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二氯甲烷对人类健康的影响:主要研究发现和科学问题

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环境与职业医学 2015年第6期32卷 596-596页

作者： Paul M.schlosser Ambuja s.Bale Catherine F.Gibbons Amina Wilkins glinda s.cooper

[背景]美国EPA的综合风险信息系统(IRIs)在2011年11月完成了对二氯甲烷毒理学综述的更新。[目的]本述评总结了这一综述中的主要结果和关键问题,包括暴露来源、识别潜在的健康影响和更新的基于生理学的药代动力学(PBPK)建模方法。[方法]... 详细信息

[背景]美国EPA的综合风险信息系统(IRIs)在2011年11月完成了对二氯甲烷毒理学综述的更新。[目的]本述评总结了这一综述中的主要结果和关键问题,包括暴露来源、识别潜在的健康影响和更新的基于生理学的药代动力学(PBPK)建模方法。[方法]对基础研究进行全面回顾,并对PBPK模型进行评价。[讨论]在若干经口和吸入暴露的动物研究中发现了肝脏毒性;神经系统的影响也是需要关注的潜在研究领域。二氯甲烷被列为可能对人类具有致癌性,其主要的证据基础是在雄性和雌性B6C3F1小鼠(吸入暴露)的两个部位(肝和肺)和雄性B6C3F1小鼠(饮用水暴露)的一个部位具有致癌作用。最近有关二氯甲烷的流行病学研究(2000年以来发表的7篇造血系统癌症研究)提供了更多的数据,增加了人们对其与非霍奇金淋巴瘤和多发性骨髓瘤之间关联的关注。虽然数据库中仍存在诸多信息缺口,比如二氯甲烷基因毒性(即体内靶组织中的DNA加合物的形成和基因突变),DNA损伤测定的阳性结果与组织和/或物种谷胱甘肽-s-转移酶(GsT)代谢活性的获得能力之间的关联,以及二氯甲烷诱发癌症的关键激活途径。IRIs评估中的创新之处在于专门针对推测的敏感基因型(GsT-theta-1+/+)估计癌症风险,以及在PBPK建模中考虑生理学分布,该分布基于6个月至80岁所有个体的期望分布。[结论]2011年IRIs的二氯甲烷评估提供了对这一常用溶剂毒性的新认识。

关键词：氯甲烷非霍奇金淋巴瘤激活途径多发性骨髓瘤癌症研究流行病学研究综合风险常用溶剂基因毒性证据基础

Risk prediction of advanced colorectal neoplasia varies by race and neighbourhood socioeconomic status

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Family Medicine and Community Health 2024年第S2期12卷 26-33页

作者： Xiangqing sun Zhengyi Chen Gregory s.cooper Nathan A Berger Claudia Coulton Li Li Department of Family Medicine University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVirginiaUSA Department of Population and Quantitative Health sciences Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhioUSA University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center ClevelandOhioUSA Case Comprehensive Cancer Center ClevelandOhioUSA Jack Joseph and Morton Mandel School of Applied Social SciencesCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhioUSA

Objective Neighbourhood deprivation increases the risk of colorectal neoplasia and contributes to racial disparities observed in this *** race-specific advanced colorectal neoplasia(ACN)prediction models that include neighbourhood socioeconomic status has the potential to improve the accuracy of *** The study includes 1457 European Americans(EAs)and 936 African Americans(AAs)aged 50–80 years undergoing screening ***-specific ACN risk prediction models were developed for EAs and AAs,*** Deprivation Index(ADI),derived from 17 variables of neighbourhood socioeconomic status,was evaluated by adding it to the ACN risk prediction *** accuracy was evaluated by concordance statistic(C-statistic)for discrimination and Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test for *** With fewer predictors,the EA-specific and AA-specific prediction models had better prediction accuracy in the corresponding race/ethnic subpopulation than the overall *** with the overall model which had poor calibration(P_(Calibration)=0.053 in the whole population and P_(Calibration)=0.011 in AAs),the EA model had C-statistic of 0.655(95%CI 0.594 to 0.717)and P_(Calibration)=0.663;and the AA model had C-statistic of 0.637((95%CI 0.572 to 0.702)and P_(Calibration)=*** was a significant predictor of ACN in EAs(OR=1.24((95%CI 1.03 to 1.50),P=0.029),but not in AAs(OR=1.07((95%CI 0.89 to 1.28),P=0.487).Adding ADI to the EA-specific ACN prediction model substantially improved ACN calibration accuracy of the prediction across area deprivation groups(P_(Calibration)=0.924 with ADI vs P_(Calibration)=0.140 without ADI)in *** Neighbourhood socioeconomic status is an important factor to consider in ACN risk prediction ***,non-race-specific prediction models have poor ***-specific prediction models incorporating neighbourhood socioeconomic factors are needed to improve ACN predicti

关键词： colorectal neoplasia prediction

Customized scaffolds for large bone defects using 3D‑printed modular blocks from 2D‑medical images

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Bio-Design and Manufacturing 2024年第1期7卷 74-87页

作者： Anil AAcar Evangelos Daskalakis Paulo Bartolo Andrew Weightman Glen cooper Gordon Blunn Bahattin Koc Faculty of Engineering and Natural sciences Sabanci UniversityIstanbul 34956Türkiye D Bioprinting Laboratory Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application CenterIstanbul 34956Türkiye school of Mechanical Aerospace and Civil EngineeringManchester Institute of BiotechnologyUniversity of ManchesterManchester M139PLUK singapore Centre for 3D Printing School of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 639798Singapore school of Pharmacy and Biomedical sciences University of PortsmouthPortsmouth PO12UPUK

Additive manufacturing(AM)has revolutionized the design and manufacturing of patient-specific,three-dimensional(3D),complex porous structures known as scaffolds for tissue engineering *** use of advanced image acquisition techniques,image processing,and computer-aided design methods has enabled the precise design and additive manufacturing of anatomically correct and patient-specific implants and ***,these sophisticated techniques can be timeconsuming,labor-intensive,and ***,the necessary imaging and manufacturing equipment may not be readily available when urgent treatment is needed for trauma *** this study,a novel design and AM methods are proposed for the development of modular and customizable scaffold blocks that can be adapted to fit the bone defect area of a *** modular scaffold blocks can be combined to quickly form any patient-specific scaffold directly from two-dimensional(2D)medical images when the surgeon lacks access to a 3D printer or cannot wait for lengthy 3D imaging,modeling,and 3D printing during *** proposed method begins with developing a bone surface-modeling algorithm that reconstructs a model of the patient’s bone from 2D medical image measurements without the need for expensive 3D medical imaging or *** algorithm can generate both patient-specific and average bone ***,a biomimetic continuous path planning method is developed for the additive manufacturing of scaffolds,allowing porous scaffold blocks with the desired biomechanical properties to be manufactured directly from 2D data or *** algorithms are implemented,and the designed scaffold blocks are 3D printed using an extrusion-based AM *** and instructions are also provided to assist surgeons in assembling scaffold blocks for the self-repair of patient-specific large bone defects.

关键词： Additive manufacturing Modular scaffolds Large bone defect Customized scaffold design Patient-specific scaffolds

Natural parasites in conjunction with behavioral and color traits explain male agonistic behaviors in a lizard

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Current Zoology 2024年第1期70卷 59-69页

作者： Rodrigo Megia-Palma Dhanashree Paranjpe Robert D.cooper Pauline Blaimont Barry sinervo Department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology Parasitology UnitUniversidad de Alcala(UAH)E-28805Alcala de HenaresSpain CIBio Centro de Investigagao em Biodiversidade e Recursos GeneticosInBIO Laboratorio AssociadoCampus de VairaoUniversidade do PortoP-4485-661 VairaoPortugal BIOPOLIs Program in Genomics Biodiversity and Land PlanningCIBIOCampus de VairaoP-4485-661 VairaoPortugal Rupa Rahul Bajaj Center for Environment and Art Empress Botanical GardensKavade MalaPuneIndia Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90095USA Department of Biology University of Houston Downtown1Main St.HoustonTX 77002USA Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of CaliforniaSanta CruzCA 95064USA

Male competition conforms to a cost-benefit model,because while aggression may increase reproductive prospects,it can also increase the risk of *** hypothesize that an additional cost in aggressive males would be an increase in parasite load associated with a high energy investment into sexual *** of these infections,in turn,may downmodulate the level of host aggression via energetic *** staged dyadic male contests in the lab to investigate the relationships of multiple parasites with the agonistic behavior of lizard hosts,sceloporus *** also included both color and behavioral traits from opponents in the analyses because(1)color patches of lizards may serve as intraspecific signals used by conspecifics to assess the quality of opponents,and(2)contests between male lizards fit classical models of escalated aggression,where lizards increase aggression displays in response to an opponent's *** results conform to our hypothesis because male lizards displayed more pushups when they had more ***,some parasites may modulate the levels of aggression because lizards infected by hematic coccidians performed fewer ***,lizards also displayed fewer pushups when both the chroma and size of the opponent's blue patch were *** results thus also supported the role of the blue patch of *** as a sexual armament,because it contributed to the deterrence of aggression from opponent *** revealed that natural parasitic infections in lizard hosts can contribute to their agonistic *** encourage future studies to account for parasites in behavioral testswithlizards.

关键词： Ixodes pacificus Lankesterella sexual selection social interactions ticks

Near-surface soil Chemical Properties as Affected by Cover Crops Over Time in the Lower Mississippi River Valley

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Agricultural sciences 2024年第9期15卷 1035-1056页

作者： cooper Fanning Kristofor R. Brye Michael B. Daniels Trenton L. Roberts samuel Fernandes Lisa s. Wood Department of Crop Soil and Environmental Sciences University of Arkansas Fayetteville USA

Typical row-crop agricultural practices can potentially be harmful to soil health and future sustainability. The use of cover crops (CC) as a mechanism to improve soil health on a wide scale remains underutilized. soil health remains a major concern for the sustainability of agricultural productivity, therefore, research into CC implementation as a mean to preserve or improve soil health is warranted. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of CC on the soils in the eastern Arkansas portion of the Lower Mississippi River Valley (LMRV) over time for various chemical soil parameters, including pH, soil organic matter (sOM), soil elemental contents (i.e., P, K, Ca, Mg, s, Na, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, and B), soil respiration, and a generalized soil health score index. soil pH decreased over time under both CC and no-cover-crop (NCC) treatments, by −0.3 and −0.2, respectively. soil OM decreased over time under NCC by −0.1%, but did not differ between CC treatments. soil N availability decreased over time under NCC (−22.6 kg·ha−1), but did not change over time under CC. soil respiration decreased over time under both CC and NCC, by −76.1 mg·L−1 and −77.3 mg·L−1, respectively, though there was no effect of CC treatment. The Haney soil health score index decreased under CC (−7.0) and NCC (−6.8) without an effect from CC treatment. Results of the study place emphasis on the temporal nature of soil health as influenced by cover crops and their potential to improve soil health.

关键词： Arkansas Cover Crops soil Properties soil Organic Matter soil Health score

survival in men older than 75 years with low- and intermediate-grade prostate cancer managed with watchful waiting with active surveillance

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Family Medicine and Community Health 2015年第3期3卷 25-36页

作者： Tzuyung D.Kou siran M.Koroukian Pingfu Fu Derek Raghavan Gregory s.cooper Li Li Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Case Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOHUSA Case Comprehensive Cancer Center Case Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOHUSA Levine Cancer Institute Carolinas Healthcare SystemCharlotteNCUSA Department of Family Medicine-Research Division Case Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOHUSA

Objective:Recent studies have reported the underuse of active surveillance or watchful wait-ing for low-risk prostate cancer in the United *** study examined prostate cancer-specific and all-cause death in elderly patients older than 75 years with low-risk tumors managed with active treatment versus watchful waiting with active surveillance(WWAs).Methods:We performed survival analysis in a cohort of 18,599 men with low-risk tumors(early and localized tumors)who were 75 years or older at the time of prostate cancer diagnosis in the linked surveillance,Epidemiology,and End Results(sEER)-Medicare database(from 1992 to 1998)and who were followed up through December *** was defined as having an-nual screening for prostate-specific antigen and/or digital rectal examination during the follow-up *** risks of prostate cancer-specific and all-cause death were compared by Cox regression *** propensity score matching technique was used to address potential selection ***:In patients with well-differentiated(Gleason score 2-4)and localized disease,those managed with WWAs without delayed treatment had higher risk of all-cause death(hazard ratio 1.20,95%confidence interval 1.13-1.28)but a substantially lower risk of prostate cancer-specific death(hazard ratio 0.62,confidence interval 0.51-0.75)than patients undergoing active *** managed with WWAs with delayed treatment had comparable mortality ***-tivity analyses based on propensity score matching yielded similar ***:In men older than 75 years with well-differentiated and localized prostate cancer,WWAs without delayed treatment had a lower risk of prostate cancer-specific death and compa-rable all-cause death as compared with active *** patients in whom treatment was delayed had comparable mortality *** results support WWAs as an initial management option for older men with well-differentiated and localized prostate cancer.

关键词： Epidemiology watchful waiting prostate cancer

Use of prostate-specific antigen testing in Medicare beneficiaries:Association with previous evaluation

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Family Medicine and Community Health 2017年第2期5卷 109-118页

作者： Gregory s.cooper Tzuyung Doug Kou Mark D.schluchter Avi Dor siran M.Koroukian simon P.Kim Division of Gastroenterology University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center11100 Euclid Ave.ClevelandOH 44106USA Department of Urology University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center11100 Euclid Ave.ClevelandOH 44106USA Case Comprehensive Cancer Center Wearn BuildingCase Western Reserve University11100 Euclid Ave.ClevelandOH 44106USA Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of MedicineWood BuildingCase Western Reserve University10900 Euclid Ave.ClevelandOH 44106USA Department of Health Policy and Management Milken Institute School of Public HealthGeorge Washington University950 New Hampshire Ave.NWWashingtonDC 20052USA

Objective:Determine uptake of prostate-specific antigen(PsA)testing in Medicare benefi-ciaries according to previous receipt of PsA ***:A 5%random sample of men aged 67 years or older without a previous diagnosis of prostate cancer was identified through 2009-2012 Medicare *** measured the annualized frequency of PsA screening among men due for PsA testing,stratified by PsA testing use in the previous 2 years,and clustered by ordering ***:Throughout the study period,PsA testing use was consistently higher for men with previous screening than for men without previous *** men without previous screening,there was a decline in testing that was most pronounced in *** with 2009,the cor-responding odds ratios were 0.98[95%confidence interval(CI)(0.96-1.00)]in 2010,0.94[95%CI(0.92-0.95)]in 2011,and 0.66[95%CI(0.65-0.68)]in *** contrast,for men with previous screening,PsA testing frequency was stable from 2009 to 2011,and declined to a lesser extent in 2012[odds ratio 0.80,95%CI(0.79-0.81)].Conclusion:Receipt of PsA testing is highly dependent on whether an individual was tested in the recent *** previously unscreened men,the largest decrease occurred in 2012,which may reflect in part the publication of Us Preventive services Task Force guidelines,but there was much less impact among men already being screened.

关键词： Prostate-specific antigen Medicare mass screening clinical practice patterns

Non-Uniformity and Generalised sacks splitting

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Acta Mathematica sinica,English series 2002年第2期18卷 327-334页

作者： cooper s.Barry Department of Pure Mathematics School of Mathematics University of Leeds Leeds UK Institute of software Chines Academy of Sciences Beijing P. R. China

We show that there do not exist computable fimetions f_1(e,i).f_2(e,i).g_1(e,i),g_2(e,i)such that for all e,i ∈ω, (1)(W_(f_1)(e,i)-W_(f_2)(e,i))≤T(W_e-W_1): (2)(W_(g_1)(e,i)-W_(g_2)(e,i))≤T(W_e-W_i): (3)(W_w-W_i)≤T(W_(f_1)(e,i)-W_(f_2)(e,i))⊕(W_(g_1)(e,i)-W_(g_2)(e,i)): (4)(W_e-W_i)T(W_(f_1)(e,i)-W_(f_2)(e,i))uuless(W_e-W_i)≤T:and (5)(W_e-W_i)T(E_(g_1)(e,i)-W_(g_2)(e,i))unless(W_w-W_i)≤T. It follows that the splitting theorems of sacks and cooper cannot be combined uniformly.

关键词： Computably enumerable(c.e.) Difference of computably enumerable sets(d.c.e.,or 2-c.e.) Turing degrees splitting and nonsplitting

splitting and cone avoidance in the D.C.E. degrees

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science China Mathematics 2002年第9期45卷 1135-1146页

作者：李昂生 s.B.cooper Department of Pure Mathematics School of Mathematics University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT United Kingdom Institute of software Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China

It is shown that the cooper splitting theorem for the n-c.e. degrees is not compatible with cone avoidance: For any n > 1, there exist n-c.e. degree a, c.e. degree b such that 0 < b < a and such that for any n-c.e. de... 详细信息

It is shown that the cooper splitting theorem for the n-c.e. degrees is not compatible with cone avoidance: For any n > 1, there exist n-c.e. degree a, c.e. degree b such that 0 such that for any n-c.e. degrees x,y, if x ∨ y = a, then either b ≤ x or b ≤ y. This provides a new type of elementary difference between the classes of c.e. and d.c.e. degrees, implementable at lower levels of the high/low hierarchy.

关键词： cooper splitting theorem, cone avoidance.