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Philosophy and Science Dialogue： Consciousness

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Frontiers of Philosophy in China 2018年第3期13卷 332-348页

作者： giulio Tononi Owen Flanagan School of Medicine Department of Psychiatry University of Wisconsin-Madison MadisonWI 53719 USA Department of Philosophy Duke University Durham NC 27708 USA

This is a dialogue between scientific explanation of consciousness. a philosopher and a scientist about the What is consciousness？ Does it admit of scientific explanation？ If so, what must a scientific theory of consciousness be.like in order to provide us with a satisfying explanation of its explanandum？ And what types of entities might such a theory acknowledge as being conscious？ Philosopher Owen Flanagan and scientist giulio Tononi weigh in on these issues during an exchange about the nature and scientific explanation of consciousness.

关键词： consciousness integrated information theory phenomenology hard problem of consciousness scientific explanation

Variations of trace elements and rare earth elements(REEs)treated by two different methods for snow-pit samples on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and their implications

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Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2017年第6期9卷 656-667页

作者： YueFang li Zhen li Ju Huang giulio Cozzi Clara Turetta Carlo Barbante LongFei Xiong State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouGansu 730000China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes National Research Council(IDPA-CNR)University of VeniceDorsoduro 213730123 VeniceItaly

Although previous investigations of the trace elements in snow and ice from the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau obtained interesting information about pollution from human activities on the plateau, most were based on traditional acidification *** emphasize the influence of the different sample-preparation methods on the records of trace elements and rare earth elements, snow samples were collected from glaciers on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau in China and prepared using two methods: traditional acidification and total digestion. Concentrations of 18 trace elements(Al, Ti, Fe, Rb, Sr, Ba, V, Cr, Mn, li,Cu, Co, Mo, Cs, Sb, Pb, Tl, and U), along with 14 rare earth elements(REEs: La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er,Tm, Yb, and Lu), Y, and Th in the snow samples, were measured using inductively coupled plasma-sector field mass spectrometry(ICP-SFMS). The results showed that the mass fraction of the trace elements(defined as ratio of concentration in the acid-leachable fraction to that in the digested sample) such as Mo, Ti, Al, Rb, and V, varied from 0.06 to 0.5. The mass fraction of other trace elements varied from about 0.6 to more than 0.9; those of the REEs, Y, and Th varied from 0.34 to0.75. Lower mass fractions will lead to an overestimated contribution of other sources, especially human activities, and the underestimated fluxes of these trace elements(especially REEs, Y, and Th, as well as dust) if the REEs are used as the proxy for the crust dust. The two sample-preparation methods exhibited different REE normalized distribution patterns,REE ratios, and provenance-tracing results. The REE normalized distribution patterns and proxies in the digested samples are more reliable and integrated than those found in traditional acidification method for dust-provenance tracing.

关键词： sample-preparation methods trace elements REEs mass fraction snow samples Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

Predictive calculations of gas solubility and permeability in glassy polymeric membranes： An overview

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2017年第3期11卷 405-413页

作者： Matteo Minelli Maria G. De Angelis giulio C. Sarti Department of Civil Chemical Environmental and Materials Engineering Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna Bologna 28-40131 Italy

The possibility to evaluate in a predictive way the relevant transport properties of low molecular weight species, both gases and vapors, in glassy polymeric membranes is inspected in detail, with particular attention to the methods recently developed based on solid thermodynamic basis. The solubility of pure and mixed gases, diffusivity and permeability of single gases in polymer glasses are examined, considering in particular poly（2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide） as a relevant test case. The procedure clearly indicates what are the relevant physical properties of the polymer matrix and of the penetrants required by the calculations, which can be obtained experimentally through independent measurements. For gas and vapor solubility, the comparison with direct experimental data for mixed gases points out also the ability to account for the significant variations that solubility-selectivity experiences upon variations of pres- sure and/or feed composition. For gas and vapor perme- ability, the comparison with direct experimental data shows the possibility to account for the various different trends observed experimentally as penetrant pressure is increased, including the so-called plasticization behavior. The procedure followed for permeability calculations leads also to clear correlations between permeability and physical properties of both polymer and penetrant, based on which pure predictive calculations are reliably made.

关键词： solubility permeability glassy polymers NELF model diffusion

Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Cavity/Mean-Flow Interaction in Low Pressure Axial Flow Turbines

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Journal of Thermal Science 2021年第6期30卷 2178-2185页

作者： BARSI Dario COSTA Carlo LENGANI Davide SIMONI Daniele VENTURINO giulio ZUNINO Pietro DIME-Universita di Genova Via Montallegro 11-16145 Genova

The increasing performance of modern aeroengines led the research towards the optimization of machine components not deeply analyzed in the *** this context,the mechanisms driving the interaction process between the secondary flows evolving at the hub of low-pressure turbines with the rotor-stator cavity systems have been poorly investigated in the *** this work,an experimental and numerical analysis of the interaction between the endwall near wall flow and the leakage flow of a real cavity system is *** experimental results were carried out in the annular low-pressure axial flow turbine of the University of *** blade loading and pressure distributions into the cavity,as well as the measured total pressure loss coefficient,have been used for a proper validation of CFD *** steady and unsteady calculations were carried out through the commercial solver ***,several numerical approaches have been tested into this work:RANS,Non linear Harmonic(NLH),and *** most promising CFD techniques have been firstly identified by comparison with experimental results and then systematically employed to extend the analysis of secondary flow-cavity flow interaction to positions and quantities not available from the *** characterizing the mean flow-cavity flow interaction process will be shown to cover a great amount of the overall stage losses and should be properly accounted for the design of future optimized cavity configurations.

关键词： axial flow turbine cavity mean-flow interaction experimental analysis CFD

Multiple influences of the COVID-19 pandemic on children with diabetes:Changes in epidemiology,metabolic control and medical care

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World Journal of Diabetes 2023年第3期14卷 198-208页

作者： Stefano Zucchini Andrea Scozzarella giulio Maltoni Department of Pediatric IRCCS AOU di BolognaBologna 40138Italy

The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic has heavily affected health worldwide,with the various forms of diabetes in children experiencing changes at various levels,including epidemiology,diabetic ketoacidosis rates and medical *** 1 diabetes showed an apparent increase in incidence,possibly owing to a direct damage of the virus to theβ-*** ketoacidosis also increased in association with the general fear of referring patients to the *** children with diabetes(both type 1 and type 2)did not show a worsening in metabolic control during the first lockdown,possibly owing to a more controlled diet by their *** sensor and hybrid closed loop pump technology proved to be effective in all patients with type 1 diabetes during the pandemic,especially because the downloading of data allowed for the practice of *** has in fact grown around the world and National Health Systems have started to consider it as a routine activity in clinical *** present review encompasses all the aspects related to the effects of the pandemic on the different forms of diabetes in children.

关键词： Diabetes COVID-19 Children Diabetic ketoacidosis Telemedicine

Ciinical value and cost-effectiveness of minimally invasive distal pancreatectomy

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2020年第2期9卷 205-207页

作者： Andrea be.li Francesco Izzo giulio be.li Department of Abdominal Oncology HPB Surgical Oncology UnitNational Cancer InstituteFondazione G.Pascale-IRCCSNaplesItaly Department of General and HPB Surgery Loreto Nuovo HospitalNaplesItaly

Minimally invasive pancreatic resection(MIPR)has gained popularity in the last decade and it is currently widely applied with selected indications in highly specialized centres *** pancreatectomy(DP),which lacks of a technical demanding and complex reconstruction phase,is the most suitable pancreatic resection for a minimal invasive approach and is therefore the most performed *** non-randomized studies and meta-analyses suggested that a minimally invasive distal pancreatectomy(MIDP)could improve the short-term postoperative outcomes by reducing the intraoperative blood loss and the postoperative morbidity when compared to open distal pancreatectomy(ODP)(1).MIDP seems also to promote an earlier recovery and a reduction in the length of postoperative stays when compared to ODP without affecting the oncologic ***,the diffusion of MIDP is increasing and a minimally invasive approach is generally recognized as a suitable approach to benign,borderline malignant lesions and to *** value of MIDP for the surgical treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)is still under evaluation despite its feasibility and safety in this setting have been demonstrated and similar long-term oncological outcomes were reported by several single and multicentre series(2).The recent published DIPLOMA study,a European retrospective propensity score-matched cohort study on minimally invasive versus open DP for PDAC,raised some concerns in terms of oncological adequacy of MIDP(3).

关键词： centre value distal

The liability of Online Intermediaries for Wrongdoings by Third Parties

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The Liability of Online Intermediaries for Wrongdoings by Th...

作者： Santoni giulio 中国政法大学

学位级别：硕士

互联网活动一个最大的特点是给实体用户的监管带来了很大的难度。通过互联网,数以千计的用户可以和全世界范围的人进行联络,并通过分散的碎片式数据创建、修改和传播内容。Internet运行的tcp/ip协议通过承载这些数据,并不需要使用者提... 详细信息

互联网活动一个最大的特点是给实体用户的监管带来了很大的难度。通过互联网,数以千计的用户可以和全世界范围的人进行联络,并通过分散的碎片式数据创建、修改和传播内容。Internet运行的tcp/ip协议通过承载这些数据,并不需要使用者提供准确的身份信息和地理信息,即可操作。自从20世纪90年代开始,互联网经济开始高速发展,产生了重要的经济和社会效应,但同时伴随着不断出现的违法活动。这些违法活动在某种程度上是由于上述所强调的互联网的特点(即匿名性、缺乏地点、互联网中立)而引起的。以互联网为基础的经济促进了一种新型私营企业的产生,这些企业的服务主要是提供上网或基于互联网的服务,其服务覆盖了所有人类的活动。其与传统方式的不同在于,从互联网接入数据到数据托管,为商业和社会活动提供一个数字空间,包括允许用户进行在线支付,从提供文件共享平台到提供城市的数字地图。我们称此类提供线上服务的企业为网络服务提供。互联网的原始结构通过优雅的极简设计会显示出某种优势,因为其匿名性、地理位置的模糊性、网络中立性,有利于自由和无边界的网络环境。同时,从另一个角度看,该三个特性也有其弊端:匿名性给在线交易带来了不确定性。用户位置的模糊和行为的多样性降低了在线服务的效率。这就是为什么在实践中,网络服务提供者通过收集信息,以便在互联网原始结构设计上扮演着架构者的作用。与用户不同,网络服务提供者行为更容易被发现,也更易接受法律的制裁。因此,网络服务提供者是最合适规范用户行为的主体,同时主要的监管方式是对用户的行为承担对第三人的侵权法律责任。这种监管方式有利有弊,一方面允许限制网络犯罪,并为受害方提供获得赔偿的机会。另一方面,鼓励了网络服务提供者在其提供的服务中自由表达。由于网路服务提供者是经济经营者,如果对服务提供者规范得过于严苛,其将会通过减少内容来避免承担违法责任,这样将会对言论自由和活跃互联网活动产生重大的影响。本文第一章将深入分析网络服务提供者如何在互联网通讯的原始组织中承担构建者的角色。此外,还将讨论收集规范互联网信息的原因和方式,通过相关规范互联网的理论以论证网络服务提供者应承担对第三人侵权的责任。第二章将分析美国在网络服务提供者责任规定上的变革以及欧盟对美国成功案例的参考。美国的立法具有积极的法理作用。主要的规范是《通讯内容端正法》(Communications Decency Act)第230条,此条收录在美国1996年电信法中。该法是立法者对互联网和言论自由提倡者的第一次重大尝试,因为其对网络服务提供者施加了监控义务,以降低未成年人接触色情材料的风险。美国最高法院(Reno v,ACLU)一案涉及监管机构和言论自由倡导者之间的冲突,美国最高法院认为《电信法案》的大量内容违反了宪法,只保留了第230条中规定网络服务提供者是运营商而非出版商的规定。随后,将分析美国《通讯内容端正法》第230条的立法变革,通过尽可能广的解释,扩大该条的效力。在美国,网络服务提供者依第230条规定,其所有关于用户的行为以及发布的内容均受豁免条款的保护。“数字千年版权法案(Digital Millennium Copyright Act)”第512条是网络服务提供者豁免规则的主要例外。该条规定,在某些情况下,网络服务提供者可能要为侵犯版权承担第三人责任。如本文所述,限制版权侵权的最重要的机制是通知删除系统(被侵权方通知网络服务提供者删除相关信息),该制度旨在促进版权所有者和网络服务提供者之间的合作,且已被证明在制止版权侵权方面是成功的,但仅限于被侵权方是大公司,因为个人经常无法满足第512条规定的严格要求。“数字千年版权法案”第512条引发了欧盟网络服务提供者的责任制度,且没有任何豁免条款。但欧盟的通知删除系统是没有效率的,因为权利人通常需要通过司法系统采取行动,以取得侵权材料。第三章涉及中国的网络服务提供者责任制度。中国的制度不仅没有任何豁免条款,而且“2017网络安全法”规定了较重的监督责任。相关行政法规进一步规定了监督互联网职责。因此,在中国的制度下,网络服务提供者很难凭借不知情的理由进行免责,这是“侵权责任法”第36条规定的网络用户提供者承担责任的条件。正如本文所述,中国的网络服务提供者责任制度可以有效地保护被侵权方的合法权利,但由于中国法并没有考虑网络服务提供者在协助和怂恿违法行为方面的过错程度,中国法院往往只能裁决有限的赔偿金作为对被侵权方损失的赔偿。因此,在某些情况下,有限的赔偿并不会对网络服务提供者的侵权行为产生阻吓效果。第四章涉及不同的立法如何在无国界的环境中共存,例如互联网,以及国家立法如何在全球范围内产生影响。

关键词：网络服务提供者对第三方的侵权责任网络空间治理网络服务提供网络安全法防火墙百度淘宝数字千年版权法案通讯内容端正法

A faraway complex bifurcation hidden behind an occluded left main in an elderly patient

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2023年第5期20卷 383-385页

作者： Gianluca Rigatelli giulio Rodino Giuseppe Marchese Marco Zuin Interventional Cardiology Unit Division of CardiologyMadre Teresa di Calcutta HospitalAULSS 6Ospedali Riuniti Padova SudMonseliceItaly

A82-year-old man,with a previous history of ischemic heart disease due to 3-vessel disease with left main(LM)*** years before he underwent a double coronary artery bypass graft(left internal mammary artery(liMA)to left anterior descending coronary artery(LAD)and saphein graft to Posterior Descending coronary artery(PDA));subsequent follow-up was *** was admitted to our hospital due to an acute coronary syndrome with ST segment abnormalities in the lateral and inferior leads on baseline EKG.

关键词： admitted involvement acute

Applicability of the Arrhenius model for Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria subjected to temperature time gradients

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2015年第6期9卷 988-994页

作者： Alberto MANNUCCI giulio MUNZ Gualtiero MORI Claudio LUBELLO Jan A. OLESZKIEWICZ Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Florence Florence 50139 Italy Consorzio Cuoiodepur Pisa 56020 Italy Department of Civil Engineering University of Manitoba Winnipeg R3T 5V6 Canada

The aim of this work is to identify the range of applicability of Arrhenius type temperature dependence for Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria （AOB） subjected to tem- perature time gradients through continuous titrimetric tests. An innovative online differential titrimetric technique was used to continuously monitor the maximum biologic ammonia oxidation rate of the biomass selected in a pilot scale membrane bioreactor, as a function of temperature time gradients. The monitoring technique is based on the measurement of alkalinity and hydrogen peroxide con- sumption rates in two parallel reactors operated in non- limiting substrate conditions for AOB; both reactors were continuously fed with mixed liquor and in one of them AOB were inhibited with allylthiourea. The effects of temperature decrease rates in the range 1 to 4℃h^-1 were evaluated by controlling the titrimetric reactor in the temperature range 10℃-20℃. The dependence of growth kinetics on temperature time gradients and the range of applicability of Arrhenius model for temperature depen- dency of AOB growth kinetics were assessed. The Arrhenius model was found to be accurate only with temperature gradients lower than 2℃·h^-1. The estimated Arrhenius coefficients （θ） were shown to increase from 1.07 to 1.6 when the temperature decrease rate reached 4℃.h^-1.

关键词： nitrification rate temperature effect contin-uous tilrimetric tests time-gradient temperature variations,Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria (AOB)