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Update on the reciprocal interference between immunosuppressive therapy and gut microbiota after kidney transplantation

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World Journal of Transplantation 2024年第1期14卷 72-83页

作者： Maurizio Salvadori giuseppina Rosso Department of Renal Transplantation Careggi University HospitalFlorence 50139TuscanyItaly Division of Nephrology San Giovanni di Dio HospitalFlorence 50143ToscanaItaly

Gut microbiota is often modified after kidney *** principally happens in the first period after *** and,most of all,immunosuppressive drugs are the main *** relationship between immunosuppressive drugs and the gut microbiota is *** one side immunosuppressive drugs modify the gut microbiota,often generating dysbiosis;from the other side microbiota may interfere with the immunosuppressant pharmacokinetics,producing products more or less active with respect to the original *** phenomena have influence over the graft outcomes and clinical consequences as rejections,infections,diarrhea may be caused by the dysbiotic ***,calcineurin inhibitors such as tacrolimus and cyclosporine,mycophenolate mofetil and mTOR inhibitors are the immunosuppressive drugs whose effect on the gut microbiota is better *** contrast is well known how the gut microbiota may interfere with glucocorticoids,which may be transformed into *** may be transformed by microbiota into a product called M1 that is 15-fold less active with respect to *** pro-drug mycophenolate mofetil is normally transformed in mycophenolic acid that according the presence or not of microbes producing the enzyme glucuronidase,may be transformed into the inactive product.

关键词： Immunosuppressive therapy Kidney transplantation Gut microbiota Dysbiosis Pathobionts Graft outcomes

Artificial intelligence in detection of small bowel lesions and their bleeding risk:A new step forward

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第18期30卷 2482-2484页

作者： Silvia Cocca giuseppina Pontillo Giuseppe Grande Rita Conigliaro Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico di ModenaModena 41121Italy Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit Presidio Ospedaliero San Giuseppe Moscati(AversaCE)-ASL CasertaCaserta 81100Italy Department of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di ModenaModena 41121Italy

The present letter to the editor is related to the study with the title“Automatic detection of small bowel(SB)lesions with different bleeding risk based on deep learning models”.Capsule endoscopy(CE)is the main tool to assess SB diseases but it is a time-consuming procedure with a significant error *** development of artificial intelligence(AI)in CE could simplify physicians’*** novel deep learning model by Zhang et al seems to be able to identify various SB lesions and their bleeding risk,and it could pave the way to next perspective studies to better enhance the diagnostic support of AI in the detection of different types of SB lesions in clinical practice.

关键词： Capsule endoscopy Small bowel Artificial intelligence Bleeding risk Vascular lesions

Stochastic Maximum Principle for Optimal Advertising Models with Delay and Non-Convex Control Spaces

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Advances in Pure Mathematics 2024年第6期14卷 442-450页

作者： giuseppina Guatteri Federica Masiero Dipartimento di Matematica Politecnico di Milano via Bonardi Milano Italia Dipartimento di Matematica e Applicazioni Universit di Milano-Bicocca via Cozzi Milano Italia

In this paper we study optimal advertising problems that model the introduction of a new product into the market in the presence of carryover effects of the advertisement and with memory effects in the level of goodwill. In particular, we let the dynamics of the product goodwill to depend on the past, and also on past advertising efforts. We treat the problem by means of the stochastic Pontryagin maximum principle, that here is considered for a class of problems where in the state equation either the state or the control depend on the past. Moreover the control acts on the martingale term and the space of controls U can be chosen to be non-convex but now the space of controls U can be chosen to be non-convex. The maximum principle is thus formulated using a first-order adjoint Backward Stochastic Differential Equations (BSDEs), which can be explicitly computed due to the specific characteristics of the model, and a second-order adjoint relation.

关键词： Stochastic Optimal Control Delay Equations Advertisement Models Stochastic Maximum Principle

Update on the gut microbiome in health and diseases

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World Journal of Methodology 2024年第1期14卷 18-32页

The Human Microbiome Project,Earth Microbiome Project,and next-generation sequencing have advanced novel genome association,host genetic linkages,and pathogen *** microbiome is the sum of the microbes,their genetic information,and their ecological *** study will describe how millions of bacteria in the gut affect the human body in health and *** gut microbiome changes in relation with age,with an increase in Bacteroidetes and *** and environmental factors affecting the gut microbiome are diet,drugs,age,smoking,exercise,and host *** addition,changes in the gut microbiome may affect the local gut immune system and systemic immune *** this study,we discuss how the microbiome may affect the metabolism of healthy subjects or may affect the pathogenesis of metabolism-generating metabolic *** to the high number of publications on the argument,from a methodologically point of view,we decided to select the best papers published in referred journals in the last 3 *** we selected the previously published *** major goals of our study were to elucidate which microbiome and by which pathways are related to healthy and disease conditions.

关键词： Gut microbiome Dysbiosis Pathobionts Gut-brain axis Heart-brain axis Metabolic diseases Omics techniques

Assessing the operational design domain of lane support system for automated vehicles in different weather and road conditions

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2022年第4期9卷 631-644页

作者： giuseppina Pappalardo Riccardo Caponetto Rosario Varrica Salvatore Cafiso Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture University of CataniaCatania 95125Italy Department of Electrical Electronic and Computer EngineeringUniversity of CataniaCatania 95125Italy

With the growing rate of automated vehicles(AVs)at the lower level of automation,the experimental tests are also in progress with vehicles at higher *** the absence of extended digital infrastructures and deployment of level 5 full automated vehicles,the physical infrastructure is required to maintain a fundamental role to enable their introduction in public *** paper focuses on lane support system(LSS)whose operational design domain(ODD)is strongly connected to the road characteristics and *** experimental test was carried out with a state of the art,and LSS and advanced technologies were used for road monitoring on different roads under various environmental conditions including dry,wet pavements and *** applied the generalized estimation equation for logistic regression to account within-cluster homogeneity which is induced by repeated measures on the same road *** models allow the identification of variables that are significant for the LSS fault probability among various effects of road features including marking,pavement distress,weather conditions,horizontal curvature,and cross *** pointed out the relevance of the wet retro-reflection of marking(RLw)and the horizontal curvature in the definition of ODD for *** values have been proposed for the tested *** pavement doesn’t affect the LSS performance when compared to the dry *** was shown to be critical even with very good road characteristics.

关键词： Lane support system Physical infrastructure Operational design domain Weather condition

Vibro-acoustic characteristics of multifunctional carbon fiber reinforced panel

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2023年第6期24卷 129-139页

作者： Liberata Guadagno Marialuigia Raimondo Luigi Vertuccio giuseppina Barra Maurizio Arena Massimo Viscardi Department of Industrial Engineering University of SalernoVia Giovanni Paolo II13284084FiscianoSAItaly Department of Engineering University of Campania“Luigi Vanvitelli”Via Roma 29I-81031AversaItaly Department of Industrial Engineering Aerospace SectionUniversity of Naples“Federico Ⅱ”Via Claudio 2180125NaplesItaly

This paper deals with the assessment of vibro-acoustic properties of a multifunctional carbon fiber reinfo rced panel manu factured by bulk infu sion,a modified resin film infusion *** components of the epoxy resin were chosen to contrast the electrical insulating property and poor flame resistance of the epoxy resins impregnating carbon woven *** confer electrical conductivity to the resin a percentage of 0.5 wt%of Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotubes(MWCNTs)was dispersed in the resin,whereas to increase flame resistance a percentage of 5 wt%of Glycidil Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxanes(GPOSS)was solubilized in the epoxy ***,as hardener agents,a mixture of 4,4’-DiaminoDiphenyl Sulfone(DDS)(53.4 wt%)and Bis(3-Aminophenyl)Methyl Phosphine Oxide(BAMPO)(46.7 wt%)was *** values of the electrical conductivity were found satisfactory enough,being4.02×10^(-2)S/m for the multifunctional resin and 1.39×10^(4)S/m for the in-plane conductivity of the panel,whereas the Limiting Oxygen Index(LOI)value of the multifunctional resin was found to increase from 27%to 36%.Considering these promising results,an experimental assessment of the vibro-acoustic properties of the manufactured multifunctional panel was also *** panel was tested mainly to evaluate its low-frequency vibration damping and sound insulation *** manufactured panel demonstrated an improved efficiency if compared to a baseline configuration,presenting almost the double modal damping and a gain of 10 dB on the global noise reduction.

关键词： Composite materials Electrical properties Damping Tunneling atomic force microscopy(TUNA) Vibro-acoustic properties

ER exit pathways and the control of proteostasis:Crucial role of the UPR,COPII,and ER-phagy in the secretory pathway

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BIOCELL 2022年第5期46卷 1131-1137页

作者： giuseppina AMODIO VALENTINA PAGLIARA PAOLO REMONDELLI ORNELLA MOLTEDO Dipartimento di Medicina Chirurgia e Odontoiatria“Scuola Medica Salernitana”Universitàdegli Studi di SalernoBaronissi84034Italy2 Dipartimento di FarmaciaUniversitàdegli Studi di SalernoFisciano84084Italy

The endoplasmic reticulum(ER)is the site of entry of all proteins that function in the secretory pathway including the extracellular *** it controls the folding of newly synthesized secretory proteins,the ER is indispensable for the maintenance of proteostasis in the secretory *** the ER and,in part,in post-ER compartments,the quality control of protein folding is under the regulation of the unfolded protein response(UPR)*** UPR strategy is to enhance protein folding,increase the ER degradation pathway of misfolded proteins,and allow the exit from the ER of only correctly folded *** latter is controlled by the multimeric complex COPII,which also provides some of the components for ER-phagy the only route for the disposal of protein *** this overview,we wish to contribute to the introduction of new perspectives in the study of the mechanisms underlying the control of proteostasis within the secretory pathway.

关键词： Proteostasis ER stress Unfolded protein response COPII ER-phagy

Uncovering current pyroregions in Italy using wildfire metrics

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Ecological Processes 2022年第1期11卷 259-275页

作者： Mario Elia Vincenzo Giannico Davide Ascoli Juan Pablo Argañaraz Marina D’Este giuseppina Spano Raffaele Lafortezza Giovanni Sanesi Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences University of Bari A.MoroVia Amendola 165/A70126 BariItaly Department of Agricultural Forest and Food SciencesUniversity of TurinLargo Braccini 210095 GrugliascoTOItaly Mario Gulich Institute for Advanced Space Studies(CONAE-UNC) CONICETRoute C45km 8CP 5187 Falda del CañeteCórdobaArgentina Department of Geography The University of Hong KongCentennial CampusPokfulam RoadHong KongChina

Background:Pyrogeography is a major field of investigation in wildfire science because of its capacity to describe the spatial and temporal variations of fire *** propose a systematic pyrogeographic analytical approach to cluster regions on the basis of their *** employed the Affinity Propagation algorithm to cluster pyroregions using Italian landscape as a test bed and its current wildfire metrics in terms of density,seasonality and stand replacing fire ratio.A discussion follows on how pyrogeography varies according to differences in the human,biophysical,socioeconomic,and climatic ***:The algorithm identified seven different pyroregion *** main gradients were identified that partly explain the variability of wildfire metrics observed in the current ***,a gradient characterized by increasing temperatures and exposure to droughts,which coincides with a decreasing latitude,and second,a human pressure gradient displaying increasing population density in areas at lower *** drivers exerted a major influence on wildfire density,burnt area over available fuels and stand replacing,which were associated to warmdry climate and high human *** study statistically highlighted the importance of a North–South gradient,which represents one of the most important drivers of wildfire regimes resulting from the variations in climatic conditions but showing collinearity with socioeconomic aspects as ***:Our fully replicable analytical approach can be applied at multiple scales and used for the entire European continent to uncover new and larger *** could create a basis for the European Commission to promote innovative and collaborative funding programs between regions that demonstrate pyrosimilarities.

关键词： Pyrogeography Affinity propagation Forest Mediterranean basin Clustering

Neglected tropical diseases:exploring long term practical approaches to achieve sustainable disease elimination and beyond

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2017年第1期6卷 1301-1312页

作者： giuseppina Ortu Oliver Williams Malaria Consortium Development House56-54 Leonard streetLondon EC244LTUK

Background:Remarkable progress has been made in the fight against neglected tropical diseases,but new challenges have *** diagnostics,better drugs and new insecticides are often identified as the priority;however,access to these new tools may not be sufficient to achieve and sustain disease elimination,if certain challenges and priorities are not *** body:The authors summarise key operational challenges,and based on these,identify two major priorities:strengthening the capacity of the primary health care health system in correctly diagnosing and managing neglected tropical diseases;and establishing an effective disease surveillance *** steps are proposed as concrete actions to build an effective primary health care service for neglected tropical diseases,and a health management information system capable of accurately reporting these *** engagement and formalization of community health workers role are proposed as essential components of these *** of financial support from disease oriented programmes to disease integrated interventions,improved access to international guidelines for primary health care staff,and availability of donated drugs in health care structures are also suggested as key elements of the proposed ***:The authors conclude that failure to address these priorities now may lead to further challenges on the long path towards neglected tropical disease elimination and beyond.

关键词： NTDs Primary health care Integration Surveillance Community engagement