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Effects of the support material addition on the hydrodynamic behavior of an anaerobic expanded granular sludge bed reactor

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第4期29卷 224-230页

作者： Tania Pérez-Pérez gleyce teixeira correia Wu Hong Kwong Ileana Pereda-Reyes Deny Oliva-Merencio Marcelo Zaiat Institute of Animal Science San Jose de las Lajas Mayabeque Cuba Department of Chemical Engineering Federal University of Sao Carlos Brazil Process Engineering Centre Instituto Superior Politecnico Jose Antonio Echeverria (Cujae) 11901 114 Street Marianao Havana Cuba Study Centre of Renevaable Energy Technologies Instituto Superior Politecnico rose Antonio Echeverria (Cujae) 11901 114 Street Marianao Havana Cuba Biological Processes Laboratory Center for Research Development and Innovation in Environmental Engineering Sao Carlos School of Engineering University of Sao Paulo Engenharia Ambiental - Bloco 4-F Av. Joao Dagnone 17.00 - Santa Angelina 13.563-120 Sao Carlos SP Brazil

As a support material, zeolite can be used to promote the granulation process due to its high settable property and the ability to retain biomass on its surface. The present paper reports on the influence of zeolite addition on the hydrodynamic behavior of an expanded granular sludge bed reactor（EGSB）. Different models were applied to fit the flow pattern and to compare EGSB hydrodynamic performance with and without the addition of zeolite. The experimental data fit the tanks in a series model for zeolite bed height of 5 cm and upflow velocity of 6 m/*** axial dispersion degree（D/uL） was obtained at lower heights of zeolite. The real hydraulic retention time（HRTr） was increased with both increased zeolite bed height and increased upflow velocity. The short-circuit results for 5 cm of zeolite bed and 6, 8 and 10 m/hr upflow velocity were 0.3, 0.24 and 0.19 respectively, demonstrating the feasibility of using zeolite for a proper hydrodynamic environment to operate the EGSB reactor. The presence of zeolite resulted in the higher percentage values of dead zones, ranging from 12% to 24%.Zeolite addition exerted a positive effect on the hydrodynamics pattern for this technology being advantageous for the anaerobic process because of its possible contribution to better biofilm agglomeration, granule formation and substrate-microorganism contact.

关键词： Anaerobic digestion Axial dispersion degree EGSB reactor Hydrodynamics Upflow velocity Zeolite

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Mathematical Modeling of the Hydrodynamics of an EGSB Reactor

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Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 2014年第6期8卷 602-610页

作者： gleyce teixeira correia Tania Pérez-Pérez Ileana Pereda-Reyes Deny Oliva Merencio Marcelo Zaiat Wu Hong Kwong Department of Chemical Engineering Federal University of Sao Carlos Sao Carlos 13565-905 Brazil Institute of Animal Science Mayabeque 32700 Cuba Study Center of Process Engineering Instituto Superior Politécnico "José Antonio Eeheverria " Havana 19390 Cuba Study Center of Renewable Energy Technologies lnstituto Superior Politécnico "José Antonio Echeverria " Havana 19390 Cuba Department of Hydraulic and Sanitation School of Engineering of Sao Carlos University of Sao Paulo Sao Carlos 13563-120 Brazil

Generally, in the literature, the hydrodynamic behavior of an EGSB (expanded granular sludge bed) reactor is considered as a complete mix reactor. Few works study in detail the flow of such reactors. The aim of this work was to study, in detail, the hydrodynamics of an EGSB reactor and to propose a mathematical model to describe its flow. A 3.04 L reactor was used with HRT (hydraulic retention time) of 12 h, affluent flow rate of 4 mL·min -1, and the recirculation flow rate was changed to study three different upflow velocities in the tube (6, 8 and 10 m·h -1 ). The pulse input method was used, with the use of blue dextran as tracer. In order to consider the dimensional differences between the tube and the separator, the reactor was divided into two regions (tube and separator). Initially, a model with two tubular reactors with dispersion in series was proposed and the Peclet number was adjusted for the two regions. It was observed that the region of the tube shows the behavior of a tubular reactor with high dispersion, whereas the region of the separator shows the behavior of a complete mix reactor. In order to simplify the equation, and by knowing that the concentration profile along the reactor was almost constant, a model of two CSTRs (continuous stirred tank reactors) was proposed in series and the number of reactors (N) was set. The best combination was five CSTRs, three in the tube region and two in the separator region. The presented models were equivalent and can be used to describe the hydrodynamic behavior of the EGSB reactor.

关键词： EGSB反应器数学模型完全混合反应器水动力动力学行为 Peclet数流体力学水力停留时间

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Antitumor effects of electrochemical treatment

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Chinese Journal of Cancer Research 2013年第2期25卷 223-234页

作者： Héctor Manuel Camué Ciria Maraelys Morales González Lisset Ortíz Zamora Luis Enrique Bergues Cabrales Gustavo Victoriano Sierra González Luciana Oliveira de Oliveira Rodrigo Zanella Antonio Carlos Buzaid Orlando Parise Luciana Macedo Brito Cesar Augusto Antunes teixeira Marina das Neves Gomes gleyce Moreno Venicio Feo da Veiga Marcos Telló Carla Holandino Research Department National Centre of Applied Electromagnetism Oriente University Pharmacy Department Oriente University Finlay Institute La lisa. La Habana Cuba Veterinary Teaching Hospital Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul. Porto Alegre Sírio e Libanês Hospital Faculty of Pharmacy Medicine Department Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Professor Paulo de Góes Institute of Microbiology Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul. Porto Alegre

Electrochemical treatment is an alternative modality for tumor treatment based on the application of a low intensity direct electric current to the tumor tissue through two or more platinum electrodes placed within the tumor zone or in the surrounding areas. This treatment is noted for its great effectiveness, minimal invasiveness and local effect. Several studies have been conducted worldwide to evaluate the anfitumoral effect of this therapy. In all these studies a variety of biochemical and physiological responses of tumors to the applied treatment have been obtained. By this reason, researchers have suggested various mechanisms to explain how direct electric current destroys tumor ceils. Although, it is generally accepted this treatment induces electrolysis, electroosmosis and electroporation in tumoral tissues. However, action mechanism of this alternative modality on the tumor tissue is not well understood. Although the principle of Electrochemical treatment is simple, a standardized method is not yet available. The mechanism by which Electrochemical treatment affects tumor growth and survival may represent more complex process. The present work analyzes the latest and most important research done on the electrochemical treatment of tumors. We conclude with our point of view about the destruction mechanism features of this alternative therapy. Also, we suggest some mechanisms and strategies from the thermodynamic point of view for this therapy. In the area of Electrochemical treatment of cancer this tool has been exploited very little and much work remains to be done. Electrochemical treatment constitutes a good therapeutic option for patients that have failed the conventional oncology methods.

关键词： Direct electric current electrochemical treatment antimmoral treatment tumor tumor electrolysis rumor entropy dissipative structure

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