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当代外语研究 1998年第10期 16-18页

作者： Mike cooper 吕美娟

我一直是贵刊的热心读者。贵刊在1997年第7期发表了余皑媛选译的“Mom,I Want to Live with My Boyfriend”、作为一个“小女初长成”的母亲,我读了之后,久久不能平静,甚至还掉下了伤心的泪水。女儿在外地读大学,回来度暑假,我同自己... 详细信息

我一直是贵刊的热心读者。贵刊在1997年第7期发表了余皑媛选译的“Mom,I Want to Live with My Boyfriend”、作为一个“小女初长成”的母亲,我读了之后,久久不能平静,甚至还掉下了伤心的泪水。女儿在外地读大学,回来度暑假,我同自己的女儿促膝长谈,希望她从该文中记取有益的东西,让生活的风帆永远高高升起。今年第5期的《科技英语学习》又刊登了Rosemary Adang的“关于美国女学生未婚先孕的问题”的文章,我也浮想联翩,觉得中国和美国的国情大异,而中国人的许多传统美德是我们民族的源远流长的精神财富,我们应该永远继承和发扬下去。今日,我在Internet上读到了美国中学生的“性况”,惊讶之余,觉得文章信息丰富可靠。有必要让国人知道此真情。作为贵刊前两篇文章的续篇,我寄上加注的全文。望借贵刊一隅刊登。

关键词： school says Fewer High school students Having sex

Genetically-engineered pig-to-human organ transplantation:a new beginning

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science Bulletin 2022年第18期67卷 1827-1829页

作者： Xuan Zhang David K.C.cooper Kefeng Dou Department of Hepatobiliary surgery Xijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi’an 710032China Center for Transplantation sciences Department of SurgeryMassachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical SchoolBoston 02114USA

There has been a continuing inadequate number of human organs for the treatment of patients with terminal organ failure *** transplantation of organs from genetically engineered pigs may prove an alternative solution[1].In recent years,great progress has been made in pig-to-nonhuman primate(NHP)organ transplantation models(Table s1 online).

关键词：器官移植 organs 1]

Heart and ventilatory measures in crayfish during copulation

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Open Journal of Molecular and Integrative Physiology 2011年第3期1卷 36-42页

作者： Richard M. cooper Heidi schapker Finucane Megan Adami Robin L. cooper 不详

Monitoring heart rate (HR) and ventilatory rate (VR) during defined sensory stimuli and during aggressive and submissive social interactions has provided additional information of a crayfish's physiological state which is not achieved by behavioral observations. In this study, the HR and VR of crayfish were monitored before, during and after the act of copulation in both heterosexual partners. The female crayfish abruptly reduces HR and VR during copulation but the male maintains HR and VR. After separation from copulation the female HR and VR are elevated, potentially paying back the O2 debt. The tight relationship with HR and VR in direction of change indicates a potential neural coupling. These physiological changes in cardiac and respiratory systems suggest an autonomic-like regulation of HR and VR. How these neuronal functions are driven and regulated remains to be determined. Olfactory cues from the female to the male during copulation may be reduced by the reduction in VR in the female. These studies offer experimental paradigms for future neuronal and pharmacological investigations into autonomic regulation of HR and VR as well as the neural circuitry involved.

关键词： Crayfish Copulation Heart Rate Autonomic

Considerations in Dealing with Ethical Conflict Encountered in Healthcare Reform: Perceptions of Nurse Leaders

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Open Journal of Nursing 2014年第10期4卷 695-704页

作者： Robert cooper Garry Frank Cherry shogren College of Business and Public Administration Drake University Des Moines USA Professional Development Unity Point Health—Des Moines Des Moines USA

With the nursing profession continuing to face an array of ethical issues, the article reports the findings of a survey of members of the American Organization of Nurse Executives conducted in 2012 to determine the extent to which nurse leaders at different organization levels perceive various factors in their personal, professional and organizational environments to be helpful in resolving ethical dilemmas. After their personal values, nurse leaders perceive factors related to their organization to be more helpful than those related to their profession, including, among others, the American Nurses Association Code of Ethics. The two highest rated business-related factors deal with the absence of pressure to compromise one’s own ethical standards which suggests that one way healthcare organizations can assist nurses and their leaders is by neither explicitly nor implicitly pressuring them to go against their own ethical values. Other key factors related to the organization include formal organizational factors such as the existence of an ethics committee or a person to whom unethical activity can be reported as well as more informal factors related to organizational climate such as the actions and responsiveness of one’s immediate boss, the ability to go beyond one’s boss if necessary, the organizational culture, management philosophy, and management’s communication of appropriate ethical behavior. Comparison of the findings of the 2012 survey with those of a similar study conducted in 2000 indicated the four factors perceived as most helpful in both studies were identical with the same rank order and the top-10 factors were identical with some differences in ranking. Further analysis indicated the relative degree of helpfulness of the 17 help factors common to both studies was perceived by responding nurse leaders as quite similar overall. The authors also discuss the implications for the profession and the healthcare industry today and in the future.

关键词： Ethical Culture Ethics Committee Nursing Ethics Patient satisfaction Quality of Care

*** Drop In smoking by Pregnant Women

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当代外语研究 1999年第11期 18-20页

作者： Mike cooper 王道林

本文的标题值得品位一番,一个动词sees用得绝妙。这种在英语中颇为流行的非人称主语名式(Impersonal subject sentence)往往不能在翻译时照搬到汉语中去。如此标题就不能译:美国看见了孕妇吸烟现象减少。言归正传。孕妇吸烟,其害无穷... 详细信息

本文的标题值得品位一番,一个动词sees用得绝妙。这种在英语中颇为流行的非人称主语名式(Impersonal subject sentence)往往不能在翻译时照搬到汉语中去。如此标题就不能译:美国看见了孕妇吸烟现象减少。言归正传。孕妇吸烟,其害无穷。美国的孕妇在“宣传攻势”的影响下,吸烟者日趋减少。本文虽没有详细议论孕妇吸烟的危害,但是,其中的许多信息却足以让读者认识到孕妇吸烟,为害之烈。由于妊娠时大量吸烟,胎儿处于低氧状态,将直接导致胎儿出生时体重下降。此外,吸烟还可能影响孩子的智力,为孩子将来可能出现各种癌症埋下祸根。女性吸烟,在我国似有渐成时尚之势。有些烟草商推出了低焦油、低尼古丁的所谓清淡型香烟,但是除了尼古丁之外,香烟中的其他化学物质和致癌物质依然存在。而且,这类香烟中由于增加了氨的含量,将会促进人体对尼古丁的吸收。

关键词：尼古丁 CDC U.s.sees Drop In smoking by Pregnant Women

The Beginning of the Road to Recovery？

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国际经济合作 2008年第10期 1-1页

作者： James.cooper

In this most convulsive and confus- ing time in modern American finance, one point stands out: Credit market fail- ure has pushed the economy to the edge, and policymakers are scrambling to pull it back. When investors began to flee the heretofore safe harbor of money-market funds in favor of Treasury bills that guar- anteed a mere 0.04% return, it was plain that confidence in the financial system was breaking down. The government's ad hoc approach, intended to prevent failing institutions from collapsing the system, was not working. Now, amid Depression-era analogies, Washington is assembling a＄700 billion plan to shore up the markets and rescue the economy.

关键词：美国经济系统金融系统经济发展

WOODY VEGETATION AND DEBRIs FOR IN-CHANNEL sEDIMENT CONTROL

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International Journal of sediment Research 2000年第1期15卷 83-92页

作者： F. Douglas shields Jr. and C. M. cooper(Research Hydraulic Engineer and supervisory Research Ecologist, respectively, U.s. Department of Agriculture,Agricultural Research service, National sedimentation Laboratory, Oxford Mississippi 38655-1157,shields s

Large woody debris and woody vegetation can exert a major influence on channel hydraulics and morphology, particularly in smaller (＜30 m wide) streams. Although debris and vegetation have long been used for channel erosion and sedimentation control, scientifically-based guidelines for designers are scarce. Recent advances in understanding vegetative effects on flow and sediment transport are reviewed. The effects of vegetation on the flow field leads to enhanced deposition within and adjacent to vegetated zones, and possibly erosion *** factors must be carefully evaluated when designing vegetative treatments.

关键词： Woody debris Woody vegetation Channel erosion control sedimentation control

The discovery of T–B cell lineages:An interview with Professor Max D cooper

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hLife 2023年第1期1卷 3-7页

作者： Chen Dong Max D cooper shanghai Immune Therapy Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina Institute for Immunology Tsinghua UniversityBeijingChina school of Medicine Emory UniversityGeorgiaUSA

In the early 1960s,despite a general understanding of antibodies and immunoglobulins,their source and their relationship with anti-infection immunity remained largely ***,this changed with the groundbreaking discoveries of *** D cooper,professor at Emory University school of *** the 1960s,*** D cooper discovered the existence of two different lymphoid lineages,B and T cells,which are now widely recognized as the cornerstone components of the adaptive immune system.B and T cells are responsible for humoral and cellular immunity,*** discovery served as the foundation of modern ***,*** D cooper shares his inspiring journey,from career choice to research experiences,as well as offering sage advice to aspiring immunologists.

关键词： cooper Max immunity

美国麻醉患者安全发展史是否对中国麻醉有借鉴作用？

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中华麻醉学杂志 2017年第8期37卷 897-901页

作者： Jeffrey B. cooper 麻省总医院麻醉-危重症-疼痛科美国波士顿02129

麻醉学主要关注患者安全问题，无论在美国还是中国，麻醉医生都将“无一例患者受到麻醉伤害”作为奋力追求的终极目标。本文简要介绍了美国患者麻醉安全发展史及经验和思路，通过抛砖引玉，引发中国麻醉医生进一步思考和关注麻醉患者安... 详细信息

麻醉学主要关注患者安全问题，无论在美国还是中国，麻醉医生都将“无一例患者受到麻醉伤害”作为奋力追求的终极目标。本文简要介绍了美国患者麻醉安全发展史及经验和思路，通过抛砖引玉，引发中国麻醉医生进一步思考和关注麻醉患者安全问题，从而有益于患者围术期转归和麻醉学科发展。本文主要围绕5个方面展开述评：阐述美国麻醉学界如何深刻认识患者安全的重要性；介绍有利于麻醉患者安全的措施；介绍近期美国及其他地区有关麻醉患者安全的提议；列举加强围术期护理文化理念的其他措施；特别就每位麻醉医生如何直接提高患者安全给出了一些建议。

关键词：麻醉学安全管理