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Autoimmune hepatitis treatment in the elderly: A systematic review

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第22期25卷 2809-2818页

作者： Marilena Durazzo giulia Lupi Michela ScANDella Arianna Ferro Gabriella Gruden Department of Medical Sciences University of Turin

BACKGROUND Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a rare chronic inflammatory liver disease with a high risk of progression to liver cirrhosis. The initial treatment for AIH usually includes a steroid, with or without azathioprine. AIH can present at any age;however, the most effective and safe induction treatment for AIH in the elderly remains unclear. AIM To systematically review available data on both effectiveness and safety of AIH treatments in elderly subjects. METHODS To identify studies on AIH induction treatment in elderly patients (≥ 60 years of age), an electronic research was performed (PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases) until February 2019. Eligible studies were selected through screening of titles and abstracts, followed by full-text critical evaluation. After risk of bias assessment, data on study designs, interventions, and outcomes were extracted and reviewed. RESULTS Among the 1736 retrieved papers, 15 studies were selected. Out of them, eight studies were excluded because of a critical risk of bias. The remaining seven studies included 789 patients and out of them 239 subjects were elders. First-line treatment was a steroid either alone or in combination with azathioprine in most patients (87.6%) and only one study investigated the effect of combined steroid and mycophenolate mofetil therapy. Standard therapy was effective in inducing remission in the elderly. Moreover, treatment failure and relapses occurred less often in the elderly compared to younger *** Treatment of AIH is challenging in elderly patients. This systematic review confirms the efficacy and safety of standard induction treatment for AIH in the elderly. Available evidence is insufficient to draw any conclusion on the effect of novel AIH treatments in elderly subjects.

关键词： Autoimmune hepatitis Elderly patients Aged Steroids Azathioprine Mycophenolate mofetil

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Erectile dysfunction and central obesity： an Italian perspective

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2014年第4期16卷 581-591页

作者： Giovanni Corona giulia Rastrelli Sandra Filippi Linda Vignozzi Edoardo Mannucci Mario Maggi Endocrinology Unit Maggiore-Bellaria Hospital Azienda-Usl Bologna Bologna Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit Department of Experimental Clinical and Biomedical Sciences University of Florence Florence Diabetes Agency Careggi Hospital Florence Italy.

Erectile dysfunction （ED） is a frequent complication of obesity. The aim of this review is to critically analyze the framework of obesity and ED, dissecting the connections between the two pathological entities. Current clinical evidence shows that obesity, and in particular central obesity, is associated with both arteriogenic ED and reduced testosterone （T） levels. It is conceivable that obesity-associated hypogonadism and increased cardiovascular risk might partially justify the higher prevalence of ED in overweight and obese individuals. Conversely, the psychological disturbances related to obesity do not seem to play a major role in the pathogenesis of obesity-related ED. However, both clinical and preclinical data show that the association between ED and visceral fat accumulation is independent from known obesity-associated comorbidities. Therefore, how visceral fat could impair penile microcirculation still remains unknown. This point is particularly relevant since central obesity in ED subjects categorizes individuals at high cardiovascular risk, especially in the youngest ones. The presence of ED in obese subjects might help healthcare professionals in convincing them to initiate a virtuous cycle, where the correction of sexual dysfunction will be the reward for improved lifestyle behavior. Unsatisfying sexual activity represents a meaningful, straightforward motivation for consulting healthcare professionals, who, in turn, should take advantage of the opportunity to encourage obese patients to treat, besides ED, the underlying unfavorable conditions, thus not only restoring erectile function, but also overall health.

关键词： androgens erectile dysfunction impotence vasculogenic

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Genotoxicity testing for radon exposure： Dolichopoda （Orthoptera, Rhaphidophoridae） as potential bio-indicator of confined environments

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Current Zoology 2014年第2期60卷 299-307页

作者： Bianca GUSTAVINO Roberta MESCHINI giulia FRANZETTI Paolo GRATTON giuliana ALLEGRUCCI Valerio SBORDONI Department of Biology University of Rome Tor Vergata Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1 00133 Rome Italy Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences Via San Camillo De Lellis snc University of Tuscia 011 O0 Viterbo Italy

Radon represents the major source of natural radioactivity in confined environments. Despite the clear evidence of a direct association between residential exposure and human lung cancer provided by case-control studies, results relating indoor exposure and genotoxic/mutagenic effect induction are still contradictory. The present study attempts to estimate the genotoxic effects induced by exposure to radioactive radon in wild cricket populations sampled from caves where varying concentrations of radon are present. Cave crickets are also tested as possible bio-indicator organisms of genotoxic potential of contaminated residential and confined environments. Six caves in Central Italy are considered covering a broad spectrum of radon radioactivity concentration （221-26,000 Bq/m3）. Dolichopoda specimens were sampled from each cave; both haemocytes and brain cells taken from individuals were tested for responsiveness to DNA damage induced by radon through the Comet assay. Specimens from the least radioactive cave, housed in controlled conditions for 60 days before analysis, were used as control group. Statistically significant increase of DNA damage was found in all groups of individuals from each cave, for both cell types. Very low values of all Comet parameters were found in control group individuals, which gave indications of a good responsiveness of the organism to the variable environmental levels of radioactive contamination. Results indicate that cave crickets represent a reliable tool for the detection of genotoxic potential induced by radioactive contamination of confined environments and can be proposed as a possible bio-indicator system for air （-radioactive） pollution related to indoor exposure [Current Zoology 60 （2）： 299-307, 2014].

关键词： High-LET natural-radioactivity Indoor exposure Cave crickets DNA primary damage Comet assay

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and prosthetic heart valve: An additional coagulative challenge

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2020年第4期11卷 258-259页

作者： Attilio Allione Jacopo Davide Giamello Sara Bernardi giulia Paglietta giulia Lucia Massimina Cavalot Luca Alessio Dutto Daniela Caruso Andrea Tortore Giuseppe Lauria Department of Emergency Medicine Santa Croce and Carle HospitalCuneoItaly School of Emergency Medicine University of TurinTurinItaly

Dear editor,A new infectious disease outbreak,caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),is now spreading all around the world.[1]One of the most critical understandings of the current pandemic of the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)focuses on an imbalanced coagulation *** on the current evidence,we can divide the COVID-19-related hypercoagulable state into two categories[2]:patients without other pre-existing indications for anticoagulant therapy who develop a state of hypercoagulability linked to SARS-CoV-2 infection especially during the cytokine storm phase,and patients already on anticoagulation in whom we have to reevaluate their drug choices,dosages,and *** the same time,recent literature recommends the use of heparin in severe SARS-CoV-2 infection,both as thromboembolic prophylaxis and as an anticoagulant therapy,in light of possible anti-infl ammatory and antiviral mechanisms and less pharmacological interferences.[3]This indication should be adopted in all patients except for those with prosthetic heart valves,in whom vitamin K antagonists continue to remain the drug of choice.[4]In this subgroup of patients,strict monitoring of PT-INR is required to maintain the therapeutic *** purpose of this article is to underline the need for good quality evidence regarding the management of this high-risk category of the patient population.

关键词： dosage vitamin respiratory

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Backward automatic calibration for three-dimensional landslide models

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Geoscience Frontiers 2021年第1期12卷 231-241页

作者： Giacomo Titti giulia Bossi Gordon G.D.Zhou Gianluca Marcato Alessandro Pasuto DICAM-UNIBO Department of CivilChemicalEnvironmental and Materials EngineeringAlma Mater Studiorum University of BolognaViale Risorgimento 2Bologna40136Italy IRPI-CNR Research Institute for Geo-Hydrological ProtectionNational Research CouncilC.so Stati Uniti4Padova35127Italy IMHE-CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Earth Surface Process/Institute of Mountain Hazards and EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesBlock 4Renminnanlu RoadChengdu610041China

Back-analysis is broadly used for approaching geotechnical problems when monitoring data are available and information about the soils properties is of poor *** landslide stability assessment back-analysis calibration is usually carried out by time consuming trial-and-error *** paper presents a new automatic Decision Support System that supports the selection of the soil parameters for three-dimensional models of landslides based on monitoring *** method considering a pool of possible solutions,generated through permutation of soil parameters,selects the best ten configurations that are more congruent with the measured *** reduces the operator biases while on the other hand allows the operator to control each step of the *** final selection of the preferred solution among the ten best-fitting solutions is carried out by an *** operator control is necessary as he may include in the final decision process all the qualitative elements that cannot be included in a qualitative analysis but nevertheless characterize a landslide dynamic as a whole epistemological subject,for example on the base of geomorphological evidence.A landslide located in Northeast Italy has been selected as example for showing the system *** proposed method is straightforward,scalable and robust and could be useful for researchers and practitioners.

关键词： Automatic landslide modelling FLAC3D~(TM) Back-analysis Optimization Decision Support System

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Equilibrium Piezoelectric Potential Distribution in a Deformed ZnO Nanowire

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Nano Research 2009年第8期2卷 624-629页

作者： giulia Mantini Yifan Gao A.DʼAmico C.Falconi Zhong Lin Wang School of Materials Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGeorgia 30332-0245USA Department of Electronic Engineering University of Tor VergataVia del Politecnico 100133 RomaItaly

The equilibrium piezoelectric potential distribution in a deformed ZnO semiconductive nanowire has been systematically investigated in order to reveal its dependence on the donor concentration,applied force,and geometric *** particular,the donor concentration markedly affects the magnitude and distribution of the electric *** a donor concentration of ND>1018 cm-3,the piezopotential is almost entirely *** the other parameters,a variation in the length of the nanowire does not signifi cantly affect the potential distribution.

关键词： Nanogenerator ZnO nanowire

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Clinical Significance of Apurinic/Apyrimidinic Endodeoxyribonuclease 1 and MicroRNA Axis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2023年第6期11卷 1291-1307页

作者： Giovanna Mangiapane Devis Pascut Emiliano Dalla giulia Antoniali Monica Degrassi Lory Saveria Crocè Veronica De Sanctis Silvano Piazza giulia Canarutto Claudio Tiribelli Gianluca Tell Laboratory of Molecular Biology and DNA Repair Department of MedicineUniversity of UdineUdineItaly Fondazione Italiana Fegato-ONLUS Liver Cancer UnitTriesteItaly Department of Medical Sciences University of TriesteTriesteItaly Clinica Patologie Fegato Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina(ASUGI)TriesteItaly NGS Core Facility Department CIBIOUniversity of TrentoTrentoItaly Computational Biology International Centre for Genetic Engineering and BiotechnologyICGEBTriesteItaly

Background and Aims:Identification of prognostic factors for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)opens new perspectives for *** and cellular onco-miRNAs are noncoding RNAs which can control the expression of genes involved in oncogenesis through post-transcriptional *** microRNAs(miRNAs)are considered novel prognostic and predictive factors in *** apurinic/apyrimidinic endodeoxyribonuclease 1(APE1)contributes to the quality control and processing of specific onco-miRNAs and is a negative prognostic factor in several *** present work aims to:a)define APE1 prognostic value in HCC;b)identify miRNAs regulated by APE1 and their relative target genes and c)study their prognostic ***:We used The Cancer Genome Atlas(commonly known as TCGA)data analysis to evaluate the expression of APE1 in *** identify differentially-expressed miRNAs(DEmiRNAs)upon APE1 depletion through specific small interfering RNA,we used NGS and nanostring approaches in the JHH-6 HCC tumor cell *** analyses were performed to identify signaling pathways involving APE1-regulated *** analysis was performed to identify miRNAs correlating with serum APE1 ***:APE1 is considerably overexpressed in HCC tissues compared to normal liver,according to the TCGA-liver HCC(known as LIHC)*** analyses showed that APE1-regulated miRNAs are implicated in signaling and metabolic pathways linked to cell proliferation,transformation,and angiogenesis,identifying Cyclin Dependent Kinase 6 and Lysosomal Associated Membrane Protein 2 as ***-33a-5p,miR-769,and miR-877 are related to lower overall survival in HCC *** array profiling,we identified eight circulating DE-miRNAs associated with APE1 overexpression.A training phase identified positive association between sAPE1 and miR-3180-3p and ***:APE1 regulates specific miRNAs having prognostic value in HCC.

关键词： APE1 miRNAs Prognostic factors Hepatocellular carcinoma

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Helicobacter pylori infection and drugs malabsorption

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第30期20卷 10331-10337页

作者： Edith Lahner Camilla Virili Maria giulia Santaguida Bruno Annibale Marco Centanni Gastrointestinal Unit Department of Digestive and Liver Disease"Sapienza" University of Roma00189 RomaItaly Endocrinology Unit Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies"Sapienza" University of Roma04100 LatinaItaly

Drug absorption represents an important factor affecting the efficacy of oral drug *** secretion and motility seem to be critical for drug absorption.A causal relationship between impaired absorption of orally administered drugs and Helicobacter pylori(***)infection has been *** have been reported between poor bioavailability of l-thyroxine and l-dopa and *** *** to the Maastricht Florence Consensus Report on the management of *** infection,*** treatment improves the bioavailability of both these drugs,whereas the direct clinical benefits to patients still await to be *** strong seems the association between *** infection and other drugs malabsorption,such as delavirdine and *** exact mechanisms forming the basis of the relationship between *** infection and impaired drugs absorption and/or bioavailability are not fully *** infection may trigger a chronic inflammation of the gastric mucosa,and impaired gastric acid secretion often *** reduction of acid secretion closely relates with the wideness and the severity of the damage and may affect drug *** minireview focuses on the evidence of *** infection associated with impaired drug absorption.

关键词： Drug malabsorption Helicobacter pylori gastritis Gastric hypoacidity Thyroxine treatment Thyroxine malabsorption Human immunodeficiency virus Delavirdine L-dopa Parkinson's disease Ketaconazole

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Neuronal and peripheral damages induced by synthetic psychoactive substances: an update of recent findings from human and animal studies

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第5期15卷 802-816页

作者： giulia Costa Maria Antonietta De Luca Gessica Piras Jacopo Marongiu Liana Fattore Nicola Simola Department of Biomedical Sciences University of CagliariCagliariItaly National Institute of Neuroscience (INN) University of CagliariCagliariItaly National Research Council of Italy Institute of NeuroscienceCagliariItaly

Preclinical and clinical studies indicate that synthetic psychoactive substances,in addition to having abuse potential,may elicit toxic effects of varying severity at the peripheral and central ***,toxicity induced by synthetic psychoactive substances poses a serious harm for health,since recreational use of these substances is on the rise among young and adult *** present review summarizes recent findings on the peripheral and central toxicity elicited by “old” and “new” synthetic psychoactive substances in humans and experimental animals,focusing on amphetamine derivatives,hallucinogen and dissociative drugs and synthetic cannabinoids.

关键词： cannabinoids dissociatives hallucinogens ketamine MDMA methamphetamine methoxetamine neuroinflammation neurotoxicity NPS

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The landscape of cognitive impairment in superoxide dismutase 1-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第7期18卷 1427-1433页

作者： Ilaria Martinelli Elisabetta Zucchi Cecilia Simonini giulia Gianferrari Giovanna Zamboni Marcello Pinti Jessica Mandrioli Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program University of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModenaItaly Department of Neurosciences Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di ModenaModenaItaly Department of Biomedical Metabolic and Neural SciencesUniversity of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModenaItaly Department of Life Sciences University of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModenaItaly

Although mutations in the superoxide dismutase 1 gene account for only a minority of total amyotrophic lateral sclerosis cases,the discovery of this gene has been crucial for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis *** the identification of superoxide dismutase 1 in 1993,the field of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis genetics has considerably widened,improving our understanding of the diverse pathogenic basis of amyotrophic lateral *** this review,we focus on cognitive impairment in superoxide dismutase 1-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis *** has mostly reported that cognition remains intact in superoxide dismutase 1-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients,but recent reports highlight frontal lobe function frailty in patients carrying different superoxide dismutase 1-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis *** thoroughly reviewed all the various mutations reported in the literature to contribute to a comprehensive database of superoxide dismutase 1-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis genotype-phenotype *** a resource could ultimately improve our mechanistic understanding of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,enabling a more robust assessment of how the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis phenotype responds to different variants across genes,which is important for the therapeutic strategy targeting genetic *** in superoxide dismutase 1-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis deserves further longitudinal research since this peculiar frailty in patients with similar mutations can be conditioned by external factors,including environment and other unidentified agents including modifier genes.

关键词： amyotrophic lateral sclerosis cognitive impairment genotype-phenotype correlation superoxide dismutase 1

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