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Microbiota shaping — the effects of probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplant on cognitive functions: A systematic review

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第39期27卷 6715-6732页

作者： Simone Baldi Tiziana Mundula giulia Nannini Amedeo Amedei Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine University of FlorenceFlorence 50134Italy SOD of Interdisciplinary Internal Medicine Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria CareggiFlorence 50134Italy

BACKGROUND Dementia is a chronic progressive neurological disease affecting millions of people worldwide,and represents a relevant economic burden for healthcare *** its pathogenesis is still unknown,recent findings have reported that a dysregulated gut-brain axis communication,a fundamental relationship mediated by several host and microbial molecules,is associated with cognitive *** addition,gut microbiota manipulation reduces neuroinflammation,improving cognitive function by restoring the functional gut-brain *** To better define the effects of probiotics,prebiotics,synbiotics,and fecal microbiota transplant(FMT)on cognitive *** We performed a literature search of human randomized clinical trials to examine the effects of the administration of probiotics,prebiotics,synbiotics,or FMT on cognition outcomes in healthy or sick people of every age,sex,and *** systematically searched Embase,Medline/PubMed,Cochrane Library,central and *** databases with a combination of comprehensive terms related to cognition and gut microbiota *** we carefully reviewed and synthesized the data by type of study design and setting,characteristics of the studied population,kind of intervention(strain type or mixture type,dosage,and frequency of administration),control treatment,inclusion and exclusion criteria,follow-up duration,and cognitive or memory *** After examining the titles and abstracts,the initial literature screening identified 995 articles,but we added 23 papers in our systematic *** analyses of these selected studies highlighted that both probiotic supplementation and FMT improved cognitive function regardless of the type and posology of administration and the adopted cognitive tests and *** found that most of the studies conducted in healthy people showed a significant positive effect of the intervention on at least one of the performed cognitive ***

关键词： Dementia Cognitive disorders Gut microbiota Probiotics Prebiotics Fecal microbiota transplant

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Sorafenib and metformin: to be, or not to be, that is the question

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2019年第4期8卷 411-413页

作者： giulia Orsi Andrea Casadei-Gardini Division of Medical Oncology Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults University Hospital of Modena Modena Italy

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer worldwide and ranks second among global causes of cancer-related death (1). The epidemiological and etiological landscape of the disease is facing remarkable changes, due to an increasing incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)-associated HCC and a concomitant decrease of virus-related cases over the last two decades in Western countries (1). High prevalence of metabolic syndrome in particular in Caucasian patients is contributing to this trend. Moreover, the growing spread of these metabolic conditions in Asian countries is likely to translate into a significant increase in NAFLD-related HCC in the future even in this geographic area (1). In this scenario, exploring the impact of diabetes and anti-diabetic medications on HCC tumorigenesis and prognosis has become of paramount importance.

关键词： NAFLD translate likely

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How to recognize late-onset hypogonadism in men wit sexual dysfunction

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2012年第2期14卷 251-259页

作者： Giovanni Corona giulia Rastrelli Linda Vignozzi Edoardo Mannucci Mario Maggi Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit Department of Clinical Physiopathology University of Florence Florence 50139 Italy Endocrinology Unit Maggiore-Bellaria Hospital Medical Department Azienda-Usl Bologna Bologna 40133 Italy Diabetes Section Geriatric Unit Department of Critical Care University of Florence Florence 50139 Italy

Late-onset hypogonadism （LOH） has been considered the most common form of male hypogonadism with a prevalence of approximately 1 in 100 men. Diagnosis of LOH should be made in symptomatic men with unequivocally low serum testosterone （T） levels. However, its clinical presentation is often insidious and difficult to recognize because it is characterized by nonspecific symptoms that make differential diagnosis with physiological ageing problematic. Sexual dysfunction is the most important determinant for medical consultation and the most specific symptom associated with low T. We therefore analysed a consecutive series of 1734 subjects who attended our unit for sexual dysfunction to investigate the associations between low T （different thresholds）, sexual parameters, medical history data （delayed puberty, pituitary disease or cryptorchidism） and their physical exam results. Metabolic parameters, in particular waist circumference, display the greatest accuracy in detecting low T. We found that only the association of several symptoms and signs could significantly raise the clinical suspicion of low T. Structured inventories, which cluster together symptoms and signs of hypogonadism, can help clinicians suspect androgen deficiency. In particular, structured interviews, such as ANDROTEST, have been demonstrated to have a greater accuracy when compared to self reported questionnaires in detecting low T levels.

关键词： late-onset hypogonadism (LOH) male hypogonadism testosterone sexual dysfunction

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An Analysis of the Dynamic Behavior of Damaged Reinforced Concrete Bridges under Moving Vehicle Loads by Using the Moving Mesh Technique

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Structural Durability & Health Monitoring 2023年第6期17卷 457-483页

作者： Fabrizio Greco Paolo Lonetti Arturo Pascuzzo giulia Sansone Department of Civil Engineering University of CalabriaVia P.BucciCubo39BRendeCosenza87030Italy

This work proposes a numerical investigation on the effects of damage on the structural response of Reinforced Concrete(RC)bridge structures commonly adopted in highway and railway *** effective three-dimensional FE-based numerical model is developed to analyze the bridge’s structural response under several damage scenarios,including the effects of moving vehicle *** particular,the longitudinal and transversal beams are modeled through solid finite elements,while horizontal slabs are made of shell *** phenomena are also incorporated in the numerical model according to a smeared approach consistent with Continuum Damage Mechanics(CDM).In such a context,the proposed method utilizes an advanced and efficient computational strategy for reproducing Vehicle-Bridge Interaction(VBI)effects based on a moving mesh technique consistent with the Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian(ALE)*** proposed model adopts a moving mesh interface for tracing the positions of the contact points between the vehicle’s wheels and the bridge *** modeling strategy avoids using extremely refined discretization for structural members,thus drastically reducing computational *** analyses in terms of damage scenarios are presented to verify how the presence of damage affects the natural frequencies of the structural *** addition,a comprehensive investigation regarding the response of the bridge under moving vehicles is developed,also providing results in terms of Dynamic Amplification Factor(DAFs)for typical design bridge variables.

关键词： Bridge structures moving mesh technique vehicle-bridge interaction dynamics damage mechanics dynamic amplification factors

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Metabolomics profile in gastrointestinal cancers:Update and future perspectives

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第20期26卷 2514-2532页

作者： giulia Nannini Gaia Meoni Amedeo Amedei Leonardo Tenori Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine University of FlorenceFlorence 50134Italy Giotto Biotech Srl and CERM(University of Florence)Florence 50019Italy SOD of Interdisciplinary Internal Medicine Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria CareggiFlorence 50134Italy Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di Metalloproteine Florence 50019Italy

Despite recent progress in diagnosis and therapy,gastrointestinal(GI)cancers remain one of the most important causes of death with a poor prognosis due to late *** tumor markers and detection of occult blood in the stool are the current tests used in the clinic of GI cancers;however,these tests are not useful as diagnostic screening since they have low specificity and low *** that one of the hallmarks of cancer is dysregulated metabolism and metabolomics is an optimal approach to illustrate the metabolic mechanisms that belong to living systems,is now clear that this-omics could open a new way to study *** the last years,nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)metabolomics has demonstrated to be an optimal approach for diseases’diagnosis nevertheless a few studies focus on the NMR capability to find new biomarkers for early diagnosis of GI *** these reasons in this review,we will give an update on the status of NMR metabolomic studies for the diagnosis and development of GI cancers using biological fluids.

关键词： Metabolomics Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Pancreatic cancer Gastric cancer Colorectal cancer Biological fluids

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Implementing Sustainable Municipal Solid Waste Management Practices:Recycling Systems as A Tool to Overcome Waste Issues in Shanghai,China

Implementing Sustainable Municipal Solid Waste Management Pr...

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作者： giulia Barresi 上海交通大学

学位级别：硕士

As one of the many consequences of urbanization,population growth and massive industrialization,the impressive increase in waste production in the last decades has turned China into the world’s top waste generator,after the United *** part of the broader environmental challenge the country is currently facing,the implementation of sustainable Municipal Solid Waste Management（MSWM）practices in Chinese major cities should be a primary concern for the government and public *** practices-already implemented in other Asian capitals and Western countries-include integrated and holistic views of the MSW system,and a hierarchical approach which prioritizes resources-reuse and recycling over incineration and *** is currently the Chinese metropolis implementing the most successful practices of MSWM;despite being praised for the systems implemented,Shanghai is also facing multiple challenges,still heavily relies on landfilling and incineration and lacks of a properly regulated recycling *** on field and literature research,this study carefully analyzes the MSW system currently in place,and identifies（i）better direct financial investment（ii）regulate informal collectors（iii）clarify responsibilities of stakeholders（iv）exchange advanced technologies and know-how with international players,as necessary steps to enhance the recycling systems in the ***,based on a questionnaire survey distributed on social medias,it has been found that the level of education achieved and the existing promotion activities on recycling do not affect Shanghai citizens’ willingness to participate in recycling ***,a statistically significant relationship has been found between both（i）the communities’ efforts to promote such programs and（ii）the appearance of public spaces with the commuters’ satisfaction with the overall MSWM system.

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Can Helicobacter pylori infection influence human reproduction?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第19期20卷 5567-5574页

作者： Elena Moretti Natale Figura giulia Collodel Antonio Ponzetto Collodel Department of Molecular and Developmental MedicineUniversity of Siena53100 SienaItaly Department of Medical Surgical and Neurological SciencesUniversity of Siena and Policlinico S Maria alle Scotte53100 SienaItaly Department of Internal Medicine University of Torino10126 TorinoItaly

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection could be associated with extra-digestive diseases. Here, we report the evidences concerning the decrease in reproductive potential occurring in individuals infected by H. pylori, especially by strains expressing CagA. This infection is more prevalent in individuals with fertility disorders. Infected women have anti-H. pylori antibodies in cervical mucus and follicular fluid that may decrease sperm motility and cross react immunologically with spermatozoa, conceivably hampering the oocyte/sperm fusion. Infection by CagA positive organisms enhances the risk of preeclampsia, which is a main cause of foetus death. These findings are supported by the results of experimental infections of pregnant mice, which may cause reabsorption of a high number of foetuses and alter the balance between Th1 and Th2 cell response. Infected men have decreased sperm motility, viability and numbers of normally shaped sperm and augmented systemic levels of inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α, which may damage spermatozoa. In countries where parasitic infestation is endemic, detrimental effects of infection upon spermatozoa may not occur, because the immune response to parasites could determine a switch from a predominant Th1 type to Th2 type lymphocytes, with production of anti-inflammatory cytokines. In conclusion, the evidences gathered until now should be taken into consideration for future studies aiming to explore the possible role of H. pylori infection on human reproduction.

关键词： Antigenic mimicry Helicobacter pylori infection Human sperm Inflammatory cytokines Preeclampsia Reproductive disorders

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Gender Diversity in the Management Consulting Industry

Gender Diversity in the Management Consulting Industry

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作者： giulia TOGNINI 复旦大学

学位级别：硕士

职场上的性别多样化是一个严重争议的话题,但是有关女性从事咨询行业的研究少之又少。这篇论文通过来自81家咨询公司的数据作为样本,检验了咨询公司女员工和公司绩效之间的关系。本研究首先从质的方面概括了咨询公司高管中女性代表比较... 详细信息

职场上的性别多样化是一个严重争议的话题,但是有关女性从事咨询行业的研究少之又少。这篇论文通过来自81家咨询公司的数据作为样本,检验了咨询公司女员工和公司绩效之间的关系。本研究首先从质的方面概括了咨询公司高管中女性代表比较稀少的原因,以及增加女性高管的比例将给可能给公司带来的利益。接着本研究通过使用多元回归模型进行了数量分析,得到的结果是公司合伙人个人利润和咨询公司合伙人级别的女性比例成正比。这篇文章不仅填补了以咨询公司为核心的性别多样化研究,它同时为在现实中如何对待女性在咨询公司高管中的比例有一定参考意义,公司会从增加职业女性的比例中受益。尽管有关职场女性和领导力这个主题的研究非常多,但是有关这个话题在咨询行业的研究就少之又少(Marsh,2009)。而且,咨询公司新进员工中有40%是女性,而在合伙人级别的研究表明合伙人中女性所占的比例从7%到14%不等(Kumra and Vinnicombe,2008)。我研究职场女性在咨询行业的影响力是由我参加的管理咨询这门课程的一次课堂讨论所引发的,这次讨论围绕AshishNanda的有关专业服务公司的实践频谱展开(Nanda,2004)。当我们沿着这个频谱分析不同公司的技能,能力和利润驱动力的影响时,我们对于咨询行业内生的一些可能从负面角度影响到女性在该行业所占比例的因素进行了辩论。也就是说,一个男性主导的文化背景,长时间的不灵活的工作时间,和非正式社交网络的隔绝,以及指导和赞助的缺乏都是阻止女性在咨询行业中晋升的主要因素(德勤,2005)。我作为对咨询业非常感兴趣的一名女性,于是对女性在该行业的影响力首先进行了粗略的研究。尽管很多咨询公司很积极的研究了女性在500强公司所占比例,我很惊讶的发现几乎没有一家咨询公司对他们自身这个咨询业中女性代表的比例进行过深入研究。在读过一份麦肯锡咨询的名为《Women Matter:Gender Diversity, a Corporate Performance Driver》(McKinsey&Company,2007)的报告之后,我发现报告中指出的500强公司的业绩和女性在领导岗位的比例是有关系的,于是我决定做一项类似的有关咨询业的研究。在本研究中,管理咨询行业将特指包含了战略、信息技术、运营、人力资源、医疗保健、一般业务和管理以及经济咨询公司。我要研究的是分析咨询行业的性别多样化,以及探索咨询公司女性代表比例和公司绩效之间的关系。本研究采用的是全球化视角,这主要是为了避免研究仅仅局限于某几个具体的国家或者地理界限,基于此本研究收集的是全球化的数据(而不是国家数据)。这篇论文将首先讨论咨询行业的特征,重点将放在那些会阻碍女性晋升到合伙人级别的因素方面。紧接着我们会概括的得出现阶段咨询公司中女性在高管中占有比例的概况,然后本文探讨了提高职场上女性比例将会给咨询公司带来哪些好处。而论文的实证部分将集中在研究女性在咨询业中代表的比例和公司利润率之间的关系,实证将使用来自81家咨询公司的相关数据作为研究样本,为了使研究更有效,本论文根据样本中咨询公司的不同特征进行分类,将样本细分为不同的咨询公司组别,进行实证检检。

关键词：性别多样性女性代表公司业绩管理咨询

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Immortalized hippocampal astrocytes from 3xTg-AD mice,a new model to study disease-related astrocytic dysfunction:a comparative review

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第8期18卷 1672-1678页

作者： Laura Tapella giulia Dematteis Armando A Genazzani Massimiliano De Paola Dmitry Lim Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Universitàdel Piemonte Orientale“Amedeo Avogadro”NovaraItaly Department of Neuroscience Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCSMilanoItaly

Alzheimer's disease(AD)is characterized by complex etiology,long-lasting pathogenesis,and celltype-specific ***,there is no cure for AD,emphasizing the urgent need for a comprehensive understanding of cell-specific ***,principal homeostatic cells of the central nervous system,are key players in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases,including *** models greatly facilitate the investigation of cell-specific pathological alterations and the dissection of molecular mechanisms and ***-derived and immortalized astrocytic cell lines,alongside the emerging technology of adult induced pluripotent stem cells,are widely used to study cellular dysfunction in ***,no stable cell lines were available from genetic mouse AD ***,we established immortalized hippocampal astroglial cell lines from amyloid-βprecursor protein/presenilin-1/Tau triple-transgenic(3xTg)-AD mice(denominated as wild type(WT)-and 3Tg-iAstro cells)using retrovirus-mediated transduction of simian virus 40 large T-antigen and propagation without clonal selection,thereby maintaining natural heterogeneity of primary *** groups have successfully used 3Tg-iAstro cells for single-cell and omics approaches to study astrocytic AD-related alterations of calcium signaling,mitochondrial dysfunctions,disproteostasis,altered homeostatic and signaling support to neurons,and blood-brain barrier *** we provide a comparative overview of the most used models to study astrocytes in vitro,such as primary culture,tumor-derived cell lines,immortalized astroglial cell lines,and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived *** conclude that immortalized WT-and 3Tg-iAstro cells provide a noncompetitive but complementary,low-cost,easy-to-handle,and versatile cellular model for dissection of astrocyte-specific AD-related alterations and preclinical drug discovery.

关键词： Alzheimer's disease astrocytes immortalization astroglial Alzheimers's disease model blood-brain barrier calcium signaling central nervous system homeostasis disproteostasis endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria contacts induced pluripotent stem cell-derived astrocytes protein synthesis

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Efficient light harvesting from flexible perovskite solar cells under indoor white light-emitting diode illumination

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Nano Research 2017年第6期10卷 2130-2145页

作者： giulia Lucarelli Francesco Di Giacomo Valerio Zardetto Mariadriana creatore Thomas M. Brown Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy (CHOSE) Department of Electronic Engineering University of Rome Tor Vergata Via del Politecnico 100133 Rome Italy Hoist Centre/TNO - Solliance 5655AE Eindhoven the Netherlands Department of Applied Physics Eindhoven University of Technology P.O. Box 513 5600 MB Eindhoven the Netherlands

This is the first report of an investigation on flexible perovskite solar cells for artificial light harvesting by using a white light-emitting diode （LED） lamp as a light source at 200 and 400 Ix, values typically found in indoor environments. Flexible cells were developed using either low-temperature sol-gel or atomic- layer-deposited compact layers over conducting polyethylene terephthalate （PET） substrates, together with ultraviolet （UV）-irradiated nanoparticle TiO2 scaffolds, a CH3NHBPbI3xClx perovskite semiconductor, and a spiro-MeOTAD hole transport layer. By guaranteeing high-quality carrier blocking （via the 10-40 nm-thick com- pact layer） and injection （via the nanocrystalline scaffold and perovskite layers） behavior, maximum power conversion efficiencies （PCE） and power densities of 10.8% and 7.2 pW-cm-2, respectively, at 200 lx, and 12.1% and 16.0 -tW＇cm-2, respectively, at 400 lx were achieved. These values are the state-of-the-art, comparable to and even exceeding those of flexible dye-sensitized solar cells under LED lighting, and significantly greater than those for flexible amorphous silicon, which are currently the main flexible photovoltaic technologies commercially considered for indoor applications. Furthermore, there are significant margins of improvement for reaching the best levels of efficiency for rigid glass-based counterparts, which we found was a high of PCE -24% at 400 lx. With respect to rigid devices, flexibility brings the advantages of being low cost, lightweight, very thin, and COlfformal, which is especially important for seamless integration in indoor environments.

关键词： flexible perovskite solar cells indoor light harvesting atomic layer deposition nanocrystalline scaffolds flexible photovoltaics energy harvesting

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