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State and Development:Changes in Livelihood Strategies in Garhwal with Special Reference to Ecotourism in the Gangotri Region

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Journal of Mountain Science 2004年第3期1卷 223-238页

作者： gitanjali chaturvedi Doctoral Scholar Centre for Political StudiesJawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi India Currently Consultant Bay of Bengal Programme-Inter Governmental Organisation 91 St Mary’s Road Chennai 600018 India

The object of the paper is to provide an insight into the changes in livelihood strategies of the people in the Garhwal Himalayas over time. From sustaining an economy based on transit trade and subsistence agriculture, there has been a shift towards tourism in recent times. This shift has been due to the tradition of pilgrimage to the higher reaches and also due to promotion by the state by developing infrastructure and providing incentives. The paper is divided into four parts. In the first part, the policies of the colonial state and the events leading to the destruction of forests and the impoverishment of the self-sustaining semi-pastoral economy in the Garhwal Himalayas are outlined. It is argued that the destruction of forests and subsequently, the economy of the Himalayas were directly responsible for the large-scale migration to the plains. This also led to further exploitation of forests by the people who were unfamiliar with any other form of livelihood. The paper also discusses the policies of the newly independent Indian state and sees them as an extension of the British policy of large-scale exploitation of Himalayan forests for the purpose of development and economic growth. In the third section, the growth of ecotourism as a direct outcome of the process of deforestation and as resulting fostered monopolies of groups external to the region thereby contributing neither to the income or the development in the area. In addition, there is an added threat to the environment–deforestation, and erosion–a direct outcome of increased and unplanned tourism. Such problems demand state intervention and management of tourism. The conclusion to the paper asserts that in order that the requirements of the society to progress and to sustain itself in its natural habitat are not compromised, it is essential to increase the process of democratization by strengthening local structures and by vesting the community with the autonomy to determine its future. The paper the

关键词： Gangotri Garhwal Himalayas ecotourism Uttaranchal participation

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Ensemble for evaluating diagnostic efficacy of non-invasive indices in predicting liver fibrosis in untreated hepatitis C virus population

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World Journal of Methodology 2024年第3期14卷 90-105页

作者： Navneet Kaur gitanjali Goyal Ravinder Garg Chaitanya Tapasvi Umit Demirbaga Department of Biochemistry Guru Gobind Singh Medical College and HospitalFaridkot 151203PunjabIndia Department of Biochemistry All India Institute of Medical SciencesBathinda 151005PunjabIndia Department of Medicine Guru Gobind Singh Medical College and HospitalBaba Farid University of Health SciencesFaridkot 151203PunjabIndia Department of Radiodiagnosis Guru Gobind Singh Medical College and HospitalBaba Farid University of Health SciencesFaridkot 151203India Department of Computer Engineering Bartin UniversityBartin 74100Türkiye Department of Medicine University of CambridgeCambridge CB20QQUnited Kingdom European Bioinformatics Institute Wellcome GenomeCambridge CB101SDUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUND Hepatitis C virus(HCV)infection progresses through various phases,starting with inflammation and ending with hepatocellular *** are several invasive and non-invasive methods to diagnose chronic HCV *** invasive methods have their benefits but are linked to morbidity and ***,it is important to analyze the potential of non-invasive methods as an *** wave elastography(SWE)is a non-invasive imaging tool widely validated in clinical and research studies as a surrogate marker of liver *** fibrosis determination by invasive liver biopsy and non-invasive SWE agree closely in clinical studies and therefore both are gold *** To analyzed the diagnostic efficacy of non-invasive indices[serum fibronectin,aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index(APRI),alanine aminotransferase ratio(AAR),and fibrosis-4(FIB-4)]in relation to *** have used an Artificial Intelligence method to predict the severity of liver fibrosis and uncover the complex relationship between non-invasive indices and fibrosis *** We have conducted a hospital-based study considering 100 untreated patients detected as HCV positive using a quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction *** performed statistical and probabilistic analyses to determine the relationship between non-invasive indices and the severity of *** also used standard diagnostic methods to measure the diagnostic accuracy for all the *** The results of our study showed that fibronectin is a highly accurate diagnostic tool for predicting fibrosis stages(mild,moderate,and severe).This was based on its sensitivity(100%,92.2%,96.2%),specificity(96%,100%,98.6%),Youden’s index(0.960,0.922,0.948),area under receiver operating characteristic curve(0.999,0.993,0.922),and Likelihood test(LR+>10 and LR-200),AAR(>1),APRI(>3),and FIB-4(>4)were all strongl

关键词： Hepatitis C virus Non-invasive biomarkers Shear wave elastography Fibronectin Bayesian network Machine learning Liver fibrosis

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Role of small bowel capsule endoscopy in the diagnosis and management of iron deficiency anemia in elderly: A comprehensive review of the current literature

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第26期20卷 8416-8423页

作者： Adnan Muhammad gitanjali Vidyarthi Patrick Brady Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition University of South FloridaMorsani College of Medicine Division of Gastroenterology James A Haley VA Hospital

Iron deficiency anemia(IDA)is common and often under recognized problem in the *** may be the result of multiple factors including a bleeding lesion in the gastrointestinal *** percent of elderly patients with IDA have a negative upper and lower endoscopy and two-thirds of these have a lesion in the small bowel(SB).Capsule endoscopy(CE)provides direct visualization of entire SB mucosa,which was not possible *** is superior to push enteroscopy,enteroclysis and barium radiography for diagnosing clinically significant SB pathology resulting in *** is one of the commonest lesions seen on the CE in elderly with *** diagnostic yield of CE for IDA progressively increases with advancing age,and is highest among patients over 85 years of *** assisted enteroscopy is used to treat the lesions seen on *** has some limitations mainly lack of therapeutic capability,inability to provide precise location of the lesion and false positive *** CE is a very safe and effective procedure for the evaluation of IDA in elderly.

关键词： Small bowel Capsule endoscopy Iron deficiency anemia Elderly Diagnostic yield

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IGMAP： An Interactive Mapping and Clustering Platform for Plants

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Molecular Plant 2015年第5期8卷 818-821页

作者： Piyush Priya Nitesh Bandhiwal Gopal Misra Subhashish Mondal gitanjali Yadav Computational Biology Laboratory National Institute of Plant Genome Research Aruna Asaf Ali Marg New Delhi India

Next-generation sequencing （NGS） technologies have resulted in a massive surge of high-throughput genomic data, particu- larly for the plant kingdom, boosting the development of methods for gene family discovery and identification of clus- tering patterns at genomic scales. Plants are well known for the occurrence of both genic and chromosoma~ duplications that have resulted in the widespread existence of gene families in this kingdom, apart from being associated with subsequent evolutionary divergence via sub-functionalization or neo- functionalization （Flagel and Wendel, 2009）. These divergent mechanisms eventually lead to the formation of gene clusters, which in turn, have been shown to confer selective advantages to the genome including co-inheritance and co- regulation （Fischbach et ai., 2008）. Although gene clusters have been conventionally understood to be the genetic building blocks of prokaryotic genomes, comparative genomic studies have revealed the presence of functionally related genes that are clustered in lower nematodes, fungi, and several higher eukaryotes （Zorio et al., 1994; Blumenthal, 1998; Lee and Sonnhammer, 2003; Hurst et al., 2004; Thomas, 2006）. However, very few data are available on the modularity or clustered linkage of genes in plants, despite the widespread occurrence of duplication events in the kingdom. In this regard, recent reports of biosynthetic modules and clustered organization of genes spotted in several major classes of plant-derived secondary metabolites arising through neo-functionalization and relocation of duplicated or existing genes, have offered an exciting niche （Osbourn, 2010）. The presently available approaches for the identification and analysis of plant gene clusters include map-based cloning, for- ward and reverse genetics, and genome mining. As the wealth of plant genome sequence data continues to increase exponen- tially, newer methods are going to be required to carry out genome mining in a rational and useful

关键词： IGMAP Mapping Platform

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An Analytical Framework for Disconnection Prediction in Wireless Networks

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International Journal of Communications, Network and System Sciences 2014年第6期7卷 165-174页

作者： gitanjali Bhutani WCDMA Alcatel-Lucent Technologies India Private Limited Bangalore India

The stability and reliability of links in wireless networks is dependent on a number of factors such as the topology of the area, inter-base station or inter-mobile station distances, weather conditions and so on. Link instability in wireless networks has a negative impact on the data throughput and thus, the overall quality of user experience, even in the presence of sufficient bandwidth. An estimation of link quality and link availability duration can drastically increase the performance of these networks, allowing the network or applications to take proactive measures to handle impending disconnections. In this paper we look at a mathematical model for predicting disconnection in wireless networks. This model is originally intended to be implemented in base stations of cellular networks, but is independent of the wireless technology and can thus be applied to different types of networks with minimum changes.

关键词： Wireless Networks Mobility Modeling Disconnection Prediction

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Application of Machine-Learning Based Prediction Techniques in Wireless Networks

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International Journal of Communications, Network and System Sciences 2014年第5期7卷 131-140页

作者： gitanjali Bhutani WCDMA Alcatel-Lucent Technologies India Private Limited Bangalore India

Wireless networks are key enablers of ubiquitous communication. With the evolution of networking technologies and the need for these to inter-operate and dynamically adapt to user requirements, intelligent networks are the need of the hour. Use of machine learning techniques allows these networks to adapt to changing environments and enables them to make decisions while continuing to learn about their environment. In this paper, we survey the various problems of wireless networks that have been solved using machine-learning based prediction techniques and identify additional problems to which prediction can be applied. We also look at the gaps in the research done in this area till date.

关键词： Wireless Networks Prediction Machine Learning Ubiquitous Communication Pervasive Computing

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Potential role of noninvasive biomarkers during liver fibrosis

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World Journal of Hepatology 2021年第12期13卷 1919-1935页

作者： Navneet Kaur gitanjali Goyal Ravinder Garg Chaitanya Tapasvi Sonia Chawla Rajneet Kaur Department of Biochemistry Guru Gobind Singh Medical College and HospitalBaba Farid University of Health SciencesFaridkot 151203PunjabIndia Department of Medicine Guru Gobind Singh Medical College and HospitalBaba Farid University of Health SciencesFaridkot 151203PunjabIndia Department of Radiodiagnosis Guru Gobind Singh Medical College and HospitalBaba Farid University of Health SciencesFaridkot 151203PunjabIndia

Various types of liver disease exist,such as hepatitis and alcoholic liver *** liver diseases can result in scarring of liver tissue,cirrhosis,and finally liver *** liver fibrosis,there is an excess and disorganized accumulation of extracellular matrix(ECM)components which cause the loss of normal liver cell *** patients with chronic liver disease,fibrosis prediction is an essential part of the assessment and *** diagnose liver fibrosis,several invasive and noninvasive markers have been ***,the adoption of invasive markers remains limited due to their inherent characteristics and poor patient acceptance *** contrast,noninvasive markers can expedite the clinical decision through informed judgment about disease stage and *** noninvasive markers are classified into two types:Imaging techniques and serum ***,the diagnostic values of biomarkers associated with liver fibrosis have also been *** example,the serum levels of ECM proteins can react to either matrix accumulation or *** virus-host interactions,several regulatory steps take place to control gene expression,such as the change in cellular microRNA expression *** are a class of non-coding RNAs(18-20 long nucleotides)that function by post-transcriptional regulation of gene *** various noninvasive markers have been suggested in recent years,certain limitations have restricted their clinical *** the potential of non-invasive biomarkers as a therapeutic option to treat liver fibrosis is still in progress.

关键词： Liver fibrosis Non-invasive biomarkers Viral hepatitis MicroRNA Cirrhosis Fibroscan

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Safety of gastrointestinal endoscopy with conscious sedation in obstructive sleep apnea

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2017年第11期9卷 552-557页

作者： Christian M Andrade Brijesh Patel Meghana Vellanki Ambuj Kumar gitanjali Vidyarthi the James A. Haley Veterans Affairs Department of Gastroenterology Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine University of South Florida Tampa Comparative Effectiveness Research Morsani College of Medicine University of South Florida

AIM To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the safety of conscious sedation in patients with obstructive sleep apnea(OSA).METHODS A comprehensive electronic search of MEDLINE and EMBASE was performed from inception until March 1, 2015. In an effort to include unpublished data, abstracts from prior gastroenterological society meetings as well as other reference sources were interrogated. After study selection, two authors utilizing a standardized data extraction form collected the data independently. Any disagreements between authors were resolved by consensus among four authors. The methodological quality was assessed using the Newcastle Ottawa tool for observational studies. The primary variables of interest included incidence of hypoxia, hypotension, tachycardia, and bradycardia. Continuous data were summarized as odds ratio(OR) and 95%CI and pooled using generic inverse variance under the random-effects model. Heterogeneity between pooled studies was assessed using the I2 *** Initial search of MEDLINE and EMBASE identified 357 citations. A search of meeting abstracts did not yield any relevant citations. After systematic review and exclusion consensus meetings, seven studies met the a priori determined inclusion criteria. The overall methodological quality of included studies ranged from moderate to low. No significant differences between OSA patients and controls were identified among any of the study variables: Incidence of hypoxia(7 studies, 3005 patients; OR = 1.11; 95%CI: 0.73-1.11; P = 0.47; I2 = 0%), incidence of hypotension(4 studies, 2125 patients; OR = 1.10; 95%CI: 0.75-1.60; P = 0.63; I2 = 0%), incidence of tachycardia(3 studies, 2030 patients; OR = 0.94; 95%CI: 0.53-1.65; P = 0.28; I2 = 21%), and incidence of bradycardia(3 studies, 2030 patients; OR = 0.88; 95%CI: 0.63-1.22; P = 0.59; I2 = 0%).CONCLUSION OSA is not a significant risk factor for cardiopulmonary complications in patients undergoing endoscopic procedures

关键词： Conscious sedation Obstructive sleep apnea Endoscopy Complications Safety Meta-analysis

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Surgical Audit of Sino-Nasal Diseases in a Tertiary Care Centre—A Prospective Study

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International Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery 2015年第5期4卷 369-374页

作者： Ganesh Kumar Balasubramanian Ramanathan Thirunavukkarasu Ramesh Babu Kalyanasundaram gitanjali Narendran Thanjavur Medical College Thanjavur India

Aims of the study: 1) To study the distribution of various Sino-nasal diseases in our region;2) To emphasize the significance of Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery. Material and methods: This surgical study was carried out in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Thanjavur Medical College, Thanjavur. The study period was from 21st March 2014 to 20th March 2015 (267 cases). After a preliminary examination, all patients were subjected to Diagnostic Nasal Endoscopy followed by radiological examination. Based on the symptoms and the findings, patients were treated by surgery (mainly FESS), pharmacotherapy, and chemo-radiotherapy. Results: In our study, the majority of cases were deviated nasal septum with sinusitis about 62% (165 cases). The other cases were antrochoanal polyp 8% (21 cases), ethmoidal polyposis 9% (23 cases) and others 21% (51 cases). The age group vulnerable for these diseases is 20 - 40 years. Males are affected more commonly than females. Conclusion: Majority of the cases were treated by Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery. So we have to improve the surgical skills in this field to achieve a good outcome.

关键词： Pure Tone Audiogram Conductive Deafness Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss Ototoxicity Presbyacusis Noise Induced Hearing Loss

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Assessment of Hearing Status by Pure Tone Audiogram—An Institutional Study

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International Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery 2015年第5期4卷 375-380页

作者： Ganesh Kumar Balasubramanian Ramanathan Thirunavukkarasu Ramesh Babu Kalyanasundaram gitanjali Narendran Thanjavur Medical College Thanjavur India

Aim: To assess the hearing status of the study subjects in terms of degree and type of hearing loss, and establish the burden of this disability in the society. Materials and methods: This is a prospective study conducted in patients who attend our OPD. After an otorhinolaryngeal examination, all the patients were subjected to pure tone audiometry using MAICA-MA52 audiometer. Results: Our study comprises 1012 males (64%) and 563 females (36%). Out of this, about 15% have conductive deafness and 42% have sensorineural hearing loss. About 29% suffer from mild hearing loss, 26% moderate and 11% severe hearing loss. The alarming information is that about 5% have total hearing loss of Sudden Sensorineural type (SSNHL). Conclusion: Pure tone audiometry is cost effective and easy to perform. Early diagnosis and timely intervention will reduce the morbidity of deafness in our country. Hence it is necessary to identify and treat sudden sensorineural hearing loss and noise induced hearing loss at an early stage.

关键词： Pure Tone Audiogram Conductive Deafness Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss Ototoxicity Presbyacusis Noise Induced Hearing Loss

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