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Final results of the first phase of the PROTO-SPHERA experiment: obtainment of the full current stable screw pinch and first evidences of the jet + torus combined plasma configuration

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Plasma Science and Technology 2024年第2期26卷 31-43页

作者： Paolo MICOZZI Franco ALLADIO Alessandro MANCUSO Vincenzo ZANZA Gerarda APRUZZESE Francesca BOMBARDA Luca BONCAGNI Paolo BURATTI Francesco FILIPPI Giuseppe GALATOLA TEKA Francesco GIAMMANCO Edmondo GIOVANNOZZI Andrea GROSSO Matteo IAFRATI Alessandro LAMPASI Violeta LAZIC Simone MAGAGNINO Simone MANNORI Paolo MARSILI Valerio PIERGOTTI giuliano rocchi Alessandro SIBIO Benedetto TILIA Onofrio TUDISCO FSN Dipartimento Fusione e tecnologie per la Sicurezza Nucleare ENEA Agenzia Nazionale per Le Nuove Tecnologie Energia e lo Sviluppo Economico SostenibileFrascati(Rome)00044Italy IAPS Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali INAF Istituto Nazionale di AstrofisicaRome O133Italy Physics Department University of Pisa Faculty of Natural Sciences Mathematics and PhysicsPisa 56127 Italy

In astrophysics, the boundary conditions for plasma phenomena are provided by nature and the astronomer faces the problem of understanding them from a variety of observations [Hester J J et al 1996 Astrophys. J. 456 225], on the other hand, in laboratory plasma experiments the electromagnetic boundary conditions become a major problem in the set-up of the machine that produces the plasma, an issue that has to be investigated step by step and to be modified and adapted with great patience, in particular in the case of an innovative plasma confinement experiment. The PROTO-SPHERA machine [Alladio F et al 2006 Nucl. Fusion 46 S613] is a magnetic confinement experiment, that emulates in the laboratory the jet + torus plasma configurations often observed in astrophysics: an inner magnetized jet of plasma centered on the(approximate) axis of symmetry and surrounded by a magnetized plasma torus orthogonal to this jet. The PROTO-SPHERA plasma is simply connected, i.e., no metal current conducting rod is linked to the plasma torus, while instead it is the inner magnetized plasma jet(in the following always called the plasma centerpost) that is linked to the torus. It is mandatory that no spurious plasma current path modifies the optimal shape of the plasma centerpost. Moreover, as the plasma torus is produced and sustained, in absence of any applied inductive electric field, by the inner plasma centerpost through magnetic reconnections [Taylor J B and Turner M F 1989 *** 29 219], it is required as well that spurious current paths do not surround the torus on its outboard, in order not to lower the efficiency of the magnetic reconnections that maintain the plasma torus at the expense of the plasma centerpost. Boundary conditions have been corrected,up to the point that the first sustainment in steady state has been achieved for the combined plasma.

关键词： laboratory plasmas magnetic confinement astrophysical plasmas

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Two big orifices in the second duodenal portion:A case of an atypical double papilla

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2024年第1期23卷 83-85页

作者： Salvatore Francesco Vadalàdi Prampero Nikola Panic Marco Massidda Chiara rocchi Pierluigi Maria Rinaldi Ana Malenkovic Milutin Bulajic Gastroenterology and GI Endoscopy Department Mater Olbia HospitalOlbia 07026Italy Digestive Endoscopy Unit University Clinic"Dr Dragisa Misovic-Dedinje"Belgrade 11000Serbia Radiology Department Mater Olbia HospitalOlbia 07026Italy

With the advent of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)in the early 1970s,anatomic anomalies of the Vaterian system were described endoscopically[1].Although the occurrence is rare,the common bile duct(CBD)and the pancreatic duct may fail to coalesce during embryologic *** leads to double major papilla because both ducts open into the duodenum separately[1].In this way the cranial duct communicates with the CBD,while the caudal orifice communicates with the pancreatic duct[2].

关键词： orifice Vater atypical

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Emerging roles of autophagy in metabolism and metabolic disorders

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Frontiers in Biology 2015年第2期10卷 154-164页

作者： Altea rocchi Congcong He Department of Cell and Molecular Biology Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University Chicago IL 60611 USA

The global prevalence of metabolic disorders is an immediate threat to human health. Genetic features, environmental aspects and lifestyle changes are the major risk factors determining metabolic dysfunction in the body. Autophagy is a housekeeping stress-induced lysosomal degradation pathway, which recycles macromolecules and metabolites for new protein synthesis and energy production and regulates cellular homeostasis by clearance of damaged protein or organelles. Recently, a dramatically increasing number of literatures has shown that defects of the autophagic machinery is associated with dysfunction of multiple metabolic tissues including pancreatic β cells, liver, adipose tissue and muscle, and is implicated in metabolic disorders such as obesity and insulin resistance. Here in this review, we summarize the representative works on these topics and discuss the versatile roles of autophagy in the regulation of cellular metabolism and its possible implication in metabolic diseases.

关键词： autophagy selective autophagy metabolism metabolic disease obesity diabetes

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New Developments in EMAS： Best Environmental Management Practices

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Chinese Business Review 2017年第2期16卷 96-101页

作者： Andrea rocchi Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy

The EU Eco-Management and Audit Scheme （EMAS）, from the beginning, has evolved over time. In its last updates, it promotes the best environmental management practices through the development of the Sectoral Reference Documents （SRDs） that have to be taken into consideration by the EMAS-registered organizations in assessing their environmental performance. Many organizations and companies have a wide margin to improve their environmental performance. With the aim to improve their eco-efficiency and thus its reputation and the sustainability of their business, many companies want to lower their impact on the environment. To help organizations achieve this goal, the CCR identifies, evaluates, and documents best environmental management practices （BEMPs） for the different sectors, in collaboration with stakeholders. The results of this work are the Sectoral Reference Documents （SRDs） on best practices in environmental management. This activity is part of the European Commission＇s work to implement the system of EU Eco-management and Audit Scheme （EMAS）, a voluntary fi＇amework for enterprises and other organizations to evaluate, report, and improve their environmental performance. In this context, the EU decided in 2009 to promote best environmental management practices through the development of the Sectoral Reference Documents （SRDs）.

关键词： EMAS environmental BEMPs

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How Semiotics Can Improve Our Knowledge on Computing

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Sino-US English Teaching 2013年第12期10卷 914-919页

作者： Paolo rocchi University Luiss Roma Italy

Several computer theorists and professionals share the concepts of ＂signifier＂ and ＂signified＂ in intuitive terms but are often unfamiliar with semiotics. There is a special digital divide between semiotics and the technology, because the semiotic notions are usually expressed through verbal expressions instead engineers use the mathematical language. In the first step, the present study suggests the formal descriptions of the signifier and the signified. In the second step, we show how these formal definitions are able to justify the hardware structure of a computer system, and even other properties of computing which are currently presented on the as-is basis. Concluding, the basic concepts of semiotics can unveil intriguing aspect of information technology

关键词： signifier signified computer science principles of computing

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An Essay on the Prerequisites for the Probability Theory

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Advances in Pure Mathematics 2020年第12期10卷 685-698页

作者： Paolo rocchi Mark Burgin IBM Roma Italy LUISS University Roma Italy UCLA University Los Angeles CA USA

The probability calculus and statistics as well permeate nearly every discipline and professional sector, while no theories underpinning this wide spreading field reached universal consensus so far. The probability interpretations present irreconcilable traits, so the concept of probability is still substantially unclear. Purpose of this work: The present paper intends to demonstrate how the different models of probability constitute the facial problem which conceals another hidden and more fundamental question. Method: We show how authors do not agree with the concept of probability P and moreover they have different ideas about the precise object qualified by P, which has priority from the point of logic. It is clear how the element X measured by P(X) influences its meaning. In consequence of the conflicting opinions, theorists tend toward a compromise. They use the outcome or result of an experiment as the argument X of P(X) and represent X as a subset of the event space. This paper suggests replacing the outcome-subset with the event-triad E, which provides a comprehensive mathematical support. Results: The last section shows how the triadic model is formally consistent with the conventional theories and can integrate the conflicting views on probability. This unifying result can help mathematicians to go beyond the present theoretical deadlock. In summary, this paper advocates a more explicit notation system for probability and points out how probability can be ambiguous without rigorous specification of the sample space and the experiment in general.

关键词： Probability Interpretations Probability Argument Primitives of Probability Theory

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Four Common Properties of Repairable Systems Calculated with the Boltzmann-Like Entropy

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Applied Mathematics 2012年第12期3卷 2026-2031页

作者： Paolo rocchi Gurami Tsitsiashvili IBM Roma Italy&Institute of Applied Mathematics Far Eastern Branch of RAS Institute of Applied Mathematics Far Eastern Branch of RAS Vladivostok Russia

Gnedenko, the father of the modern Reliability Theory, first derived some fundamental properties of reliable systems following rigid deductive logic. This paper shares the deductive method and infers four principal properties of repairable/maintainable systems using the Boltzmann-like entropy. In particular we calculate the reparability function and next discuss the physical meanings of the formal results. Lastly we comment on the broad range of applications and researches which can relate to this study.

关键词： Repairable System Boltzmann-Like Entropy

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An Essay on the Double Nature of the Probability

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Advances in Pure Mathematics 2012年第5期2卷 305-309页

作者： Paolo rocchi Leonida Gianfagna IBM via Shangai 53 Roma Italy

Classical statistics and Bayesian statistics refer to the frequentist and subjective theories of probability respectively. Von Mises and De Finetti, who authored those conceptualizations, provide interpretations of the probability that appear incompatible. This discrepancy raises ample debates and the foundations of the probability calculus emerge as a tricky, open issue so far. Instead of developing philosophical discussion, this research resorts to analytical and mathematical methods. We present two theorems that sustain the validity of both the frequentist and the subjective views on the probability. Secondly we show how the double facets of the probability turn out to be consistent within the present logical frame.

关键词： Theory of Probability Subjectivism Frequentism Theorem of Large Numbers Probability Dualism

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The next detectors for gravitational wave astronomy

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2015年第12期58卷 91-124页

作者： BLAIR David JU Li ZHAO ChunNong WEN LinQing MIAO HaiXing CAI RongGen GAO JiangRui LIN XueChun LIU Dong WU Ling-An ZHU ZongHong HAMMOND Giles PAIK Ho Jung FAFONE Viviana rocchi Alessio BLAIR Carl MA YiQiu QIN JiaYi PAGE Michael School of Physics The University of Western Australia School of Physics and Astronomy University of Birmingham State Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics Institute of Theoretical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences The School of Physics & Electronic Engineering Shanxi University Laboratory of All-Solid-State Light Sources Institute of Semiconductors Chinese Academy of Science State Key Laboratroy of Modern Optical Instrumentation Department of Optical Engineering Zhejiang University Laboratory of Optical Physics Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Gravitational Wave and Cosmology Laboratory Department of Astronomy Beijing Normal University School of Physics and Astronomy SUPA University of Glasgow Department of Physics University of Maryland College Park University of Rome Tor Vergata INFN Roma Tor Vergata

This paper focuses on the next detectors for gravitational wave astronomy which will be required after the current ground based detectors have completed their initial observations, and probably achieved the first direct detection of gravitational waves. The next detectors will need to have greater sensitivity, while also enabling the world array of detectors to have improved angular resolution to allow localisation of signal sources. Sect. 1 of this paper begins by reviewing proposals for the next ground based detectors,and presents an analysis of the sensitivity of an 8 km armlength detector, which is proposed as a safe and cost-effective means to attain a 4-fold improvement in sensitivity. The scientific benefits of creating a pair of such detectors in China and Australia is emphasised. Sect. 2 of this paper discusses the high performance suspension systems for test masses that will be an essential component for future detectors, while sect. 3 discusses solutions to the problem of Newtonian noise which arise from fluctuations in gravity gradient forces acting on test masses. Such gravitational perturbations cannot be shielded, and set limits to low frequency sensitivity unless measured and suppressed. Sects. 4 and 5 address critical operational technologies that will be ongoing issues in future detectors. Sect. 4 addresses the design of thermal compensation systems needed in all high optical power interferometers operating at room temperature. Parametric instability control is addressed in sect. 5. Only recently proven to occur in Advanced LIGO, parametric instability phenomenon brings both risks and opportunities for future detectors. The path to future enhancements of detectors will come from quantum measurement technologies. Sect. 6 focuses on the use of optomechanical devices for obtaining enhanced sensitivity, while sect. 7 reviews a range of quantum measurement options.

关键词： future gravitational wave detectors opto-mechanics quantum limit

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基于OpenFOAM的桥梁主梁断面静气动性能研究

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武汉理工大学学报（交通科学与工程版） 2016年第3期40卷 437-441页

作者：应旭永 ZASSO Alberto 许福友 ARGENTINI Tommaso rocchi Daniele 大连理工大学桥梁工程研究所大连116023 Department of Mechanical Engineering Politecnico di Milanomialno20133

以意大利某斜拉桥为工程背景,通过风洞实验和CFD数值模拟对闭口箱型主梁断面的静气动性能进行了研究.基于开源程序OpenFOAM,数值模拟了方形断面和不同攻角下主梁断面的静气动系数和表面压力系数分布,将模拟得到的结果与实验结果进行了... 详细信息

以意大利某斜拉桥为工程背景,通过风洞实验和CFD数值模拟对闭口箱型主梁断面的静气动性能进行了研究.基于开源程序OpenFOAM,数值模拟了方形断面和不同攻角下主梁断面的静气动系数和表面压力系数分布,将模拟得到的结果与实验结果进行了对比分析,进一步研究了主梁断面下表面圆倒角对静气动性能的影响,并从流场的角度定性的对计算实验结果进行了机理解释.结果表明:OpenFOAM模拟得到的方形断面和不同攻角下主梁断面气动系数和实验结果基本吻合;对于闭口箱型主梁断面,下表面圆倒角对其气动性能有较大的改善作用.

关键词：数值模拟 OpenFOAM 主梁断面气动性能三分力系数

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