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Proton pump inhibitors and dysbiosis: Current knowledge and aspects to be clarified

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第22期25卷 2706-2719页

作者： Giovanni Bruno Piera Zaccari giulia Rocco giulia Scalese Cristina Panetta Barbara Porowska Stefano Pontone Carola Severi Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties Gastroenterology UnitSapienza University of RomeRome 00161Italy Department of Surgical Sciences Sapienza University of RomeRome 00161Italy Department of Cardio-Thoracic Vascular Surgery and TransplantsSapienza University of RomeRome 00161Italy

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are common medications within the practice of gastroenterology. These drugs, which act through the irreversible inhibition of the hydrogen/potassium pump (H+/K+-ATPase pump) in the gastric parietal cells, are used in the treatment of several acid-related disorders. PPIs are generally well tolerated but, through the long-term reduction of gastric acid secretion, can increase the risk of an imbalance in gut microbiota composition (i.e., dysbiosis). The gut microbiota is a complex ecosystem in which microbes coexist and interact with the human host. Indeed, the resident gut bacteria are needed for multiple vital functions, such as nutrient and drug metabolism, the production of energy, defense against pathogens, the modulation of the immune system and support of the integrity of the gut mucosal barrier. The bacteria are collected in communities that vary in density and composition within each segment of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Therefore, every change in the gut ecosystem has been connected to an increased susceptibility or exacerbation of various GI disorders. The aim of this review is to summarize the recently available data on PPI-related microbiota alterations in each segment of the GI tract and to analyze the possible involvement of PPIs in the pathogenesis of several specific GI diseases.

关键词： Proton pump inhibitors Hypochloridria Gut microbiota Dysbiosis Gastrointestinal tract Cancer Helicobacter pylori Gastrointestinal infections

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Code interoperability extends the scope of quantum simulations

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npj Computational Materials 2021年第1期7卷 302-311页

作者： Marco Govoni Jonathan Whitmer Juan de Pablo Francois Gygi giulia Galli Materials Science Division and Center for Molecular Engineering Argonne National LaboratoryLemontIL 60439USA Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Notre DameNotre DameIN 46556USA Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering University of ChicagoChicagoIL 60637USA Department of Computer Science University of CaliforniaDavisCA 95616USA Department of Chemistry University of ChicagoChicagoIL 60637USA

The functionality of many materials is critically dependent on the integration of dissimilar components and on the interfaces that arise between *** description of such heterogeneous components requires the development and deployment of first principles methods,coupled to appropriate dynamical descriptions of matter and advanced sampling techniques,in order to capture all the relevant length and time scales of importance to the materials’*** is thus essential to build simple,streamlined computational schemes for the prediction and design of multiple properties of broad classes of materials,by developing interoperable codes which can be efficiently coupled to each other to perform complex *** discuss the use of interoperable codes to simulate the structural and spectroscopic characterization of materials,including chemical reactions for catalysis,the description of defects for quantum information science,and heat and charge transport.

关键词： quantum catalysis spectroscopic

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A new chelonibiid from the Miocene of Zanzibar (Eastern Africa) sheds light on the evolution of shell architecture in turtle and whale barnacles (Cirripedia: Coronuloidea)

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Integrative Zoology 2022年第1期17卷 24-43页

作者： Alberto COLLARETA William A.NEWMAN giulia BOSIO Giovanni COLETTI Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra Universitàdi PisaPisaItaly Museo di Storia Naturale Universitàdi PisaCalciItaly MBRD Scripps Institution of OceanographyLa JollaCaliforniaUSA Dipartimento di Scienze dell’Ambiente e della Terra Universitàdegli Studi di Milano-BicoccaMilanoItaly

The fossil history of turtle and whale barnacles(Coronuloidea:Chelonibiidae,Platylepadidae,Coronulidae and†Emersoniidae)is fragmentary and has only been investigated in *** inferences and molecular phylogenetic analyses on extant specimens suggest that the roots of whale barnacles(Coronulidae)are to be found among the chelonibiid turtle barnacles,but the hard-part modifications that enabled early coronuloids to attach to the cetacean skin are still largely to be ***,we reappraise a fossil chelonibiid specimen from the Miocene of insular Tanzania that was previously referred to the living species Chelonibia *** largely forgotten specimen is here described as the holotype of the new species†Chelonibia *** similar to ***,†*** exhibits obvious external longitudinal parietal canals occurring in-between external longitudinal parietal septa that abut outwards to form T-shaped flanges,a character so far regarded as proper of the seemingly more derived Coronulidae and *** with these features,the presence of a substrate imprint on the shell exterior indicates that†*** grasped its host’s integument in much the same way as coronulids and platylepadids,albeit without the development of macroscopic parietal buttresses and *** section analyses of the inner parietal architecture of some extant and extinct coronuloids conclusively demonstrate that vestiges of comparable external parietal microstructures are present in some living members of *** observation strengthens the unity of Coronuloidea while significantly contributing to our understanding of the evolution of the coronuloid shell structure in adapting to a diverse spectrum of hosts.

关键词： †Chelonibia zanzibarensis sp.nov. epibiosis evolution functional morphology systematics

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Biomarkers for gastrointestinal adverse events related to thiopurine therapy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第38期27卷 6348-6356页

作者： giulia Zudeh Raffaella Franca Gabriele Stocco giuliana Decorti Department of Life Sciences University of TriesteTrieste 34127Italy Department of Medical Surgical and Health SciencesUniversity of TriesteTrieste 34149Italy Institute for Maternal and Child Health I.R.C.C.S Burlo Garofolo Trieste 34137Italy

Thiopurines are immunomodulators used in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia and inflammatory bowel *** reactions to these agents are one of the main causes of treatment discontinuation or *** is the most frequent adverse effect;however,approximately 5%-20%of patients develop gastrointestinal *** identification of biomarkers able to prevent and/or monitor these adverse reactions would be useful for clinicians for the proactive management of long-term thiopurine *** this editorial,we discuss evidence supporting the use of PACSIN2,RAC1,and ITPA genes,in addition to TPMT and NUDT15,as possible biomarkers for thiopurine-related gastrointestinal toxicity.

关键词： Thiopurines Gastrointestinal adverse effects Biomarkers PACSIN2 RAC1 ITPA

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Dam-break Modeling in Alpine Valleys

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Journal of Mountain Science 2014年第6期11卷 1429-1441页

作者： Marco PILOTTI Andrea MARANZONI Luca MILANESI Massimo TOMIROTTI giulia VALERIO DICATAM Università degli Studi di BresciaVia Branze 43 25123 - Brescia Italy DICATe A Parco Area delle Scienze 181/A43124 - Parma Italy

Dam-break analysis is of great importance in mountain environment,especially where reservoirs are located upstream of densely populated areas and hydraulic hazard should be assessed for land planning ***,there is a need to identify suitable operative tools which may differ from the ones used in flat flood-prone *** paper shows the results provided by a 1D and a 2D model based on the Shallow Water Equations(SWE) for dam-break wave propagation in alpine *** 1D model takes advantage of a topographic toolkit that includes an algorithm for pre-processing the Digital Elevation Model(DEM) and of a novel criterion for the automatic cross-section space *** 2D model is FLO-2D,a commercial software widely used for flood routing in mountain *** order to verify the predictive effectiveness of these numerical models,the test case of the Cancano dam-break has been recovered from the historical study of De Marchi(1945),which provides a unique laboratory data set concerning the consequences of the potential collapse of the former Cancano dam(Northern Italy).The measured discharge hydrograph at the dam also provides the data to test a simplified method recently proposed for the characterization of the hydrograph following a sudden dam-break.

关键词： Dam-break modeling Shallow waterequations Alpine valleys Case study Hydraulic hazard

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Microbiota shaping — the effects of probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplant on cognitive functions: A systematic review

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第39期27卷 6715-6732页

作者： Simone Baldi Tiziana Mundula giulia Nannini Amedeo Amedei Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine University of FlorenceFlorence 50134Italy SOD of Interdisciplinary Internal Medicine Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria CareggiFlorence 50134Italy

BACKGROUND Dementia is a chronic progressive neurological disease affecting millions of people worldwide,and represents a relevant economic burden for healthcare *** its pathogenesis is still unknown,recent findings have reported that a dysregulated gut-brain axis communication,a fundamental relationship mediated by several host and microbial molecules,is associated with cognitive *** addition,gut microbiota manipulation reduces neuroinflammation,improving cognitive function by restoring the functional gut-brain *** To better define the effects of probiotics,prebiotics,synbiotics,and fecal microbiota transplant(FMT)on cognitive *** We performed a literature search of human randomized clinical trials to examine the effects of the administration of probiotics,prebiotics,synbiotics,or FMT on cognition outcomes in healthy or sick people of every age,sex,and *** systematically searched Embase,Medline/PubMed,Cochrane Library,central and *** databases with a combination of comprehensive terms related to cognition and gut microbiota *** we carefully reviewed and synthesized the data by type of study design and setting,characteristics of the studied population,kind of intervention(strain type or mixture type,dosage,and frequency of administration),control treatment,inclusion and exclusion criteria,follow-up duration,and cognitive or memory *** After examining the titles and abstracts,the initial literature screening identified 995 articles,but we added 23 papers in our systematic *** analyses of these selected studies highlighted that both probiotic supplementation and FMT improved cognitive function regardless of the type and posology of administration and the adopted cognitive tests and *** found that most of the studies conducted in healthy people showed a significant positive effect of the intervention on at least one of the performed cognitive ***

关键词： Dementia Cognitive disorders Gut microbiota Probiotics Prebiotics Fecal microbiota transplant

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Sorafenib and metformin: to be, or not to be, that is the question

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2019年第4期8卷 411-413页

作者： giulia Orsi Andrea Casadei-Gardini Division of Medical Oncology Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults University Hospital of Modena Modena Italy

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer worldwide and ranks second among global causes of cancer-related death (1). The epidemiological and etiological landscape of the disease is facing remarkable changes, due to an increasing incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)-associated HCC and a concomitant decrease of virus-related cases over the last two decades in Western countries (1). High prevalence of metabolic syndrome in particular in Caucasian patients is contributing to this trend. Moreover, the growing spread of these metabolic conditions in Asian countries is likely to translate into a significant increase in NAFLD-related HCC in the future even in this geographic area (1). In this scenario, exploring the impact of diabetes and anti-diabetic medications on HCC tumorigenesis and prognosis has become of paramount importance.

关键词： NAFLD translate likely

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Metabolomics profile in gastrointestinal cancers:Update and future perspectives

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第20期26卷 2514-2532页

作者： giulia Nannini Gaia Meoni Amedeo Amedei Leonardo Tenori Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine University of FlorenceFlorence 50134Italy Giotto Biotech Srl and CERM(University of Florence)Florence 50019Italy SOD of Interdisciplinary Internal Medicine Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria CareggiFlorence 50134Italy Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di Metalloproteine Florence 50019Italy

Despite recent progress in diagnosis and therapy,gastrointestinal(GI)cancers remain one of the most important causes of death with a poor prognosis due to late *** tumor markers and detection of occult blood in the stool are the current tests used in the clinic of GI cancers;however,these tests are not useful as diagnostic screening since they have low specificity and low *** that one of the hallmarks of cancer is dysregulated metabolism and metabolomics is an optimal approach to illustrate the metabolic mechanisms that belong to living systems,is now clear that this-omics could open a new way to study *** the last years,nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)metabolomics has demonstrated to be an optimal approach for diseases’diagnosis nevertheless a few studies focus on the NMR capability to find new biomarkers for early diagnosis of GI *** these reasons in this review,we will give an update on the status of NMR metabolomic studies for the diagnosis and development of GI cancers using biological fluids.

关键词： Metabolomics Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Pancreatic cancer Gastric cancer Colorectal cancer Biological fluids

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How to recognize late-onset hypogonadism in men wit sexual dysfunction

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2012年第2期14卷 251-259页

作者： Giovanni Corona giulia Rastrelli Linda Vignozzi Edoardo Mannucci Mario Maggi Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit Department of Clinical Physiopathology University of Florence Florence 50139 Italy Endocrinology Unit Maggiore-Bellaria Hospital Medical Department Azienda-Usl Bologna Bologna 40133 Italy Diabetes Section Geriatric Unit Department of Critical Care University of Florence Florence 50139 Italy

Late-onset hypogonadism （LOH） has been considered the most common form of male hypogonadism with a prevalence of approximately 1 in 100 men. Diagnosis of LOH should be made in symptomatic men with unequivocally low serum testosterone （T） levels. However, its clinical presentation is often insidious and difficult to recognize because it is characterized by nonspecific symptoms that make differential diagnosis with physiological ageing problematic. Sexual dysfunction is the most important determinant for medical consultation and the most specific symptom associated with low T. We therefore analysed a consecutive series of 1734 subjects who attended our unit for sexual dysfunction to investigate the associations between low T （different thresholds）, sexual parameters, medical history data （delayed puberty, pituitary disease or cryptorchidism） and their physical exam results. Metabolic parameters, in particular waist circumference, display the greatest accuracy in detecting low T. We found that only the association of several symptoms and signs could significantly raise the clinical suspicion of low T. Structured inventories, which cluster together symptoms and signs of hypogonadism, can help clinicians suspect androgen deficiency. In particular, structured interviews, such as ANDROTEST, have been demonstrated to have a greater accuracy when compared to self reported questionnaires in detecting low T levels.

关键词： late-onset hypogonadism (LOH) male hypogonadism testosterone sexual dysfunction

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An Analysis of the Dynamic Behavior of Damaged Reinforced Concrete Bridges under Moving Vehicle Loads by Using the Moving Mesh Technique

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Structural Durability & Health Monitoring 2023年第6期17卷 457-483页

作者： Fabrizio Greco Paolo Lonetti Arturo Pascuzzo giulia Sansone Department of Civil Engineering University of CalabriaVia P.BucciCubo39BRendeCosenza87030Italy

This work proposes a numerical investigation on the effects of damage on the structural response of Reinforced Concrete(RC)bridge structures commonly adopted in highway and railway *** effective three-dimensional FE-based numerical model is developed to analyze the bridge’s structural response under several damage scenarios,including the effects of moving vehicle *** particular,the longitudinal and transversal beams are modeled through solid finite elements,while horizontal slabs are made of shell *** phenomena are also incorporated in the numerical model according to a smeared approach consistent with Continuum Damage Mechanics(CDM).In such a context,the proposed method utilizes an advanced and efficient computational strategy for reproducing Vehicle-Bridge Interaction(VBI)effects based on a moving mesh technique consistent with the Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian(ALE)*** proposed model adopts a moving mesh interface for tracing the positions of the contact points between the vehicle’s wheels and the bridge *** modeling strategy avoids using extremely refined discretization for structural members,thus drastically reducing computational *** analyses in terms of damage scenarios are presented to verify how the presence of damage affects the natural frequencies of the structural *** addition,a comprehensive investigation regarding the response of the bridge under moving vehicles is developed,also providing results in terms of Dynamic Amplification Factor(DAFs)for typical design bridge variables.

关键词： Bridge structures moving mesh technique vehicle-bridge interaction dynamics damage mechanics dynamic amplification factors

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