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Cultivation Systems Using Vegetation Cover Improves Sustainable Production and Nutritional Quality of New Rice for Africa in the Tropics

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Rice science 2018年第5期25卷 286-292页

作者： Pierre Popice Kenmogne NUEMSI Libert Brice TONFACK Judith Mbogne TABOULA Bilal Ahmad MIR Moise Roger Baleba MBANGA godswill ntsomboh ntsefong Carine Nono TEMEGNE Emmanuel YOUMBI Plant Physiology and Improvement Unit Laboratory of Biotechnology and Environment Department of Plant Biology Faculty of Science University of Yaounde I P.O. Box 812 Yaounde Cameroon Department of Botany University of Kashmir Hazratbal Srinagar 190006 India Pesticide Residue Monitoring Unit Food Quality Control Laboratory Food and Nutrition Research Center Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies Ministry of Scientific Research and Innovation P.O. Box 13033 Yaounde Cameroon Institute of Agricultural Research for Development-Specialized Centre for Oil Palm Research Dibamba P.O. Box 243 Douala Cameroon

Little is known about the impact of direct sowing under vegetation cover on the production and quality of New Rice for Africa （NERICA） on poor oxisol. In this study, two NERICA varieties （NERICA 3 and NERICA 8） were grown under tropical oxisol soil with very low nutrient contents. Four cultivation systems were used in completely randomized block design, including plowing （control）, unplowed soil with dead vegetation cover （DVC）, unplowed soil with live vegetation cover （LVC） and unplowed soil with mixed vegetation cover （MVC）. DVC significantly improved the exponential growth of NERICAs. NERICA 3 was the more productive （2.16–3.05 t/hm2） compared with NERICA 8 （0.71–1.21 t/hm2）. Cultivation systems improved the nutritional quality of NERICAs. The total protein content of NERICA 3 under DVC and MVC was 84.8% and 75.0% higher than control, respectively. The total soluble carbohydrate contents of NERICA 8 under LVC and MVC was 73.2% and 57.3% higher than control, respectively. These results suggested that conservative approach like direct sowing on unplowed soil with vegetation cover systems can improve the nutritional quality of rainfed NERICAs and their sustainable production under poor oxisol soil in sub-Saharan Africa.

关键词： direct sowing sustainable production nutritional quality rice vegetation cover yield protein soluble carbohydrate content The world’s population will hit 9 billion by 2050 (Dubois 400 000 t in 2016 to 800 000 t by 2030 (Thirze 2016). To

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Sporting Usefulness Potential of Nine Local Taxa of Grasses for Lawns in the Agro-Ecological Zone with Bimodal Rainfall in Cameroon

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2023年第8期14卷 845-856页

作者： Meboma Zanga Yanique Lionel godswill ntsomboh ntsefong Temegne Nono Carine Tonfack Libert Brice Youmbi Emmanuel Department of Plant Biology Faculty of Science University of Yaounde 1 Yaounde Cameroon Cameroon Academy of Young Scientists (CAYS) Yaounde Cameroon

The Cameroonian flora has a very high biodiversity that remains largely unexplored. It contains many grasses that can be used for sports lawns, but are currently underutilized. In order to contribute to the improvement of the quality of sports lawns, nine local grass taxa from the agro-ecological zone with bimodal rainfall in Cameroon were evaluated for their potential for sporting use in natural lawns. The method of the Study and Control Group for Varieties and Seeds was used to evaluate the sports lawn characteristics of the taxa. The resistance to trampling and pulling, the density of the lawn, and the aesthetic appearance, which are factors in calculating the sports index, were monitored at two sites, including the experimental space at the University of Yaounde 1 in the Center region and Kagnol 2 in the East region, from January 2017 to January 2020. The monthly lawn characteristic data allowed for the differentiation between the means and the determination of the sports index of the taxa compared to commercialized lawn varieties. The sports index of the evaluated taxa varied: Cynodon dactylon (6.989), Eleusine indica (6.338), Sporobolus natalensis (6.301), Cynodon cf Cynodon dactylon (6.257), Eragrostis tremula (5.939), Sporobolus pyramidalis (5.583), Agrostis rupestris (5.335), Axonopus compressus (4.991), and Digitaria sp. (4.544). These results show that these grass taxa have potential for sporting use in lawn mixtures at different levels of sports disciplines.

关键词： Sports Lawn Characteristics Sports Index Natural Sports Lawn Local Grass Taxa Resistance to Trampling and Pulling

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Genome Mapping to Enhance Efficient Marker-Assisted Selection and Breeding of the Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensisJacq.)

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2021年第12期12卷 407-425页

作者： Essubalew Getachew Seyum Ngalle Hermine Bille Wosene Gebreselassie Abtew godswill ntsomboh-ntsefong Joseph Martin Bell Department of Plant Biology and Physiology Faculty of Sciences University of Yaounde I Yaounde Cameroon CETIC (African Center of Excellence in Information and Communication Technologies) University of Yaounde I Yaounde Cameroon Department of Horticulture and Plant Sciences Jimma University College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine Jimma Ethiopia Institute of Agricultural Research for Development Yaounde Cameroon

The oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is one of the major cultivated crops among the economically important palm species. It is cultivated mainly for its edible oil. For a perennial crop like oil palm, the use of Marker Assisted Selection (MAS) techniques helps to reduce the breeding cycle and improve the economic products. Genetic and physical maps are important for sequencing experiments since they show the exact positions of genes and other distinctive features in the chromosomal DNA. This review focuses on the role of genome mapping in oil palm breeding. It assesses the role of genome mapping in oil palm breeding and discusses the major factors affecting such mapping. Generating a high-density map governed by several factors, for instance, marker type, marker density, number of mapped population, and software used are the major issues treated. The general conclusion is that genome mapping is pivotal in the construction of a genetic linkage map. It helps to detect QTL and identify genes that control quantitative traits in oil palm. In perspective, the use of high-density molecular markers with a large number of markers, a large number mapping population, and up-to-date software is necessary for oil palm genome mapping.

关键词： Genome Mapping Crop Improvement Marker Assisted Selection Oil Palm Biotechnology

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Cultivar and Soil Fertilizer Treatment Affect Seed Production of Sweet Yellow Yam (Dioscorea dumetorum) on Highly Acidic Soils of the Western Highlands Region of Cameroon

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2021年第9期12卷 1387-1409页

作者： Somo Toukam Gabriel Mahbou godswill ntsomboh-ntsefong Tiokeng Marie Noel Ateko Benoit Nono Emmanuel Youmbi Department of Plant Biology Faculty of Science University of Yaounde 1 Yaounde Cameroon Department of Research Valorization and Innovation Institute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD) Yaounde Cameroon Ferme Ecole de Boukue Baham Région de l’Ouest Cameroun

The popularization of Dioscorea dumetorum (Dioscoreaceae), a nutritious yam species is still marginal due to constraints such as the low interest of research, poor cultural practices, insufficient and expensive seeds, pests, and diseases. The latter pushes producers to use about 50% of their harvest as seed for the next planting season. The lack of a specific fertilizer formulation for yam production on the oxysols of Cameroon is another constraint. This study was aimed at enhancing the availability of quality seeds through the characterization of five yam accessions. One experiment was performed to determine the effect of cultivar and origin of tuber sets on their germination rate. The second concerned the evaluation of cultivars and soil treatment effects on agronomic parameters of yam seedlings. Yam cultivars were subjected to nine fertilizer formulations as follows: T0: no fertilizer;T1: mycorrhizal fungi (MF) + 150 g manure + peanut waste;T2: 25 g chemical fertilizer (20.10.10);T3: MF + peanut waste;T4: 16 g chemical fertilizer (12.6.20);T5: 25 g (20.10.10) +100 g CaO + 150 g manure;T6: 100 g CaO + 150 g manure;T7: 20 g tropicote + 2 g DAP (Diammonium phosphate, a reference starter fertilizer coded N18P46) + 100 g CaO + 150 g manure;and T8: mycorrhiza. These treatments were tested in a factorial design. Results show that Ibo sweet 3 and Mabondji sweet white 1 yam accessions were less affected by anthracnose disease on the aerial parts. Guzang 1 showed the best germination rate and yield, making it appropriate for cultivation in the region. Soil treatments, T2, T5, T7 and T8 significantly increased the yield of yam cultivars. Mycorrhiza treatment alone gave a better response to seed weight, indicating the interest of this biofertilizer as a solution for good seedling production. These fertilizer treatments can be recommended to farmers for more seed production with optimum seed weight (300 g).

关键词： Dioscorea dumetorum Mini Set Yam Seed Production Mycorrhiza Fertilizer Soil Acidity

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Effect of Grafting on Growth and Shelf Life of Tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Grafted on Two Local Solanum Species

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2022年第9期13卷 401-418页

作者： Somo Toukam Gabriel Mahbou godswill ntsomboh-ntsefong Mongoue Fanche Aminatou Fabrice Tchohou Lessa Gaston Etoga Onana Emmanuel Youmbi University of Yaounde 1 Faculty of Science Department of Plant Biology Yaounde Cameroon Institute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD) Yaounde Cameroon

The Rio Grande variety of tomato is widely grown because of its high productivity during the cold and dry seasons, and its resistance to Verticillium wilt (caused by Fusarium oxysporium) and to stem canker (Alternaria). Grafting tomato onto compatible rootstocks resistant to these diseases offers a better potential to overcome soil-borne diseases, abiotic stresses, improve growth, yield and fruit quality. However, in Cameroon, there is little or no information on grafting between Rio Grande tomato and selected eggplant rootstocks. The objectives of this study were: 1) To determine the compatibility between Rio tomato grafting and a popular local eggplant (Nkeya) rootstock;2) To verify the effect of grafting on flowering time;3) To evaluate the effect of eggplant rootstocks on growth, fruit shelf life and fruit quality of Rio tomatoes. The trial was conducted in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Rio Grande (To) was the ungrafted treatment used as a control. To/Ko, To/To and To/Nk were the grafted treatments eventually transplanted to the field. Growth data were subjected to analysis of variance using SPSS software. Descriptive analyses were performed for the other parameters. The results revealed that, 1) The cleft grafting method used was successful with success rate varying between 90 and 100%;2) Grafting influenced flowering date (DAT, p = 0.05) as well as tomato growth parameters including stem height (H, 1.49 × 10-10 p 0.00014) and collar diameter (SD, 4 × 10-14 p 0.009). The To/To treatment was significantly different from the ungrafted cultivar To, which had no significant difference in stem diameter. A significant difference in plant height was also observed between the ungrafted treatment To and the To/Ko and To/Nk treatments. In addition, only the collar diameter of To/Nk was different from To. Also, there was no significant difference between To/To and To, but a significant difference between To/Ko and

关键词： Rio Grande Tomato Nkeya Eggplant Solanum lycopersicum L. Solanum aethiopicum L. Solanum macrocarpon Grafting

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Morphogenesis of Oil Palm Fruit （Elaeis guineensis Jacq.） in Mesocarp and Endocarp Development

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Journal of Life Sciences 2013年第2期7卷 153-158页

作者： Hermine Bille Ngalle Joseph Martin Bell Georges Franck Ngando Ebongue Lambert Nyobe Felix Chancelin Ngangnou godswill ntsefong ntsomboh Department of Plant Biology Faculty of Science University of Yaound~ I Yaound~ Cameroon Specialized Oil Palm Research Centre (CEREPAH-LA DIBAMABA) Douala Cameroon

This work aims to study the development of the pericarp of the fruit of Elaeis guineensis Jacq. var. dura. The thickness, the water and the oil contents of its tissues are evaluated every two weeks, from pollination to the maturity of the fruit. The development of the oil palm fruit takes 5.5 months. The endocarp reaches its maximum thickness at the 70th DPP （day post-pollination）, with a water content of 72%. It then starts its dehydration, while sclerifying. It therefore isolates the seed at start and later protects it. The mesocarp is visible at anthesis and its water content is close to 92%. From the 100th DPP, it begins a continuous dehydration associated, from the 130th DPP, with an active lipids biosynthesis. Ultimately, the pericarp of the oil palm fruit fulfills both functions, namely to protect the seed by early sclerification of the endocarp and ensure the dissemination of the species by the high oil content of the mesocarp. A comparative anatomy of the pericarp tissues of the three *** E. guineensis Jacq., during the first three weeks of fruit development, will enhance the understanding of the primary effect of sh gene.

关键词： Elaeis guineensis Jacq. fruit endocarp mesocarp development.

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Development of a Technical Itinerary for the Production of Avocado (Persea américana Mill.) Seedlings with Biofertilizers

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2022年第9期13卷 1209-1226页

作者： Somo Toukam Gabriel Mahbou godswill ntsomboh-ntsefong Aminatou Mongoue Fanche Félix Tchio Fallone Dongmo Gaston Onana Etoga Emmanuel Youmbi Department of Plant Biology Faculty of Science University of Yaounde I Yaounde Cameroon Institute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD) Yaounde Cameroon

The cultivation of fruit trees generally requires a nursery phase during which the young seedlings are monitored and treated to improve their ability to adapt to the environment. This leads to the production of seedlings that are used to create orchards. It consists of four essential steps or operations: 1) The germination phase of the seeds in germinators for the production of rootstocks;2) Transplanting into pots or bags;3) Fertilisation in order to obtain seedlings of a satisfactory vigour (stem diameter) ready for grafting. The nursery phase requires a good understanding and mastery of plant regeneration and fertilisation techniques. In Cameroon, the demand for avocado (Persea americana) fruits is increasing, but the supply is not keeping up with this demand. After a summary monograph on the production practices of avocado seedlings in the Yaounde area, this work aims to optimise the aforementioned three steps in order to obtain seedlings of sufficient sizes for grafting. Three factors are considered in this study: 1) The substrate (Substrate), whose effects are evaluated by the germination rate (GR), the daily average germination (DAG) and the root volume of seedlings (RootV). 2) The transplanting date (TransD), determined by considering three dates including 40 (Trans40), 65 (Trans65) and 75 (Trans75) days after sowing, and 3) Fertilisation using biological fertilisers, evaluated by testing four fertilisation levels, Fert1 (10 gr of 20-10-10 plus 10 gr fowl droppings), Fert2 (Acaulospora tuberculata), Fert3 (Gigaspora margarita) and Fert4 (Mixed mycorrhizal strains of Gigaspora margarita and Acaulospora tuberculata). This third factor is evaluated by growth parameters including leaf area (LeafA), chlorophyll index (ChlorInd), gain in Plant height (GainPltH) and plant diameter (GainPltD). The trial took place in the First Seed company, a seed production unit located in the Simbock district of Yaounde for the field phase, and the Biological Control Laboratory of

关键词： Persea americana Nursery Mycorrhizae Acaulospora tuberculata Gigaspora margarita Germination Substrate Transplanting Date Growth

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Morphogenesis of Oil Palm （Elaeis guineensis Jacq.） Fruit in Seed Development

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Journal of Life Sciences 2014年第12期8卷 946-954页

作者： Hermine Bille Ngalle Joseph Martin Bell Georges Franck Ngando-Ebongue Hernild Eman-Evina godswill ntsefong ntsomboh Armand Nsimi-Mva Department of Plant Biology Faculty of Science University of Yaoundd I Yaounde P.O. Box 812 Cameroon Specialized Oil Palm Research Centre (CEREPAH of La Dibamba) IRAD Douala P.O. 243 Cameroon Ekona Regional Research Centre IRAD Buea P.O. Box 25 Cameroon

The place of the oil palm, Elaeis guineensis Jacq., in the market for fats of vegetable commodities makes it a strategic plant which requires continuous improvement. In this context, it seems appropriate to better describe the effects of the Sh gene in the developing fruit. This study aims to set a benchmark for the development of the seed in the natural palm （Elaeis guineensis var. dura） Thus the growth and development of the two major seed tissues were monitored every two weeks from pollination to maturity of the fruit. The results show that the endosperm is still liquid six weeks after pollination. It then begins an accelerated development which leads it, 11 weeks later, to completely fill the seed cavity, with an average mass of 0.81 g. This mass remains stable until the maturity of the fruit. The embryo is only visible when the endosperm is gelatinous, around 70 DPP （days post-pollination）. It then has an average length of 1.00 mm. At 126 DPP, the embryo has finished growing and measures 2.82 mm on average. This length also remains stable until 168 DPP （3.04 mm）. In perspective, a detailed follow-up of the development of the zygote from the pollination to 100 DPP is proposed. In parallel, the analysis of the chemical composition of the endosperm between 100 DPP and 168 DPP is necessary. These two complementary studies will allow to better specifying the benchmark of seed development in Elaeis guineensis var. dura.

关键词： Elaeis guineensis Jacq. embryo endosperm seed development

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Impact of Heart Rot of Pericopsis elata(Harms) Van Meeuwen on Yield at Harvest in Production Forests in South-Eastern Cameroon

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Open Journal of Forestry 2021年第3期11卷 315-329页

作者： René Samuel Gweth Likaa godswill ntsomboh-ntsefong Fridolin Choula Nnanga M. Ruth Laure François Essouma Manga Jean-Lagarde Betti Alain Dongmo Ndongo Din Department of Plant Biology Faculty of Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroon Department of Plant Biology Faculty of Sciences University of Yaounde 1 Yaounde Cameroon Institute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD) Yaounde Cameroon Department of Biology of Animal Organisms Faculty of Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroon

This study of the impact of heart rot of Pericopsis elata on logging yield was conducted in Libongo, in three logging concessions of the Société d'Exploitation Forestière et Agricole du Cameroun (SEFAC). An inventory of 92 P. elata stumps in four Annual Cutting Areas (AACs) divided among three Forest Management Units (FMUs) distinguished by Minimum Operating Diameter (MOD) revealed that 22 stumps were rotten. Decay was visible on stumps with a diameter of more than 100 cm with a frequency of occurrence of 23.91%, a percentage of abandonment of 55.20% and a yield of 44.79%. The most important economic loss was revealed on 9 abandoned whole logs that cumulated a volume of 145.547 m3. The correlation between the diameter of the stumps and that of the decay gives a coefficient or correlation rate r = 0.31. The MOD for P. elata could be 80 cm and covers the biological risk class. The results indicate that P. elata shows an increasing gradient of decay rate with increasing tree diameter, resulting in a loss of material for larger diameter trees, and consequently a decrease in material yield at processing.

关键词： Pericopsis elata Minimum Operating Diameter Heart Rot Stump Material Yield

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Assessing the Efficacy of Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) and Sambong (Blumea balsamifera) Extracts in Combating Black Pod Disease: Sustainable Solutions for Controlling Phytophthora megakarya in Cameroon’s Cocoa Plantations

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2024年第7期15卷 519-537页

作者： Gertrude Membang James Michel Tchotet Tchoumi godswill ntsomboh ntsefong Emmanuel Yvan Mba Ela Sylvere Landry Lontsi Dida Ludovic Tchuenkam Tsango Pascal Loïc Ekango Mbondjo Fritz Oben Tabi Innovative Plant Health Laboratory Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences (FASA)-Bafia Annex University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon IDepartment of Plant Biology Faculty of Science University of Yaounde 1 Yaounde Cameroon Laboratory of Phytopathology and Crop Protection Faculty of Sciences University of Yaounde 1 Yaounde Cameroon Department of Soil Science Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences (FASA) University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon

The use of plant extracts as antifungal agents is gaining increasing attention, particularly for the control of black pod disease in cocoa. Despite extensive research, current strategies haven’t been entirely effective. This study evaluated the effectiveness of Cymbopogon citratus and Blumea balsamifora leaf extracts, both individually and in combination, against Phytophthora megakarya. We assessed the efficacy of the most promising combination (75% B. balsamifera, 25% C. citratus) after storage at room temperature for up to 9 days. Agar microdilution and in vivo bioassays were conducted to determine antifungal susceptibility and effectiveness. Blumea extract exhibited the highest overall inhibitory activity, with the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (117 µl mL−1) while C. citratus had a narrower range of MIC (146 to 233 µl mL−1). The combination of C. citratus and B. balsamifera demonstrated a synergistic effect against P. megakarya, achieving growth inhibition on V8 media (92.72 ± 4.20% to 100%) and on artificially infected detached pod cortex (92.24 ± 4.53% to 98.75 ± 1.25%), which was not significantly different from the positive control (Ridomil). Furthermore, this combination maintained its effectiveness for up to 9 days at room temperature. These findings suggest that combining plant extracts can enhance their antifungal properties.

关键词： Plant Extracts Antifungal Agents Synergistic Effect Black Pod Disease Cocoa

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