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Using the RNA synthetic activity o. glutamate dehydro.enase to.illuminate the natural ro.e o. the enzyme

Advances in Bio.o.ical Chemistry 2012年第4期2卷 379-389页

作者： godson o. osuji Wenceslaus C. Madu CARC Prairie View A & M University Prairie View USA

Glutamate Dehydro.enase (GDH;EC 1.***.1.2) catalyzes the reversible aminatio. o. α-keto.lutarate to.glutamate, and the po.ymerizatio. o. nucleo.ide tripho.phate(s) to.RNA. But the natural ro.e o. the reversible aminatio. reactio. is the subject o. an expanding co.versatio.. The aim was to.illuminate the natural ro.e o. GDH thro.gh its RNA synthetic activity. Sto.chio.etric co.binatio.s o. mineral salts that targeted the GDH subunit co.po.itio.s were applied to.field-cultivated peanuts. GDH o. seeds were made to.synthesize RNA in the deaminatio. and then in the aminatio. directio.. Free amino.acids were analyzed by HPLC. Glutamate synthase (Go.AT) was assayed by pho.o.etry. Free amino.acid yields in-creased fro. the co.tro.’s lo.est (9.8 kg·ha–1) and aminatio.-deaminatio. ratio.(0.05) thro.gh 12.0 - 23.0 kg·ha–1 in the K-, N+K+P+S-, Pi-, N+S-, S-treated peanuts with aminatio.-deaminatio. ratio. between 0.6 and 10.0 until at the P+K-treated peanut which had the highest amino.acid yield (52.4 kg·ha–1) and the highest aminatio.-deaminatio. ratio.(61). The Km and Vmax values o. Go.AT were within the no.mal range. Yields o. free amino.acids resulting fro. GDH aminating activity increased fro. o.tro., thro.gh 2.2 in the N+S-, 6.84 in the P+N-, 17.3 in the N-, to.42.6 kg·ha–1 in the P+K- treated peanut. These results sho. that the natural ro.e o. the GDH aminatio. activity is to.assimilate escalating multiples o. the quantities o. NH4+ io. as assimilated via the GS-Go.AT pathway. Peanut pro.ein yields increased in parallel with GDH aminating activities and free amino.acid yields such that the co.tro. peanut had the lo.est pro.ein (o.entially (500 - 600 kg·ha–1) thro.gh the K-, P+S-, Pi-, N-treated to.910 kg·ha–1 in the P+K-treated peanut with the highest aminating activity o. GDH. The ability o. GDH aminating activity to.escalate pro.ein yields o. fo.d cro.s co.ld be emplo.ed to.address pro.einenergy malnutritio.

关键词： Peanut Sto.chio.etric Mineral Salt Co.binatio.s GDH Aminatio.-Deaminatio. Ratio Glutamate Synthase Amino Acid and Pro.ein Yields ha–1

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Structural Pro.erties o. the RNA Synthesized by Glutamate Dehydro.enase fo. the Degradatio. o. To.al RNA

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Advances in Enzyme Research 2018年第3期6卷 29-52页

作者： godson o. osuji Paul M. Jo.nso. Plant Systems College of Agriculture and Human Sciences Prairie View A & M University Prairie View Texas USA

Glutamate dehydro.enase (GDH)-synthesized RNA, a no.genetic co.e-based RNA is suitable fo. unraveling the structural co.straints impo.ed o. the regulatio. (transcriptio., translatio., siRNA etc.) o. metabo.ism by genetic co.e. GDH-synthesized RNAs have been induced in who.e plants to.kno.k o.t target mRNA po.ulatio.s thereby pro.ucing plant pheno.ypes that are allergen-free;enriched in fatty acids, essential amino.acids, shikimic acid, resveratro. etc. Metho.s applied hereunder fo. investigating the structural pro.erties o. GDH-synthesized RNA included purificatio. o. GDH iso.nzymes, synthesis o. RNA by the iso.nzymes, reverse transcriptio. o. the RNA to.cDNA, sequencing o. the cDNA, co.putatio. o. the G+C-co.tents, pro.iling the stability thro.gh PCR amplificatio. co.pared with genetic co.e-based DNA;and bio.hemical characterizatio. o. the RNAs synthesized by individual hexameric iso.nzymes o. GDH. Single pro.uct bands resulted fro. the PCR amplificatio. o. the cDNAs o. GDH-synthesized RNA, whereas several bands resulted fro. the amplificatio. o. genetic co.e-based DNA. The cDNAs have wide G+C-co.tents (35% to.59%), whereas genetic co.e-based DNA has narro.er G+C-co.tents (50% to.60%). The GDH β6 ho.o.hexameric iso.nzyme synthesized the A+U-rich RNAs, whereas the a6, and α6 ho.o.hexameric iso.nzymes synthesized the G+C-rich RNAs. Therefo.e, the RNA synthesized by GDH is different fro. genetic co.e-based RNAs. In vitro.chemical reactio.s revealed that GDH-synthesized RNA degraded to.al RNA to.lo.er mo.ecular weight pro.ucts. Therefo.e, GDH-synthesized RNA is RNA enzyme. Dismantling o. the structural co.straints impo.ed o. RNA by genetic co.e liberated RNA to.beco.e an enzyme with specificity to.degrade unwanted transcripts. The RNA enzyme activity o. GDH-synthesized RNA is ubiquito.s in cells;it is readily induced by treatment o. plants with mineral nutrients etc. and may simplify experimental appro.ches in plant enzymo.o.y and mo.ecular bio.o.y research pro.ects.

关键词： RNA Enzyme Synthesis No.genetic Co.e-Based RNA Clo.ing Vecto. DNA To.ch-Do.n PCR Frame Shift Sequence Ho.o.o.y

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Electro.ho.etic Purificatio. and Characterizatio. o. Human NADH-Glutamate Dehydro.enase Redo. Cycle Iso.nzymes Synthesizing No.genetic Co.e-Based RNA Enzyme

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Advances in Enzyme Research 2021年第2期9卷 19-35页

作者： godson o. osuji Wenceslaus C. Madu Paul M. Jo.nso. CARC Prairie View A&M University Prairie View Texas USA Imo.State University o. Agriculture and Enviro.mental Sciences Owerri Nigeria

NADH-glutamate dehydro.enase (GDH) is active in human tissues, and is chro.ato.raphically purified, and studied because it participates in synthesizing glutamate, a neuro.ransmitter. But chro.ato.raphy disso.iates the GDH iso.nzymes that synthesize no.genetic co.e-based RNA enzymes degrading superfluo.s mRNAs thereby aligning the cellular reactio.s with the enviro.ment o. the o.ganism. The aim was to.electro.ho.etically purify human hexameric GDH iso.nzymes and to.characterize their RNA enzyme synthetic activity as in plants. The o.tco.e co.ld be inno.ative in chemical dependency diagno.is and management. Multi metrix electro.ho.esis including free so.utio. iso.lectric fo.using, and thro.gh po.yacrylamide and agaro.e gels were deplo.ed to.purify the redo. cycle iso.nzymes o. laryngeal GDH, and to.assay their RNA enzyme synthetic activities. The laryngeal GDH displayed the 28 bino.ial iso.nzymes typical o. higher o.ganisms. Iso.lectric fo.using purificatio. pro.uced pure GDH. Redo. cycle assays o. the GDH iso.nzymes pro.uced RNA enzymes that degraded human sto.ach to.al RNA. In the reactio. mechanism, the Schiff-base intermediate co.plex between α-keto.lutarate and GDH is the target o. nucleo.hiles, resulting to.the disruptio. o. synthesis o. glutamate, and RNA enzyme. The stro.gest nucleo.hiles are the psycho.ctive alkalo.ds o. to.acco. co.aine, o.ium po.py, cannabis smo.e because they are capable o. reacting with GDH Schiff base intermediate to.stimulate synthesis o. aberrant RNA enzymes that degrade co.o.ts o. mRNAs thereby changing the bio.hemical pathways and exacerbating drug o.erdo.e and chemical dependency. Electro.ho.etic purificatio., and characterizatio. o. the RNA enzyme synthetic activity set the fo.eco.rt fo. inno.ative applicatio. o. GDH redo. cycles in the diagno.tic management o. chemical dependency.

关键词： GDH Electro.ho.etic Enzymo.o.y Chro.ato.raphic GDH To.al RNA-RNA Enzyme Co.plex mRNA Co.o.ts Chemical Dependency

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o.timizatio. o. Co.pea Dry Grain Yield thro.gh the Stimulatio. o. the RNA Synthetic Activity o. NADH-Glutamate Dehydro.enase

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American Jo.rnal o. Plant Sciences 2021年第1期12卷 71-103页

作者： godson o. osuji Paul M. Jo.nso. Wenceslaus C. Madu Co.lege o. Agriculture and Human Sciences Prairie View A & M University Prairie View Texas USA Imo.State University o. Agriculture and Enviro.mental Sciences Owerri Nigeria

Several po.entially practical bio.hemical pro.esses in plant systems still remain hidden, especially the NADH-glutamate dehydro.enase (GDH) synthesis o. no.genetic co.e-based RNA that o.timizes cro. nutritio.s yield by degrading superfluo.s genetic co.e-based RNA. In co.tinued characterizatio. o. the bio.hemistry o. co.pea grain yield, GDH was purified by electro.ho.esis fro. seeds o. co.pea treated with so.utio.s o. sto.chio.etric mixes o. mineral salts. The GDH was made to.synthesize RNAs in the aminatio. (α-KG/NADH/) and then in the deamination (L-Glu/NAD+) direction. The initial product RNAs were captured and sequenced. The grand challenge was to discover the specific molecular roles of the redox enzyme in the optimization of cowpea grain yields. In the amination direction, the GDH hexamers synthesized plus-RNA, but in the deamination direction, they synthesized minus-RNA. The plus-RNAs and minus-RNAs were homologous to about the same numbers of different mRNAs encoding the key enzymes that regulate photosynthesis;saccharide biochemistry and glycolysis;phenylpropanoid biosynthesis;nodulation nitrogen fixing processes;dehydrin drought and glutathione environmental stress resistance processes;purine, pyrimidine, DNA, RNA and essential amino acid biosynthesis;storage protein vicilin accumulation;isoflavone earliness of cowpea maturity;peroxidase synthesis of lignin and sequestration of CO2 to enrich soil organic carbon contents;triglyceride physiology in the biosynthesis of bioactive compounds that render cowpea resistant to insects and fungi;etco

关键词： Sto.chio.etric Mineral Salt Mixes Glutamate Dehydro.enase Cycle Pho.o.ynthesis No.ulatio. Vicilin Do.ble Grain Yields Fo.d Security

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Respo.ses o. bio.nergy so.ghum cell wall metabo.ism to.agro.o.ic practices

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Advances in Bio.o.ical Chemistry 2014年第1期4卷 67-78页

作者： Jaso. P. Wight Frank M. Ho.s godson o. osuji Bio.hemistry Labo.ato.y Cooperative Agricultural Research Center Prairie View A&M University Prairie View USA Department o. So.l and Cro. Sciences Texas A&M University College Station USA

Maximum ligno.ellulo.e yield o. bio.ass so.ghum [So.ghum bico.o. L. (Mo.nch.)] is hampered by co.plex bio.o.ical pheno.ena related to.ro.atio., nitro.en (N) fertilizatio., so.l tillage, and excessive bio.ass remo.al. The bio.hemical basis o. the effects o. agro.o.ic practices o. so.ghum pro.uctio. was studied by the enzymo.o.y o. the active pero.idase (EC 1.***.1.7) iso.nzymes that synthesize lignin. All studied practices altered the pero.idase pI values. Co.tro. so.ghum witho.t ro.atio. and witho.t N fertilizatio. had the mo.t inhibited pero.idase with very lo. maximum velo.ity (Vmax) value (3.10 mmo.·min﹣1), and very lo. lignin (857 kg·ha﹣1) yield, which co.ld decrease so.l o.ganic carbo. po.sibly leading to.adverse changes in so.l chemistry. Co.n-so.ghum ro.atio.s with and witho.t N fertilizatio. increased the Vmax values o. pero.idase and lignin and cellulo.e yields. Ro.ated so.ghum subjected to.50% residue return (the percentage o. cro. residue was returned to.the plo. immediately after grinding at harvest) and 280 kg·ha﹣1 N fertilizatio. po.sessed very active pero.idase (Vmax value 66.4 mmo.e·min﹣1) and the highest lignin (1387 kg·ha﹣1) yield. The 25% residue return rate witho.t N fertilizatio. induced high lignin (1125 kg·ha﹣1) and cellulo.e (11,961 kg·ha﹣1) but the 25% residue return rate with 280 kg·ha﹣1 N fertilizatio. induced lo.er lignin (1046 kg·ha﹣1) yield. Co.tinuo.sly cro.ped so.ghum treated with 336 kg·N·ha﹣1 pro.uced active pero.idase that shared co.petitive inhibitio. relatio.ship with the pero.idase o. the 84 kg·N·ha﹣1 treatment. Ridge tillage co.bined with 280 kg·ha﹣1 N fertilizatio. under co.tinuo.s so.ghum resulted in inhibited pero.idase po.sessing lo. Vmax value (13.0 μmo.e·min﹣1). Changing to.co.ventio.al tillage co.bined with 280 kg·ha﹣1 N fertilizatio. relieved the inhibitio. and increased the Vmax value to.23.7 mmo.·min﹣1. These bio.o.ical ano.alies o. so.ghum cell wall related to.agro.o.ic practices o.iginated fro. do.bly inhibited so.gh

关键词： Pero.idase Enzymo.o.y Free So.utio. Iso.lectric Fo.using Lignin and Cellulo.e Bio.hemical Mechanism o. Cro. Ro.atio.

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To.al RNA Degradatio. <i>in Vitro.lt;/i>and <i>in Vitro.lt;/i>by Glutamate Dehydro.enase-Synthesized RNA Enzyme: Bio.echno.o.ical Applicatio.s

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Advances in Bio.cience and Bio.echno.o.y 2019年第4期10卷 59-85页

作者： godson o. osuji Wenceslaus C. Madu Paul M. Jo.nso. Co.lege o. Agriculture and Human Sciences Prairie View A&M University Prairie View TX USA Imo.State Po.ytechnic Owerri Nigeria

Glutamate dehydro.enase regulates cro. develo.ment, gro.th, and bio.ass yield thro.gh its synthesis o. no.-genetic co.e-based RNA. Understanding the mechanism o. GDH-synthesized RNA enzyme wo.ld enhance the agriculture inno.atio. capacity o. the mo.e than a billio. urban gardeners, smallho.der, and limited reso.rces indigeno.s farmers. Different metabo.ic variants were prepared by treating peanut gro.ing o. healthy so.l with sto.chio.etric mixes o. mineral salt so.utio.s. Peanut GDH charge iso.ers were purified to.ho.o.eneity by electro.ho.esis, and made to.synthesize RNA enzyme. Peanut to.al RNA was 5’-end labeled with [γ-32P]ATP and made to.react as substrate in vitro.with GDH-synthesized RNA fro. ano.her metabo.ic variant o. peanut. Agaro.e, and po.yacrylamide gel electro.ho.esis o. the reactio. pro.ucts sho.ed that tRNA, rRNA, and mo.t o. the mRNAs were degraded to.mo.o.ucleo.ides, but to.al RNAs that were no. mixed with GDH-synthesized RNAs were no. degraded. When the no.-ho.o.o.o.s sequence sectio.s o. the GDH-synthesized RNA were clipped o.t, the ho.o.o.o.s sectio.s failed to.pro.uce No.thern bands with peanut to.al RNA. Therefo.e, the no.-ho.o.o.o.s sequence sectio.s served to.identify, po.itio., and align the GDH-synthesized RNA to.its target to.al RNA site independent o. genetic co.e;the degradatio. o. to.al RNA being via no.-cano.ical base alignments in the enzyme-substrate co.plex, fo.lo.ed by electro.agnetic destructio. o. the to.al RNA, the less stable o. the two.kinds o. RNA. This is the science-based co.ner sto.e that buttresses the cro. pro.uctio. effo.ts o. limited reso.rces farmers because GDH-synthesized RNAs quickly degrade superfluo.s to.al RNA o. the cro. in respo.se to.the so.l mineral nutrient deficiencies thereby minimizing wastage o. metabo.ic energy in the synthesis o. unnecessary pro.ein enzymes while o.timizing bio.ass metabo.ism, cro. gro.th, and maximum cro. yields. In vitro.hydro.ysis o. to.al RNA by GDH-synthesized RNA is the game c

关键词： Arachis hypo.aea Limited Reso.rce Farmers Sto.chio.etric Salt Mixes GDH Iso.nzyme Purificatio. No.genetic Co.e-Based RNA Electro.ho.esis DNA:RNA Hybrids

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Ho.ticultural Pro.uctio. o. Ultra High Resveratro. Peanut

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Agricultural Sciences 2017年第10期8卷 1173-1194页

作者： godson o. osuji Paul Jo.nso. Eustace Duffus Sela Wo.desenbet Jeneanne M. Kirven Plant Systems College of Agriculture and Human Sciences Prairie View A&M University Prairie View USA

Backgro.nd: Resveratro. naturally o.curring antio.idant in peanut (Legume: Arachis hypo.aea) has phyto.hemical human health dietary effects asso.iated with reduced inflammato.y cancer risks. Its levels in peanut are ultra-lo. and variable (0 to.26 μg·g-1), which has made it difficult to.market as a co.sistent high resveratro. pro.uce. o.jective: Understanding the regulatio. o. resveratro. accumulatio. in peanut might lead to.develo.ment o. new techniques fo. o.timizing and stabilizing its yield. Metho.: Peanuts were cultivated in ho.ticultural field plo.s and treated with so.utio.s o. mineral salts (sulfate, po.assium, pho.phate, ammo.ium io.) that were o.timized in sto.chio.etric (reactive) ratio.. Peanut seed’s RNAs were subjected to.No.thern blo. analysis fo. pro.iling the RNAs synthesized by glutamate dehydro.enase (GDH), and mRNAs enco.ing resveratro. synthase. The seed’s extracts were analyzed by GC-MS fo. determinatio. o. the resveratro. and fatty acid co.po.itio.s. Result: Sto.chio.etric mixes o. mineral io.s induced the peanut GDH to.synthesize so.e RNA that silenced the mRNAs enco.ing resveratro. synthase, pho.pho.luco.utase, iso.itrate lyase, malate synthase, eno.ase, pho.pho.no.pyruvate carbo.ylase, malate dehydro.enase, and pho.pho.lycerate mutase in the co.tro., KN-, and NPKS-treated but no. in the NPPK-treated peanut. These resulted to.decreased resveratro. co.tent (6.0 μg·g-1) in the co.tro. peanut but maximized it (1.15 mg·g-1) in the NPPK-treated peanut. Therefo.e, resveratro. accumulatio. was o.timized by co.pling o. glyco.ysis and citric-glyo.ylic acid cycles to.resveratro. bio.ynthesis. Fatty acid co.tent o. co.tro. (55.6 g·kg-1) was higher than the NPKS-treated (48.5 g·kg-1) and NPPK-treated peanut (44.9 g·kg-1) meaning that malo.yl-Co. intermediate in bo.h fatty acid and stilbeno.d pathways was diverted to.suppo.t maximum resveratro. bio.ynthesis in the NPPK-treated peanut. Co.clusio.: The functio.al co.pling o. citric-glyo.ylic acid cycles an

关键词： GC-MS Fatty Acids Glyco.ysis Glutamate Dehydro.enase mRNA Silencing Mineral Salt Antago.ism Resveratro. Synthase

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Purificatio. o. Active Pero.idase Iso.nzymes and Their Respo.ses to.Nitro.en Fertilizatio. and Ro.atio. o. Bio.ass So.ghum

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American Jo.rnal o. Plant Sciences 2012年第10期3卷 1422-1429页

作者： Jaso. P. Wight Frank M. Ho.s Sanique M. So.th godson o. osuji Bio.echno.o.y and Bio.hemistry Labo.ato.y CARC Prairie View A&M University Prairie View USA Department o. So.l and Cro. Sciences Texas A&M University College Station USA

Pero.idases (EC 1.***.1.7) participate in lignin bio.ynthesis. But pero.idatio. is no. a to.l fo. assaying ligno.ellulo.e metabo.ism because the active canno. yet be separated fro. the inactive pero.idases. A bio.hemical to.l fo. assaying plant cell wall respo.ses to.agro.o.ic practices is needed in the ligno.ellulo.ic feedsto.k renewable energy industry. Pero.idase o. bio.ass so.ghum was purified to.9 - 13 charge iso.ers by free so.utio. IEF (Ro.o.o.) technique. Free so.utio. IEF was mo.e effective than chro.ato.raphic purificatio. o. active pero.idase iso.nzymes. Native PAGE separated each charge iso.er to.three anio.ic and three catio.ic iso.nzymes. Hydro.en pero.ide and o.dianisidine assays sho.ed that o.ly 20% - 30% o. the iso.nzymes displayed no.mal Michaelis-Menten kinetics. So.ghum planted witho.t nitro.en fertilizatio. induced the hydro.en pero.ide no.co.petitive inhibitio. o. pero.idase, but 280 kg·ha–1 nitro.en fertilizatio. and 100% so.ghum mineral residue return to.the so.l tripled the co.centratio. o. active pero.idase and relieved the inhibitio. with co.co.itant increases o. 350 kg lignin and 3532 kg·cellulo.e·ha–1. Nitro.en fertilizatio. witho.t cro. ro.atio. induced hydro.en pero.ide inhibitio. o. the pero.idase, but nitro.en fertilizatio. and 25% so.ghum ro.atio. changed the PI o. the active pero.idase fro. neutral to.mildly acidic and relieved the inhibitio. with co.co.itant eno.mo.s increases o. 690 kg lignin and 7151 kg·cellulo.e·ha–1. Hydro.en pero.ide inhibitio. kinetics is co.sistent with the kno.n pero.idase-substrate intermediate dead-end co.plex fo.matio.. Ligno.ellulo.ic yield was greatest under the agro.o.ic management that co.bined 280 kg·ha–1 nitro.en fertilizer with 25% so.ghum residue, which resulted in a shift o. pI value o. the active pero.idase due to.a reductio. in the Km value o. the pero.idase. Therefo.e, up to.75% o. so.ghum bio.ass rather than o.ly 50% can be harvested fo. co.versio. to.bio.nergy pro.ucts.

关键词： o.ido.eductio. Iso.nzyme Patterns Inhibitio. by Hydro.en Pero.ide Ligno.ellulo.e Yield So.ghum-So.ghum Ro.atio.

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Do.bling o. cro. yield thro.gh permutatio. o. metabo.ic pathways

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Advances in Bio.cience and Bio.echno.o.y 2011年第5期2卷 364-379页

作者： godson o. osuji Tassin K. Bro.n Sanique M. So.th Justin C. Duncan Dwiesha Jo.nso. CARC Prairie View A & M University

Hunger and fo.d insecurity can be minimized by do.bling cro. yield witho.t increasing cultivated land area and fertilizer applied. Since plant breeding has no. genetically do.bled pho.o.ynthesis per unit leaf area, an appro.ch fo. do.bling cro. yield wo.ld be thro.gh a bio.echno.o.y that repro.rams metabo.ic pathways in favo. o. pho.o.ynthesis. The ancho. o. this bio.echno.o.y is glutamate dehydro.enase (GDH) including the RNAs it synthesizes. Peanut was treated with sto.chio.etric co.binatio.s o. mineral salt so.utio.s to.synchro.ize the GDH subunit po.ypeptides. Matured seeds were analyzed fo. fats by HPLC;the RNA bio.ynthetic activity o. GDH, and mRNAs enco.ing yield-specific enzymes by No.thern hybridizatio.. In the PK-treated peanut, the GDH-synthesized RNAs silenced the mRNAs enco.ing granule-bo.nd starch synthase, pho.pho.luco.utase (glyco.ysis), gluco.yltransferase (cellulo.e bio.ynthesis), and nitrate reductase leaving unaffected the mRNAs enco.ing acetylco.nzyme A carbo.ylase (fatty acid bio.ynthesis), pho.phate translo.ato., and NADH-glutamate synthase resulting to.do.ble seed (4342 kg/ha), cellulo.e (1829 kg/ha), and fat (1381 kg/ha) yields co.pared with the co.tro.s. Do.n-regulatio. o. pho.phate translo.ato. and acetylco.nzyme A carbo.ylase caused decreased po. yields. GDH-synthesized RNAs that were ho.o.o.o.s to.yield-specific mRNAs shared extensive plus/plus and plus/minus sequence similarities, and they repro.rammed metabo.ism by permuting the partially do.n-regulated, no. do.n-regulated, and do.n-regulated yield-specific pathways. Co.tro. peanut pro.uced 70, NPKS-treated pro.uced 420, NS-treated pro.uced 1680, and PK-treated pro.uced 280 pro.able rearrangements o. the pathways. Therefo.e, do.n-regulatio. o. metabo.ic reactio.s fo.lo.ed by permutatio. o. yield-related pathways, and redistributio. o. metabo.ite lo.d to.mo.ecularly co.nected pathways co.tro.s cro. yield. o.erating as efficient bio.eacto., peanut can be maximized to.10000 kg po./ha, mo.

关键词： Peanut Fatty Acid Bio.eacto. Glutamate Dehydro.enase Yield-Specific mRNAs

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Mo.ecular Adaptatio. o. Peanut Metabo.ic Pathways to.Wide Variatio.s o. Mineral Io. Co.po.itio. and Co.centratio.

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American Jo.rnal o. Plant Sciences 2012年第1期3卷 33-50页

作者： godson o. osuji Tassine K. Bro.n Sanique M. So.th Justin C. Duncan Dwiesha Jo.nso. Shanique Hyllam CARC Prairie View A & M University

Plant evo.utio., nutritio.al geno.ics, and mineral nutritio. have been well do.umented but no.studies have fo.used o. the mo.ecular adaptatio. o. cro. metabo.ism to.wide variatio.s o. mineral io. co.po.itio. and co.centratio.. Diversificatio. o. peanut species fro. primary centers o. do.esticatio. in So.th America depended o. metabo.ic adaptatio. to.the mineral io. co.ditio.s o. the newer habitats. Understanding the diversificatio. mo.ecular bio.o.y o. peanut metabo.ic pathways will permit the synthesis o. the best mineral io. co.binatio.s fo. do.bling Co. assimilatio.. Valencia and Virginia cultivars belo.g to.different subspecies o. the tetraplo.d Arachis hypo.aea. They were planted in the absence and presence o. up to.99 mM (equivalent to.166 mo.es per hectare) o. different mineral io.s. Mo.ecular pro.erties o. the primary metabo.ic pathways were studied by No.thern analyses using Valencia GDH-synthesized RNAs as pro.es fo. Virginia mRNA and GDH-synthesized RNAs. Messenger RNAs are silenced by ho.o.o.o.s RNAs synthesized by GDH. Peanut cellulo.e was analyzed by gravimetry;and fatty acids by HPLC. Co.plementary DNA pro.es made fro. Valencia GDH-synthesized RNAs hybridized perfectly to.Virginia mRNAs and GDH-synthesized RNAs. Wide variatio.s in mineral io. co.po.itio.s and co.centratio.s induced the GDHs o. Valencia and Virginia to.synthesize RNAs that differentially do.n-regulated the mRNAs enco.ing pho.phate translo.ato., granule-bo.nd starch synthase, pho.pho.luco.utase, gluco.yltransferase, acetyl Co. carbo.ylase, nitrate reductase, and NADH-glutamate synthase so.that the percent weights o. o.l (41.53 ± 8.75) and cellulo.e (30.29 ± 3.12) were similar in the co.tro. and mineral-treated peanuts. Therefo.e, RNA sequences that defined the mo.ecular adaptatio. o. mRNAs enco.ing the enzymes o. primary metabo.ism were the same in the varietal types o. A. hypo.aea, in agreement with genetic data suggesting that tetraplo.d Arachis evo.ved relatively recently fro. the wi

关键词： Glutamate Dehydro.enase-Synthesized RNA mRNA Silencing Pho.phate Translo.ato. Acetyl Co. Carbo.ylase Cellulo.ic Bio.ass No.thern Analysis HPLC Fatty Acids

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