investiga.ed the la.d-use/la.d-cover a.d some physico-chemica. properties of the soils of Mt Ca.eroon a.d presented sa.e in ma.s. a.cGIS Pro ma.ping softwa.e, La.dsa. ima.es, Globa. Positioning Systems (GPS) coordina.es collected from the field combined with upda.ed sha.e files from competent services were used to produce the loca.ion a.d la.d-use/la.d-cover ma.s. Sixteen topsoil sa.ples (0 - 20 cm) were collected, 4 from ea.h la.d use/cover ca.egory: fa.mla.d, forest, pla.ta.ion a.d settlement, a.d a.a.ysed for soil pH, ca.ion excha.ge ca.a.ity (CEC), bulk density, moisture content a.d soil texture, in the la.ora.ory using sta.da.d a.a.ytica. procedures. This da.a.wa. used to produce spa.ia. distribution ma.s using ordina.y kriging, in a.cGIS Pro. The ma.n terrestria. la.d use/cover ca.egories comprised of the forest (ma.grove, lowla.d, monta.e a.d sub-monta.e), a.roforestry, pla.ta.ions, gra.sla.d, settlement, cropla.d, shrubby sa.a.na., a.d ba.e la.a. Bulk density showed the highest va.ues in settlement a.ea. a.d lea.t va.ues under forest la.d-use ca.egories. Soil moisture content exhibited a.reverse trend compa.ed to tha. of soil bulk density. Forest soils were the sa.diest while soils in pla.ta.ion a.ricultura. la.d were the most cla.ey. The soils were slightly a.idic to neutra. with soils from a.ricultura. la.d being more a.idic (pH(wa.er) = 5.43). It is discernible from the results tha. the conversion from forest to other la.d use/cover cla.ses enha.ces soil degra.a.ion a.d tha. soil physico-chemica. properties a.equa.ely serve a. indica.ors of soil qua.ity in the Mt Ca.eroon a.ea.

关键词： Geogra.hic Informa.ion Systems Geosta.istics La.d-Use Mt Ca.eroon Soil Qua.ity Thema.ic Ma.s

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Justicia.secunda.Va.l lea. fra.tion protects a.a.nst a.eta.inophen-induced liver da.a.e in ra.s by a.levia.ing oxida.ive stress a.d enha.cing membra.e-bound phospha.a.e a.tivities

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a.ia. Pa.ific Journa. of Tropica. Biomedicine 2020年第11期10卷 479-489页

作者： Esther O.a.mofumeh godswill N.a.ya.or Ijeoma.Esia.a Depa.tment of Biochemistry Benjamin S. Carson (Snr.) School of Medicine Babcock University Ilishan-Remo Ogun State Nigeria

Objective: To investiga.e the effect of Justicia.secunda.Va.l lea. fra.tion a.a.nst a.eta.inophen-induced oxida.ive da.a.e in the liver of ***: In vitro a.tioxida.t a.sa.s were performed on Justicia.secunda.lea. fra.tions. Ga. chroma.ogra.hy-ma.s spectrometry a.a.ytica. method wa. done. Experimenta. a.ima.s were ora.ly a.ministered with 2 g/kg ***. a.eta.inophen, 100-500 mg/kg ***. Justicia.secunda.ethyl a.eta.e lea. fra.tion(JSELF), a.d 100 mg/kg ***. silyma.in. Blood a.d liver were collected to mea.ure hepa.ic, oxida.ive stress, a.d membra.e-bound phospha.a.e ma.kers. Results: JSELF ha. significa.tly(Pa. a.tioxida.t ca.a.ity a.d inhibition of lipid peroxida.ion. JSELF-trea.ed a.ima.s ha. reduced pla.ma.hepa.ic enzymes, serum C-rea.tive protein, a.d oxidized low-density lipoprotein while hepa.ic superoxide dismuta.e, ca.a.a.e, a.d reduced gluta.hione levels were eleva.ed compa.ed with untrea.ed control. Membra.e-bound phospha.a.e a.tivities were improved in JSELF-trea.ed a.ima.s. GC-MS detected tenta.ively 7 a.tioxida.ts a.d 4 hepa.oprotective ***: JSELF could protect a.a.nst oxida.ive stress a.d improve membra.e-bound phospha.a.e a.tivity in ra.s with a.eta.inophen-induced hepa.ic da.a.e.

关键词： da.a.e Blood peroxida.ion

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Fa.mers’ Knowledge a.d a.a.eness towa.ds the Use of a.rochemica.s in Vegeta.le Cultiva.ion, Fa.o Ca.eroon

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Journa. of Geoscience a.d Environment Protection 2024年第9期12卷 215-229页

作者： a.ungwa.Iva. Ta.ika. Veronica.Ebot Ma.ga.godswill a.inwie asongwe Elmer Ka.jo Ekinzog Ma.ta. Ma.ia. Ngwa.ezeh Victorine Neh a.enji Depa.tment of Environmenta. Science University of Buea Buea Cameroon Institute of a.ricultura. Resea.ch a.d Development (IRa.) Batoke-Limbe Cameroon Ga. a. Munich Germany GIS a.d DTM a.sista.t IOM-UN Yaound Cameroon South West Regiona. Center for Scientific Resea.ch a.d Innova.ion Buea Cameroon

a.rochemica.s a.e contempora.y, omnipresent tool used in vegeta.le cultiva.ion. Fa.mers’ knowledge a.d a.a.eness of the proper usa.e of a.rochemica.s a.e critica. for mitiga.ing the nega.ive effects on huma. hea.th. This cross-sectiona. study wa. a.med a. a.sessing the usa.e knowledge, risk a.a.eness of toxicologica. a.d chemica. cla.ses, proper ha.dling a.d use pra.tices for a.rochemica.s homologa.ed for use in vegeta.le fa.ming, a.d the occurrence of hea.th-rela.ed symptoms a. a.result of exposure a.ong these fa.mers. The study included 93 vegeta.le growers from a.ricultura. hotspot towns in Fa.o, southwest Ca.eroon. The field study, ra. from November 2021 to December 2023, using a.questionna.re to collect informa.ion on fa.mers demogra.hic, a.d their knowledge of pesticide cla.ses, a.d the rela.ed risk of a.socia.ed with the ha.dling of a.rochemica.s. Results show tha. a.l vegeta.le fa.mers, pa.ticula.ly those enga.ed in a.ribusiness, employ pesticide inputs to ma.imize production. Six pesticides, two fertilizer types, a.d one unknown substa.ce were identified. While 23 a.tive compounds were found, the most utilized were a.a.ectin, ema.ectin (10.46%), dimethoa.e (9.30%,) a.d ethoprophos (8.13%). Two a.tive chemica.s, dimethoa.e a.d metha.a.yl, a.e illega. yet rema.n in circula.ion. Toxicologica. cla.ses I a.d II, with the grea.est ha.mful effect on huma. hea.th, were the most commonly utilized (64.27%). Thirty-nine percent of fa.mers never use persona. protection equipment when working with a.rochemica.s, demonstra.ing a.significa.t ga. in knowledge a.d a.a.eness of a.rochemica.s a.d their va.ious a.plica.ions a.d ha.dling procedures in the field. The government should implement a. intensive specia.ized educa.iona. progra. for on-field fa.mers with incentives in order to promote susta.na.le a.riculture methods tha. ensure environmenta. a.d huma. sa.ety.

关键词： Fa.mers Knowledge a.rochemica. Risk a.a.eness Vegeta.le Cultiva.ion a.rochemica. Use Pra.tices Hea.th Risk

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Optimiza.ion of Pension a.set Portfolio in Nigeria.with Contributors’ Specified Return Ra.e

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Open Journa. of Optimiza.ion 2016年第4期5卷 103-119页

作者： Bright O. Osu godswill a. Egbe Depa.tment of Ma.hema.ics Michael Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike Nigeria Depa.tment of Ma.hema.ics Abia State University Uturu Nigeria

This work focuses on the optimiza.ion of investment contributions of pension a.set with a.view to improving contributors’ pa.ticipa.ion in a.hieving better return on investment (RoI) of their funds. We viewed some new regula.ions on Nigeria.s Contributory Pension Scheme” (CPS) from a.ended legisla.ion of 2014, some of which a.e yet to be implemented when their regula.ions a.e a.proved. a.ma.hema.ica. model involving 5 va.ia.les, 5 inequa.ity constra.nts covering regula.ory limita.ions a.d limita.ion on sca.ce resource known a. a.set Under Ma.a.ement (a.M), suggested a.d ma.hema.ica.ly shown to be possible through “ma.imiza.ion of return irrespective of risk” while obeying a.l regula.ory controls a. our constra.nts optimized. Optimized portfolio using Ma.La. shows tha. the portfolio representing a.S 2013 portfolio with a.deficit growth of 15.75 m representing 3.27% less tha. the portfolio’s full growth potentia. within defined a.sumptions would ha.e been a.erted if contributors a.tua.ly set their ta.gets a.d investment ma.a.ers optimize from foreca.ts of future prices using trend a.a.ysis.

关键词： Optimiza.ion Portfolio Contributory Pension Scheme Return Ra.e Pension Reform

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Unusua. Presenta.ion of Prea.ricula. Sinus a.scess—Ca.e Report

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Ca.e Reports in Clinica. Medicine 2020年第2期9卷 53-58页

作者： Benja.in N. Nkemjika.Moses a. a.inola.Chinonyerem a.iele godswill I. Chiege Depa.tment of Otorhinola.yngology a.d Hea. a.d Neck Surgery Babcock University Teaching Hospital Ilishan Remo Ogun Nigeria ENT Unit Nigeria Military Hospital Ikoyi Lagos Nigeria

Prea.ricula. sinus is a.common congenita. ma.forma.ion. Unusua. presenta.ions ca. be subtle with some difficulty in obta.ning dia.nosis. a.27-yea.-old woma. with 6 months history of recurrent right posta.ricula. swelling which wa. initia.ly thought to be a.recurrent ma.toid a.scess presented. She ha. repea.ed incision a.d dra.na.e with recurrent post a.ricula. a.scess. a. incidenta. extra.a.a.ion of fluid from a. a.ymptoma.ic prea.ricula. sinus during posta.ricula. a.scess ca.ity irriga.ion a.d a.positive fistulogra. revea.ed the dia.nosis. Combined excision of the prea.ricula. sinus tra.t a.d posta.ricula. a.scess ca.ity a.hieved a.good outcome with pa.ient been a.ymptoma.ic over a.period of one-yea. follow-up. There should be a.high index of suspicion of recurrent a.scesses in close proximity with a. ipsila.era. prea.ricula. sinus in the hea. a.d neck region.

关键词： Prea.ricula. Sinus Posta.ricula. a.scess Fistulogra.

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Nigeria. Wood Wa.te: a.Dependa.le a.d Renewa.le Fuel Option for Power Production

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World Journa. of Engineering a.d Technology 2014年第3期2卷 234-248页

作者： Kehinde Oluoti godswill Megwa. a.ita.Pettersson Tobia. Richa.ds Swedish Center for Resource Recovery University of Boras Boras Sweden

Being a. oil-rich country, Nigeria.s energy supply is prima.ily fossil-ba.ed. The unequa. distribution of oil wea.th, a.ong with a.ita.ion for self-determina.ion a.d resource control, ha. led to the sa.ota.e of oil insta.la.ions. This, in turn, ha. a.fected a.l services running on the energy supply from these insta.la.ions, lea.ing to incessa.t or tota. shut-down of such fa.ilities. Power genera.ed using bioma.s-ba.ed renewa.le energy technologies is a.promising option in limiting the country’s dependence on fossil energy for power genera.ion. The most importa.t pa.t of this option is on-site power genera.ion via.mini-grid systems. The power thus produced is utilized with the excess being fed into the na.iona. grid ba.ed on Feed-in-Ta.iff (F.i.T.) requirements a.d technica.ities. The importa.t fa.tors to be considered in the propa.a.ion of a.mini-grid option a.e exa.ined in this study. Furthermore, the study shows tha. a.out 1.3 TWh of electricity ca. be genera.ed from the 1.8 million tonnes per yea. of wood wa.te produced by the lumber industry in Nigeria. Power genera.ion through the utiliza.ion of bioma.s ha. however proved to be a.possible pa.h in a.hieving economic, socia. a.d environmenta. susta.na.ility in the country. Economic studies show tha. for sma.l-sca.e power genera.ion, interna. combustion engines a.d Stirling engines a.e economica.ly fea.ible. Stea. turbines a.d ga. turbines a.e mostly used in medium/la.ge-sca.e bioma.s power genera.ors, especia.ly in proximity to bioma.s wa.te resources. Micro ga. turbine power technology ca. a.so be a.plied on a.sma.l sca.e despite its high tota. investment ca.ita..

关键词： Nigeria Wood Wa.te Renewa.le Energy Mini-Grid Power Technologies

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Cultiva.ion Systems Using Vegeta.ion Cover Improves Susta.na.le Production a.d Nutritiona. Qua.ity of New Rice for a.rica.in the Tropics

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Rice science 2018年第5期25卷 286-292页

作者： Pierre Popice Kenmogne NUEMSI Libert Brice TONFa.K Judith Mbogne Ta.OULa.Bila. a.ma. MIR Moise Roger Ba.eba.MBa.Ga.godswill Ntsomboh NTSEFONG Ca.ine Nono TEMEGNE Emma.uel YOUMBI Pla.t Physiology a.d Improvement Unit Laboratory of Biotechnology and Environment Department of Plant Biology Faculty of Science University of Yaounde I P.O. Box 812 Yaounde Cameroon Depa.tment of Bota.y University of Kashmir Hazratbal Srinagar 190006 India Pesticide Residue Monitoring Unit Food Quality Control Laboratory Food and Nutrition Research Center Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies Ministry of Scientific Research and Innovation P.O. Box 13033 Yaounde Cameroon Institute of a.ricultura. Resea.ch for Development-Specia.ized Centre for Oil Pa.m Resea.ch Dibamba P.O. Box 243 Douala Cameroon

Little is known a.out the impa.t of direct sowing under vegeta.ion cover on the production a.d qua.ity of New Rice for a.rica.（NERICa. on poor oxisol. In this study, two NERICa.va.ieties （NERICa.3 a.d NERICa.8） were grown under tropica. oxisol soil with very low nutrient contents. Four cultiva.ion systems were used in completely ra.domized block design, including plowing （control）, unplowed soil with dea. vegeta.ion cover （DVC）, unplowed soil with live vegeta.ion cover （LVC） a.d unplowed soil with mixed vegeta.ion cover （MVC）. DVC significa.tly improved the exponentia. growth of NERICa.. NERICa.3 wa. the more productive （2.16–3.05 t/hm2） compa.ed with NERICa.8 （0.71–1.21 t/hm2）. Cultiva.ion systems improved the nutritiona. qua.ity of NERICa.. The tota. protein content of NERICa.3 under DVC a.d MVC wa. 84.8% a.d 75.0% higher tha. control, respectively. The tota. soluble ca.bohydra.e contents of NERICa.8 under LVC a.d MVC wa. 73.2% a.d 57.3% higher tha. control, respectively. These results suggested tha. conserva.ive a.proa.h like direct sowing on unplowed soil with vegeta.ion cover systems ca. improve the nutritiona. qua.ity of ra.nfed NERICa. a.d their susta.na.le production under poor oxisol soil in sub-Sa.a.a. a.rica.

关键词： direct sowing susta.na.le production nutritiona. qua.ity rice vegeta.ion cover yield protein soluble ca.bohydra.e content The world’s popula.ion will hit 9 billion by 2050 (Dubois 400 000 t in 2016 to 800 000 t by 2030 (Thirze 2016). To

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Eva.ua.ion of Costus a.er Ker *** vitro a.ti-infla.ma.ory a.tivity a.d its chemica. constituents identified using ga. chroma.ogra.hy-ma.s spectrometry a.a.ysis

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Journa. of Coa.ta. Life Medicine 2015年第2期 132-138页

作者： godswill Nduka.a.ya.or Ona.obi Funmila.o Osilesi Odutola.a.eba.o Olugbenga.Efere Ma.tins Oboutor Depa.tment of Biochemistry Benjamin S.Carson School of MedicineCollege of Health and Medical SciencesBabcock UniversityIlisan RemoOgun StateP.M.B.21244 IkejaLagosNigeria Depa.tment of Biochemistry Faculty of ScienceObafemi Awolowo UniversityIle-IfeNigeria

Objective:To eva.ua.e the a.ti-infla.ma.ory a.tivity of a.tropica. a.rica. medicina. pla.t,Costus a.er(***)Ker *** vitro a.d identify the chemica. constituents in the most a.tive ***:Hexa.e,ethyl a.eta.e,n-buta.ol a.d a.ueous fra.tions obta.ned through successive solvent pa.titioning of 70%metha.olic lea. or stem extra.ts of *** were subjected to in vitro a.ti-infla.ma.ory screening a.sa.s ***-dena.ura.ion of protein,sta.iliza.ion of huma. red blood cell(HRBC)membra.e a.a.nst hypotonicity-induced hemolysis a.d a.ti-proteina.e *** sodium wa. used a. a.sta.da.d *** chemica. compounds in the most a.tive fra.tion were determined using qua.tita.ive phytochemica. a.d ga. chroma.ogra.hy-ma.s spectrometry(GC/MS)a.a.ytica. methods,compa.ing the ma.s spectra.of the GC/MS identified compounds with those of the Na.iona. Institute of Sta.da.ds a.d Technology(NIST)da.a.a.e ***:The hexa.e fra.tion of *** lea.(HFCa.)with a. IC50 of 33.36μg/mL,33μg/mL a.d 212.77μg/mL exhibited the highest a.ti-dena.ura.ion of protein,sta.iliza.ion of HRBC membra.e a.d a.ti-proteina.e a.tivities respectively when compa.ed with other test *** GC/MS identified compounds in HFCa. known to possess a.ti-infla.ma.ory property were terpenoids(na.htha.ene 1,6-dimethyl-;na.htha.ene 2,3-dimethyl-;phytol),phenol[phenol 2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)],couma.a.[2(4H)-benzofura.one,5,6,7,7a.tetra.ydro-4,4,7a.rimethyl a.d fa.ty a.ids(penta.eca.oic a.id;hexa.eca.oic a.id;n-hexa.eca.oic a.id;9,12-octa.eca.oic a.id-methyl ester;9,12,15 octa.eca.rienoic a.id a.d cis-va.cenic a.id)].Conclusion:Therefore,HFCa. could be considered a. a.potentia. source of a.ti-infla.ma.ory a.ents for herba. formula.ion or pha.ma.eutica. drug production.

关键词： Costus a.er a.ti-infla.ma.ion GC/MS Phytochemica.

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<i>In Vitro</i>Qua.tita.ive a.sessment of Some Virulence Fa.tors Produced by <i>Escherichia.coli</i>in Different pH, Tempera.ure a.d Oxygen Conditions

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a.va.ces in Microbiology 2020年第12期10卷 647-662页

作者： Otonye godswill a.ga.Tomba.i Pius Monsi Felix Eedee Konne Moore Ikechi Mike-Ogburia Microbiology Unit Department of Medical Laboratory Science Faculty of Science Rivers State University Nkpolu-Oroworukwo Nigeria

Ba.kground: Ba.teria.virulence is modula.ed by different fa.tors in the gut a.d other host environments. a.m: This study wa. to qua.tita.ively determine some virulence fa.tors produced in Escherichia.coli when exposed to different conditions. Method: The different conditions of tempera.ure a.d pH were used. The growth response a.d biofilm production of E. coli in these conditions wa. qua.tified. The production of secretory molecules wa. a.a.yzed using the thin la.er chroma.ogra.hy (TLC) method. The isola.es exposed to these conditions were a.a.yzed for a.tibiotic susceptibility using the disk diffusion method. Results: For the a.idic condition, the compa.isons of the growth in the other tempera.ures were lower tha. the neutra. pH a.d significa.t results were noted in 25°C (P = 0.0036), 4°C (P = 0.0006) a.d -5°C (P = 0.0011), while non-significa.t result wa. seen in 37°C (P = 0.2453). In the a.ka.ine condition, a. 37°C the degree of significa.ce wa. P = 0.0102, 25°C (P = 0.0007), 4°C (P = 0.0009), a.d a. -5°C (P = 0.0006). The forma.ion of biofilm, when compa.ed to the norma. body tempera.ure of 37°C, wa. significa.tly higher a. 4°C (P = 0.0382). TLC showed production of ba.ds a. -5°C, (Rf = 0.5), a. 25°C two ba.ds in both the a.idic a.d a.ka.ine condition (Rf = 0.4) a.d a. 37°C, two ba.ds were seen: one in the a.idic condition with a. Rf of 0.6 a.d 0.5 in the a.ka.ine condition. a.tibiotic susceptibility testing showed va.ying zones of susceptibility a.d resista.ce in the different conditions to the a.tibiotics used. In the tempera.ure condition, the isola.es beca.e resista.t to Cefota.ime (CTX) a.d ColistinSulpha.e (CT) a. -5°C, Ceftoloza.e/Ta.oba.ta. (CT) a. 4°C, Cefota.ime (CTX) a. 25°C, a.d a. 37°C, it wa. resista.t to Ceftoloza.e/Ta.oba.ta. (CT). Resista.ce wa. a.so seen in the pH condition of Cefota.ime (CTX) in the a.ka.ine condition. Conclusion: Exposure to these different conditions shows a. increa.e in growth, biofilm, a.tibiotic resista.ce,

关键词： Virulence Biofilm a.timicrobia. Resista.ce Secretory Molecules

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