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Pitfalls in spirometry: Clinical relevance

World Journal of Respirology 2014年第3期4卷 19-25页

作者： Andrea Antonelli Giulia Michela Pellegrino giuseppe francesco sferrazza papa Riccardo Pellegrino Allergologia e Fisiopatologia Respiratoria ASO S.Croce e Carle 12100 Cuneo Italy U.O.Pneumologia Ospedale San Paolo Università degli Studi di Milano 20122 Milan Italy

Spirometry is one of the functional tests most used in respiratory medicine to assess lung function in health and disease *** success is grounded on solid principles of lung mechanics that state that maximal flow on expiration is limited by the physical properties of airways and lung *** contrast,on inspiration,flow depends on the force generated by the inspiratory *** expiratory forced flow and volumes usually reflect a deviation from health *** due to a complex interplay of different obstructive and restrictive lung diseases within the multiple structural dimensions of the respiratory system,flows and volumes do not always perfectly reflect the impact of the disease on lung *** present review is intended to shed light on a series of artefacts and biological phenomena that may confound the clinical interpretation of the main spirometric *** them is thoracic gas compression volume,the volume and time history of the inspiratory manoeuvre that precedes the forced expiration,the effects of heterogeneous distribution of the disease across the respiratory system,and the changes in lung elastic recoil.

关键词： Spirometry Thoracic gas compression volume Volume history effects of the deep breath Time history effects of the preceding inspiratory manoeuvre Ventilation heterogeneities Lung elastic recoil Clinical interpretation

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From advanced diagnosis to advanced resection in early neoplastic colorectal lesions:Never-ending and trending topics in the 2020s

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2022年第7期14卷 632-655页

作者： francesco Auriemma Sandro sferrazza Mario Bianchetti Maria Flavia Savarese Laura Lamonaca Danilo Paduano Nicole Piazza Enrica Giuffrida Lupe Sanchez Mete Alessandra Tucci Sebastian Manuel Milluzzo Chiara Iannelli Alessandro Repici Benedetto Mangiavillano Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Unit Humanitas Mater DominiCastellanza 21053Italy Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit Santa Chiara HospitalTrento 38014Italy Digestive Endoscopy Unit San Giuseppe Hospital-MultimedicaMilan 20123Italy Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Endoscopy General HospitalSanremo 18038Italy Gastroenterology Unit IRCCS Policlinico San DonatoSan Donato MilaneseDepartment of Biomedical Sciences for HealthUniversity of MilanMilan 20122Italy Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit A.O.U.Policlinico"G.Giaccone"Palermo 90127Italy Department of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer InstituteRome 00144Italy Department of Gastroenterology Molinette HospitalCittàdella salute e della Scienza di TorinoTurin 10126Italy Digestive Endoscopy Unit and Gastroenterology Fondazione PoliambulanzaBrescia 25100Italy Department of Health Sciences Magna Graecia UniversityCatanzaro 88100Italy Digestive Endoscopy Unit and Gastroenterology Humanitas Clinical and Research Center and Humanitas UniversityRozzano 20089Italy Biomedical Science HunimedPieve Emanuele 20090Italy Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Unit Humanitas Mater DominiCastellanzaVarese 21053Italy

Colonoscopy represents the most widespread and effective tool for the prevention and treatment of early stage preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions in the panorama of cancer *** the world there are different approaches to the topic of colorectal cancer prevention and screening:different starting ages(45-50 years);different initial screening tools such as fecal occult blood with immunohistochemical or immune-enzymatic tests;recto-sigmoidoscopy;and *** key aspects of this scenario are composed of a proper bowel preparation that ensures a valid diagnostic examination,experienced endoscopist in detection of preneoplastic and early neoplastic lesions and open-minded to upcoming artificial intelligence-aided examination,knowledge in the field of resection of these lesions(from cold-snaring,through endoscopic mucosal resection and endoscopic submucosal dissection,up to advanced tools),and management of complications.

关键词： Colorectal lesions Colorectal tumor Endoscopic submucosal dissection Endoscopic mucosal resection Cold-endoscopic mucosal resection FTRD® Complications Adverse events Polypectomy

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