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Etching-free pixel definition in InGaN green micro-LEDs

Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第8期13卷 1655-1665页

作者： Zhiyuan Liu Yi Lu haicheng Cao glen Isaac Maciel Garcia Tingang Liu Xiao Tang Na Xiao Raul Aguileta Vazquez Mingtao Nong Xiaohang Li Advanced Semiconductor Laboratory Electrical and Computer Engineering ProgramCEMSE DivisionKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology(KAUST)Thuwal 23955-6900Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

The traditional plasma etching process for defining micro-LED pixels could lead to significant sidewall *** near sidewall regions act as non-radiative recombination centers and paths for current leakage,significantly deteriorating device *** this study,we demonstrated a novel selective thermal oxidation(STO)method that allowed pixel definition without undergoing plasma damage and subsequent dielectric *** annealing in ambient air oxidized and reshaped the LED structure,such as p-layers and InGaN/GaN multiple quantum ***,the pixel areas beneath the pre-deposited SiO_(2)layer were selectively and effectively *** was demonstrated that prolonged thermal annealing time enhanced the insulating properties of the oxide,significantly reducing LED leakage ***,applying a thicker SiO_(2)protective layer minimized device resistance and boosted device efficiency *** the STO method,InGaN green micro-LED arrays with 50-,30-,and 10-μm pixel sizes were manufactured and *** results indicated that after 4 h of air annealing and with a 3.5-μm SiO_(2)protective layer,the 10-μm pixel array exhibited leakage currents density 1.2×10^(-6)A/cm^(2)at-10 V voltage and a peak on-wafer external quantum efficiency of~6.48%.This work suggests that the STO method could become an effective approach for future micro-LED manufacturing to mitigate adverse LED efficiency size effects due to the plasma etching and improve device ***-LEDs fabricated through the STO method can be applied to micro-displays,visible light communication,and optical interconnect-based *** planar pixel geometry will provide more possibilities for the monolithic integration of driving circuits with ***,the STO method is not limited to micro-LED fabrication and can be extended to design other III-nitride devices,such as photodetectors,laser diodes,high-electron-mobility transistors

关键词： annealing protective quantum

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The efficacy and effectiveness of machine learning for weaning in mechanically ventilated patients at the intensive care unit: a systematic review

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Bio-Design and Manufacturing 2019年第1期2卷 31-40页

作者： Man Ting Kwong glen Wright Colopy Anika M.Weber Ari Ercole Jeroen h.M.Bergmann Department of Engineering Science University of OxfordParks Road. Oxford OXI 3PJ. UK snap40 Inc.125 Princess Street Edinburgh EH2 4AD UK CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology.Roosevelt Drive Oxford OX3 7DQ. UK Division of Anaesthesia Addenbrooke's Hospital University of Cambridge Hills Road Cambridge CB2 0QQ. UK

Weani ng from mechanical ventilation in the in tensive care unit (ICU) is a complex clinical problem and relevant for future organ engineering. Prolonged mechanical ventilation (MV) leads to a range of medical complications that increases length of stay and costs as well as contributes to morbidity and even mortality and long-term quality of life. The need to reduce MV is both clinical and economical. Artificial intelligence or machine learning (ML) methods are promising opportunities to positively influence patient outcomes. ML methods have been proposed to enhance clinical decisions processes by using the large amount of digital information generated in the ICU setting. There is a particular interest in empirical methods (such as ML) to improve management of "difficult-to-wean" patients, due to the associated costs and adverse events associated with this population. A systematic literature search was performed using the OVID, IEEEXplore, PubMed, and Web of Science databases. All publications that included (1) the application of ML to weaning from MV in the ICU and (2) a clinical outcome measurement were reviewed. A checklist to assess the study quality of medical ML publications was modified to suit the critical assessment of ML in MV weaning literature. The systematic search identified nine studies that used ML for weaning management from MV in critical care. The weaning management application areas included (1) prediction of successful spontaneous breathing trials (SBTs),(2) prediction of successful extubation,(3) prediction of arterial blood gases, and (4) ventilator setting and oxygenation-adjustment advisory systems. Seven of the nine studies scored seven out of eight on the quality index. The remaining two of the nine studies scored one out of eight on the quality index. This scoring may, in part, be explained by the publications' focus on technical novelty, and therefore focusing on issues most important to a technical audience, instead of issues most impor

关键词： Artificial intelligence Patient-centred medicine Clinical trial Critical care Data science

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Interfacial Strategies for Smart Slippery Surfaces

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2020年第4期17卷 633-643页

作者： glen Mchale Rodrigo Ledesma-Aguilar Gary George Wells Smart Materials&Surfaces Laboratory Faculty of Engineering and EnvironmentNorthumbria UniversityNewcastle upon TyneNE18STUK

The problem of contact line pinning on surfaces is pervasive and contributes to problems from ring stains to ice *** we provide a single conceptual framework for interfacial strategies encompassing five strategies for modifying the solid-liquid interface to remove pinning and increase droplet *** biomimetic strategies are included,(i)reducing the liquid-solid interfacial area inspired by the Lotus effect,(ii)converting the liquid-solid contact to a solid-solid contact by the formation of a liquid marble inspired by how galling aphids remove honeydew,and(iii)converting the liquid-solid interface to a liquid-lubricant contact by the use of a lubricant impregnated surface inspired by the Nepenthes Pitcher *** further strategies are,(iv)converting the liquid-solid contact to a liquid-vapor contact by using the Leidenfrost effect,and(v)converting the contact to a liquid-liquid-like contact using slippery omniphobic covalent attachment of a liquid-like coating(SOCAL).Using these approaches,we explain how surfaces can be designed to have smart functionality whilst retaining the mobility of contact lines and ***,we show how droplets can evaporate at constant contact angle,be positioned using a Cheerios effect,transported by boundary reconfiguration in an energy invariant manner,and drive the rotation of solid components in a Leidenfrost heat *** conceptual framework enables the rationale design of surfaces which are slippery to liquids and is relevant to a diverse range of applications.

关键词： superhydrophobicity SLIPS liquid marbles leidenfrost SOCAL

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Advanced wasting in peritoneal dialysis patients

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World Journal of Nephrology 2017年第3期6卷 143-149页

作者： Zhi Xu glen h.murata Robert h Glew Yijuan Sun Darlene Vigil Karen S Servilla Antonios h Tzamaloukas Nephrology Division Department of MedicineUniversity of New Mexico School of Medicine Research Service Raymond G.Murphy Veterans Affairs Medical Center Department of Surgery University of New Mexico School of Medicine Renal Section Medicine ServiceRaymond G.Murphy VA Medical Center Department of Medicine University of New Mexico School of Medicine Research Service and Renal Section Raymond G.Murphy VA Medical Center

AIM To identify patients with end-stage renal disease treated by peritoneal dialysis(PD) who had zero body fat(BF) as determined by analysis of body composition using anthropometric formulas estimating body water(V) and to compare nutritional parameters between these patients and PD patients whose BF was above *** Body weight(W) consists of fat-free mass(FFM) *** formulas for calculating V allow the calculation of FFM as V/0.73,where 0.73 is the water fraction of FFM at normal *** from loss of BF has adverse survival outcomes in *** wasting was defined as zero BF when V/0.73 is equal to or exceeds *** study,which analyzed 439 PD patients at their first clearance study,used the Watson formulas estimating V to identify patients with V_(Watson)/0.73 ≥ W and compared their nutritional indices with those of PD patients with V_(Watson)/0.73 he study identified at the first clearance study two male patients with V_(Watson)/0.73 ≥ W among 439 patients on *** to 260 other male patients on PD,the two subjects with advanced wasting had exceptionally low body mass index and serum albumin *** first of the two subjects also had very low values for serum creatinine concentration and total(in urine and spent peritoneal dialysate) creatinine excretion rate while the second subject had an elevated serum creatinine concentration and high creatinine excretion rate due,most probably,to non-compliance with the PD *** Advanced wasting(zero BF) in PD patients,identified by the anthropometric formulas that estimate V,while rare,is associated with indices of poor somatic and visceral nutrition.

关键词： Weight deficit Fat-free mass Nutrition Body water Anthropometry Peritoneal dialysis Watson formulas Wasting

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Reproducibility of serial creatinine excretion measurements in peritoneal dialysis

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World Journal of Nephrology 2017年第4期6卷 201-208页

作者： ZhiXu glen h.murata Yijuan Sun Robert h Glew Clifford Qualls Darlene Vigil Karen SServilla Thomas A Golper Antonios h Tzamaloukas Nephrology Division Department of MedicineUni-versity of New Mexico School of MedicineAlbuquerqueNM 87131United States Research Service Raymond G Murphy Veterans Affairs Medical CenterAlbuquerqueNM 87108United States Renal Section Medicine ServiceRaymond G Murphy VA Medical Center and Department of MedicineUniversity of New Mexico School of MedicineAlbuquerqueNM 87108United States Department of Surgery University of New Mexico School of MedicineAlbuquerqueNM 87131United States Division of Nephrology and hypertension Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTN 37212United States Renal Section and Research Service Raymond G Murphy VA Medical Center and Department of MedicineUniversity of New Mexico School of MedicineAlbu-querqueNM 87108United States

AIMTo test whether muscle mass evaluated by creatinine excretion （EXCr） is maintained in patients with end-stage kidney disease （ESKD） treated by peritoneal dialysis （PD）, we evaluated repeated measurements of EXCr in a PD *** hundred and sixty-six PD patients （94 male, 72 female） receiving the same PD dose for the duration of the study （up to approximately 2.5 years） had repeated determinations of total （in urine plus spent dialysate） 24-h EXCr （EXCr T） to assess the adequacy of PD by creatinine clearance. All 166 patients had two EXCr T determinations, 84 of the 166 patients had three EXCr T determinations and 44 of the 166 patients had four EXCr T measurements. EXCr T values were compared using the paired t test in the patients who had two studies and by repeated measures ANOVA in those who were studied three or four *** patients who were studied twice, with the first and second EXCr T measurements performed at 9.2 ± 15.2 mo and 17.4 ± 15.8 mo after onset of PD, respectively, EXCr T did not differ between the first and second study. In patients studied three times and whose fnal assessment occurred 24.7 ± 16.3 mo after initiating PD, EXCr T did not differ between the first and second study, but was significantly lower in the third study compared to the frst study. In patients who were studied four times and whose fourth measurement was taken 31.9 ± 16.8 mo after onset of PD, EXCr T did not differ between any of the studies. The average EXCr T value did not change signifcantly, with the exception of the third study in the patients studied thrice. however, repeated determinations of EXCr T in individuals showed substantial variability, with approximately 50% of the repeated determinations being higher or lower than the first determination by 15% or *** average value of EXCr T remains relatively constantfor up to 2.5 years of follow-up in PD patients who adhereto the same PD schedule. however, repeated individualEXCr T

关键词： Creatinine excretion Peritoneal dialysis Lean body mass Muscle mass

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hybrid Surface Mesh Adaptation for Climate Modeling

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Numerical Mathematics(Theory,Methods and Applications) 2008年第4期1卷 410-434页

作者： Ahmed Khamayseh Valmor de Almeida glen hansen Computer Science and Mathematics Division Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN 37831USA. Multiphysics Methods Group Idaho National LaboratoryIdaho FallsID 834153840USA.

Solution-driven mesh adaptation is becoming quite popular for spatial error control in the numerical simulation of complex computational physics applications,such as climate ***,spatial adaptation is achieved by element subdivision (h adaptation) with a primary goal of resolving the local length scales of interest.A sec- ond,less-popular method of spatial adaptivity is called'mesh motion'(r adaptation); the smooth repositioning of mesh node points aimed at resizing existing elements to capture the local length *** paper proposes an adaptation method based on a combination of both element subdivision and node point repositioning (rh adaptation). By combining these two methods using the notion of a mobility function,the proposed approach seeks to increase the flexibility and extensibility of mesh motion algorithms while providing a somewhat smoother transition between refined regions than is pro- duced by element subdivision ***,in an attempt to support the requirements of a very general class of climate simulation applications,the proposed method is de- signed to accommodate unstructured,polygonal mesh topologies in addition to the most popular mesh types.

关键词： surface mesh generation mesh adaptation mesh optimization climate modeling.

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hypertonicity:Clinical entities,manifestations and treatment

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World Journal of Nephrology 2017年第1期6卷 1-13页

作者： helbert Rondon-Berrios Christos Argyropoulos Todd S Ing Dominic S Raj Deepak Malhotra Emmanuel I Agaba Mark Rohrscheib Zeid J Khitan glen h.murata Joseph I Shapiro Antonios h Tzamaloukas Renal-Electrolyte Division Department of MedicineUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPA 15260United States Division of Nephrology Department of MedicineUniversity of New Mexico School of MedicineAlbuquerqueNM 87131United States Department of Medicine Strich School of MedicineLoyola University ChicagoMaywoodIL 60153United States Division of Nephrology Department of MedicineGeorge Washington UniversityWashingtonDC 20037United States Division of Nephrology Department of MedicineSchool of MedicineUniversity of ToledoToledoOH 43614-5809United States Division of Nephrology Department of MedicineJos University Teaching HospitalJosPlateau State 930001Nigeria Division of Nephrology Department of MedicineSchool of MedicineMarshall University Joan C.EdwardsHuntingtonWV 25701United States Informatics Section Medicine ServiceRaymond G.Murphy Veterans Affairs Medical CenterAlbuquerqueNM 78108United States Department of Medicine University of New Mexico School of MedicineAlbuquerqueNM 78108United States Marshall University Joan C.Edwards School of Medicine HuntingtonWV 25701United States Section of Nephrology Medicine Service(111C)Raymond G.Murphy Veterans Affairs Medical CenterAlbuquerqueNM 78108United States

hypertonicity causes severe clinical manifestations and is associated with mortality and severe short-term and long-term neurological sequelae. The main clinical syndromes of hypertonicity are hypernatremia and hyperglycemia. hypernatremia results from relative excess of body sodium over body water. Loss of water in excess of intake, gain of sodium salts in excess of losses or a combination of the two are the main mechanisms of hypernatremia. hypernatremia can be hypervolemic, euvolemic or hypo-volemic. The management of hypernatremia addresses both a quantitative replacement of water and, if present, sodium defcit, and correction of the underlying pathophysiologic process that led to hypernatremia. hypertonicity in hyperglycemia has two components, solute gain secondary to glucose accumulation in the extracellular compartment and water loss through hyperglycemic osmotic diuresis in excess of the losses of sodium and potassium. Differentiating between these two components of hypertonicity has major therapeutic implications because the frst component will be reversed simply by normalization of serum glucose concentration while the second component will require hypotonic fuid replacement. An estimate of the magnitude of the relative water deficit secondary to osmotic diuresis is obtainedby the corrected sodium concentration, which representsa calculated value of the serum sodium concentrationthat would result from reduction of the serum glucoseconcentration to a normal level.

关键词： hypertonicity hypernatremia Osmotic diuresis hyperglycemia Water diuresis

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Fluid balance concepts in medicine:Principles and practice

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World Journal of Nephrology 2018年第1期7卷 1-28页

作者： Maria-Eleni Roumelioti Robert h Glew Zeid J Khitan helbert Rondon-Berrios Christos P Argyropoulos Deepak Malhotra Dominic S Raj Emmanuel I Agaba Mark Rohrscheib glen h.murata Joseph I Shapiro Antonios h Tzamaloukas Division of Nephrology Department of MedicineUniversity of New Mexico School of MedicineAlbuquerqueNM 87131United States Department of Surgery University of New Mexico School of MedicineAlbuquerqueNM 87131United States Division of Nephrology Department of MedicineJoan Edwards School of MedicineMarshall UniversityHuntingtonWV 25701United States Division of Renal and Electrolyte Department of MedicineUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPA 15260United States Division of Nephrology Department of MedicineUniversity of Toledo School of MedicineToledoOH 43614-5809United States Division of Renal Disease and hypertension Department of MedicineGeorge Washington UniversityWashingtonDC 20037United States Division of Nephology Department of MedicineJos University Medical CenterJosPlateau State 930001Nigeria Research Service Raymond G Murphy VA Medical Center and University of New Mexico School of MedicineAlbuquerqueNM 87108United States 不详

The regulation of body fluid balance is a key concern in health and disease and comprises three concepts. The first concept pertains to the relationship between total body water(TBW) and total effective solute and is expressed in terms of the tonicity of the body fluids. Disturbances in tonicity are the main factor responsible for changes in cell volume, which can critically affect brain cell function and survival. Solutes distributed almost exclusively in the extracellular compartment(mainly sodium salts) and in the intracellular compartment(mainly potassium salts) contribute to tonicity, while solutes distributed in TBW have no effect on tonicity. The second body fluid balance concept relates to the regulation and measurement of abnormalities of sodium salt balance and extracellular volume. Estimation of extracellular volume is more complex and error prone than measurement of TBW. A key function of extracellular volume, which is defined as the effective arterial blood volume(EABV), is to ensure adequate perfusion of cells and organs. Other factors, including cardiac output, total and regional capacity of both arteries and veins, Starling forces in the capillaries, and gravity also affect the EABV. Collectively, these factors interact closely with extracellular volume and some of them undergo substantial changes in certain acute and chronic severe illnesses. Their changes result not only in extracellular volume expansion, but in the need for a larger extracellular volume compared with that of healthy individuals. Assessing extracellular volume in severe illness is challenging because the estimates of this volume by commonly used methods are prone to large errors in many illnesses. In addition, the optimal extracellular volume may vary from illness to illness, is only partially based on volume measurements by traditional methods, and has not been determined for each illness. Further research is needed to determine optimal extracellular volume levels in several illne

关键词： Body fluids Body water Extracellular volume hypertonicity hypotonicity Congestive heart failure hepatic cirrhosis Sepsis Nephrotic syndrome

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Rapid and robust slope failure appraisal using aerial photogrammetry and 3D slope stability models

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2020年第5期30卷 651-658页

作者： Neil Bar Michael Kostadinovski Michael Tucker glen Byng Rully Rachmatullah Arturo Maldonado Markus Pötsch Andreas Gaich Alison McQuillan Thamer Yacoub BhP PerthWA 6000Australia 3GSM Gmbh 8010 GrazStyriaAustria Rocscience Inc. Toronto M5T 1V1Canada

Slope failures are an inevitable aspect of economic pit slope designs in the mining *** open pit guidelines and industry standards accept up to 30%of benches in open pits to collapse provided that they are controlled and that no personnel are at *** ground control measures including real time monitoring systems at TARP(trigger-action-response-plan)protocols are widely utilized to prevent personnel from being exposed to slope failure *** and computing capability are rapidly *** photogrammetry techniques using UAV(unmanned aerial vehicle)enable geotechnical engineers and engineering geologists to work faster and more safely by removing themselves from potential line-of-fire near unstable *** stability modelling software using limit equilibrium(LE)and finite element(FE)methods in three dimensions(3D)is also becoming more accessible,user-friendly and faster to *** key components enable geotechnical engineers to undertake site investigations,develop geotechnical models and assess slope stability faster and in more detail with less exposure to fall of ground hazards in the *** paper describes the rapid and robust process utilized at BhP Limited for appraising a slope failure at an iron ore mine site in the Pilbara region of Western Australia using a combination of UAV photogrammetry and 3D slope stability models in less than a shift(*** than 12 h).

关键词： Slope stability 3D limit equilibrium analysis Aerial imagery Photogrammetry Open pit mining

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Two decades of variable retention in British Columbia: a review of its implementation and effectiveness for biodiversity conservation

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Ecological Processes 2019年第1期8卷 402-423页

作者： William J.Beese John Deal B.glen Dunsworth Stephen J.Mitchell Timothy J.Philpott Vancouver Island University 900 Fifth StreetNanaimoBC V9R 5S5Canada Western Forest Products 118–1334 Island Hwy.Campbell RiverBC V9W 8C9Canada glen Dunsworth Ecological Consulting 7857 Shangri-La Rd.LantzvilleBC V0R 2H0Canada University of British Columbia 2424 Main MallVancouverBC V6T 1Z4Canada BC Min.of Forests Lands and Nat.Res.Oper400–640 Borland St.Williams LakeBC V2G 4T1Canada

Stand-level retention is an important component of sustainable forest management which aims to balance ecological,social and economic ***-term retention of mature forest structures at the time of harvesting(variable retention)is intended to produce future forest stands that more closely resemble conditions that develop after natural disturbances,thereby maintaining greater diversity of habitats for a variety of *** includes features such as live and dead trees representing multiple canopy layers,undisturbed understory vegetation and coarse woody *** the past two decades,variable retention has become common on forest lands in the temperate rainforests of coastal British Columbia(BC)and has been applied to a lesser extent in inland forest *** review of studies in BC and in similar forest types in our region indicates that both aggregated and dispersed retention can contribute to biodiversity conservation by providing short-term‘life-boating’habitat for some species and by enhancing the structural characteristics of future *** example,greater abundance of species present in the pre-harvest forest have been documented for vegetation,birds,carabid beetles,gastropods,ectomycorrhizal fungi and soil fauna in retention cutblocks compared to *** are,however,some negative consequences for timber production such as wind damage to retained trees and reduced growth rates of tree regeneration compared to *** authors suggest an adaptive management approach for balancing competing objectives when faced with *** includes monitoring the implementation and effectiveness of various strategies for achieving *** two decades of experience applying variable retention harvesting to industrial-scale management of forest lands in BC suggests that it is possible to balance production of wood with biodiversity conservation.

关键词： Alternative silvicultural systems Clearcutting Biological legacies Forest biodiversity Old-growth Variable retention British Columbia

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