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Drug Susceptibility Testing of Mycobacteria Isolated from Humans and Cattle from Selected Sites of Ethiopia

Journal of Tuberculosis Research 2014年第3期2卷 125-131页

作者： Mekonnen Tadesse gobena ameni Kassu Desta Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa Ethiopia Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa Ethiopia Mailman School of Public Health-ICAP in Ethiopia Columbia University Addis Ababa Ethiopia

Background: The effectiveness of a standard anti-tuberculosis (TB) treatment regimen correlates with in vitro drug susceptibility pattern of the infecting tubercle bacilli. The results of the drug susceptibility tests help select a proper treatment regimen or modify treatment regimen for a better management of patients and surveillance and timely control of the spread of the drug resistant TB in the community. Treatment of drug resistant TB is costly, and the outcomes, including survivorship, can be poor. As the result, the drug susceptibility test has become more important than ever. Objective: To determine the drug-susceptibility pattern of M. tuberculosis and M. bovis isolated from selected sites of Ethiopia. Methods: The conventional indirect Löwenstein-Jensen (L-J) proportion method was used to detect the drug susceptibility pattern of 29 isolates of M. tuberculosis and 21 isolates of M. bovis to four anti-TB drugs (streptomycin, rifampicin, isoniazid and ethambutol). Results: Resistance was observed only in M. tuberculosis isolates while all isolates of M. bovis were fully susceptible to the four drugs. Thus, the overall resistance of M. tubeculosis isolates to any of the four drugs was 51.7%. As such, any type of drug resistance was most frequent to streptomycin (41.3%) followed by isoniazid (20.6%) while it was minimal to rifampicin (6.8%) and ethambutol (3.4%). Multidrug resistant TB (MDR-TB) was not detected in the study. Conclusion: This preliminary study showed high level of resistance in M. tuberculosis isolates warranting appropriate use of anti-TB drugs in those sites from where the isolates were obtained.

关键词： M. tuberculosis M. bovis Drug Resistance Tuberculosis

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Evaluation of berries of Phytolacca dodecandra for growth inhibition of Histoplasma capsulatum *** and treatment of cases of epizootic lymphangitis in Ethiopia

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2012年第7期2卷 505-510页

作者： Negesse Mekonnen Eyasu Makonnen Nigatu Aklilu gobena ameni Department of Pharmacology School of MedicineAddis Ababa University Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology Addis Ababa University Society for the Protection of Animals Abroad(SPANA) School of Veterinary MedicineAddis Ababa University

Objective:To evaluate the berries of Phytolacca dodecundra(***) for its effect on Histoplasma cupsulatum ***(HCF) and for the treatment of cases of epizootic lymphangitis(***:Samples were collected from un-ruptured nodules of cases of EL at Debre Zeit and Akaki(central Ethiopia).Mycologieal culture and isolation of HCF were performed at the Akliln Lemma Institute of *** screening was done for n-butanol extract of *** to delect alkaloids,saponins,phenolic compounds and *** minimum inhibitory concentrations(MICs) and minimum fungicidal concentrations(MFCs) ol aqueous and n-butanol extracts of *** against FICF were determined by agar dilution *** the in vivo trial.5%simple ointment was prepared from n-butanol extract and applied topically to 24(twelve early and twelve moderate) cases of ***:Phytochemical screening showed that n-butanol extract ol *** was positive lor *** and phenolic compounds but negative for *** MFCs of n-butanol and aqueous extracts of *** were(0.039%-0.078%) and(0.625%-1.250%),*** MFCs of n-butanol and aqueous extracts of *** were(0.078%t-0.156%)and(1.250%-2.500%),*** MIC and MFC of ketoconazole(positive control) was(1.200×10^(-5)%-2.500×10^(-5)%) and(5.000× 10^(-5)%-1.000×10^(-4)%),respectively while growth was observed on free medium(negative control).From the total of 24 treated cases of EL,14(58.3%) responded lo treatment;however,10(41.7%) did not respond to *** was no significant difference in the degree of response to treatment between early and moderate cases(χ~2=0.086:P=***:It can be concluded that n-butanol extract of *** demonstrates antifungal effects while the aqueous extract shows no antifungal activity.

关键词： Epizootic lymphangitis Phytolacca dodecandra Histoplasma capsulatum var.farciminosum Minimum inhibitory concentration Minimum fungicidal concentration Phytochemical screening Antifungal activity Agar dilution assay Mycological culture In vivo trial Contagious disease Chronic disease Lymphangitis

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Risk factors for Blastocystis infection in HIV/AIDS patients with highly active antiretroviral therapy in Southwest China

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2019年第5期8卷 83-90页

作者： Shun-Xian Zhang Fen-yan Kang Jia-Xu Chen Li-Guang Tian Lan-Lan Geng Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical CenterGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510623People's Republic of China Department of Gastroenterology Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical CenterGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510623People's Republic of China The Gansu Center for Disease Control and Prevention Lanzhou 730000 People's Republic of China National Institute of Parasitic Diseases Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionShanghai 200025People's Republic of China Key Laboratory for Parasitology and Vector Biology MOH of ChinaWHO Collaborating Center for Topical DiseasesNational Center for International Research on Tropical DiseasesShanghai 20025People's Republic of China

Background:Blastocystis is a widespread zoonotic protozoan of mammalian species,especially in HIV/AIDS *** aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence and risk factors related with Blastocystis infection among HIV/AIDS patients in Southwest ***:The cross-sectional study was performed in 311 HIV/AIDS cases in Tengchong City,Yunnan Province from July 2016 to March *** each subject,stool specimen was collected to detect the Blastocystis,and the blood sample was used to detect HIV virus load and CD4+T cell count,in addition,structured questionnaire was used to collect the basic information and risk ***:The result showed that the detection rate of Blastocystis was 3.86%(95%CI:2.22-6.62)among HIV/AIDS *** raising animal(OR=12.93,95%CI:1,54-108.36)and drinking un-boiled water(OR=8A7,95%CI:1.76-37.90)were risk factors for Blastocystis infection in HIV/AIDS *** addition,the interaction of CD4^+T cell count and HIV virus load was also contribution to Blastocystis infection(P=0.007).Conclusions:A high prevalence of Blastocystis infection was found in HIV/AIDS patients in *** hygienic habits,the interaction of HIV virus load and CD4^+T cell count were identified as main risk factors for *** results will help us to develop efficient control strategies to intervene with and prevent the occurrence of Blastocystis among HIV-infected individuals.

关键词： Blastocystis HIV/AIDS Co-infection Risk factor Interaction

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