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Dynamics of the ruminal microbial ecosystem, and inhibition of methanogenesis and propiogenesis in response to nitrate feeding to Holstein calves

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Animal Nutrition 2021年第4期7卷 1205-1218页

作者： Abimael Ortiz-Chura Jose Gere gisela marcoppido Gustavo Depetris Silvio Cravero Claudia Faverin Cesar Pinares-Patino Angel Cataldi d Maria E.Ceron-Cucchi Institute of Pathobiology CICVyA National Institute of Agricultural TechnologyIPVetUEDD INTA-CONICETHurlinghamC1686Argentina Engineering Research and Development Division National Technological University(UTN)National Scientific and Technical Research Council(CONICET)Buenos AiresC1179Argentina Agricultural Experimental Station of Balcarce National Institute of Agricultural Technology(INTA)BalcarceB7620Argentina Institute of Agrobiotechnology and Molecular Biology IABIMONational Institute of Agricultural Technology(INTA)National Scientific and Technical Research Council(CONICET)HurlinghamC1686Argentina The Agribusiness Group Lincoln UniversityPO Box 85016Lincoln7674New Zealand

It is known that nitrate inhibits ruminal methanogenesis,mainly through competition with hydrogenotrophic methanogens for available hydrogen(H2)and also through toxic effects on the ***,there is limited knowledge about its effects on the others members of ruminal microbiota and their *** this study,we investigated the effects of dietary nitrate inclusion on enteric methane(CH4)emission,temporal changes in ruminal microbiota,and fermentation in Holstein *** animals were maintained in individual pens for 45 *** were randomly allocated to either a control(CTR)or nitrate(NIT,containing 15 g of calcium nitrate/kg dry matter)*** emissions were estimated using the sulfur hexafluoride(SF6)tracer *** microbiota changes and ruminal fermentation were evaluated at 0,4,and 8 h *** this study,feed dry matter intake(DMI)did not differ between dietary treatments(P>0.05).Diets containing NIT reduced CH4 emissions by 27%(g/d)and yield by 21%(g/kg DMI)compared to the CTR(P0.05)but differed with time,and post-feeding(P<0.05).Increases in the concentrations of ruminal ammonia nitrogen(NH3-N)and acetate were observed,whereas propionate decreased at 4 h post-feeding with the NIT diet(P<0.05).Feeding the NIT diet reduced the populations of total bacteria,total methanogens,Ruminococcus albus and Ruminococcus flavefaciens,and the abundance of Succiniclasticum,Coprococcus,Treponema,Shuttlewortia,Succinivibrio,Sharpea,Pseudobutyrivibrio,and Selenomona(P<0.05);whereas,the population of total fungi,protozoa,Fibrobacter succinogenes,Atopobium and Erysipelotrichaceae L7 AE11 increased(P<0.05).In conclusion,feeding nitrate reduces enteric CH4 emissions and the methanogens population,whereas it decreases the propionate concentration and the abundance of bacteria involved in the succinate and acrylate pathways.D

关键词： Methane emission Nitrate Microbiota Ruminal fermentation

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Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome From Hyperemesis Gravidarum

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Maternal-Fetal Medicine 2024年第1期6卷 54-56页

作者： Vaishnavi Jagat Patel Jennifer Vu gisela Mercado Sreenivas Avula Shad Deering University of the Incarnate Word School of Osteopathic Medicine San AntonioTX 78235USA Department of Pediatrics Children’s Hospital of San AntonioSan AntonioTX 78207USA Baylor College of Medicine HoustonTX 77030USA Department of Radiology Children’s Hospital of San AntonioSan AntonioTX 78207USA Department of Radiology Baylor College of MedicineHoustonTX 77030USA Department of OB/GYN Children’s Hospital of San AntonioSan AntonioTX 78207USA Department of OB/GYN Baylor College of MedicineHoustonTX 77030USA

To editor:Wernicke encephalopathy(WE)is an acute neurological disorder caused by a deficiency of vitamin B1(thiamine),with a prevalence of 1.3%in autopsy studies.1 Eighty-four percent of patients with WE will develop Korsakoff syndrome,which is characterized by amnesia and confusion.2 Although WE is more common in alcoholics,it can also be caused by vomiting,malnourishment,and other situations.

关键词： Hyperemesis gravidarum Wernicke's encephalopathy Pregnancy complication Wernicke-korsakoff

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Demonstrating grating-based phase-contrast imaging of laser-driven shock waves

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第4期9卷 90-97页

作者： Leonard Wegert Stephan Schreiner Constantin Rauch Bruno Albertazzi Paulina Bleuel Eric Frojdh Michel Koenig Veronika Ludwig Artem SMartynenko Pascal Meyer Aldo Mozzanica Michael Müller Paul Neumayer Markus Schneider Angelos Triantafyllidis Bernhard Zielbauer gisela Anton Thilo Michel Stefan Funk Plasma Physics Department GSI Helmholtzzentrum fur SchwerionenforschungPlanckstraBe 164291 DarmstadtGermany Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics(ECAP) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NurnbergNikolaus-Fiebiger-StraBe 291058 ErlangenGermany LULI-CNRS CEASorbonne UniversitésEcole PolytechniqueInstitut Polytechnique de ParisF-91120 Palaiseau CedexFrance Paul Scherrer Institut(Psi) Forschungsstrasse 1115232VilligenSwitzerland Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Institute of Microstructure TechnologyHermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344 Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany

Single-shot X-ray phase-contrast imaging is used to take high-resolution images of laser-driven strong shock *** a two-grating Talbot interferometer,we successfully acquire standard absorption,differential phase-contrast,and dark-field images of the shocked *** agreement is demonstrated between experimental data and the results of two-dimensional radiation hydrodynamics simulations of the laser-plasma *** main sources of image noise are identified through a thorough assessment of the interferometer’s *** acquired images demonstrate that grating-based phase-contrast imaging is a powerful diagnostic tool for high-energy-density *** addition,we make a novel attempt at using the dark-field image as a signal modality of Talbot interferometry to identify the microstructure of a foam target.

关键词： interaction shock phase

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Pointing gesture in a bird- merely instrumental or a cognitively complex behavior？

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Current Zoology 2011年第4期57卷 453-467页

作者： gisela KAPLAN Centre for Neuroscience and Animal Behaviour Faculty of Arts and Science University of New England Armidale NSW- 2351 Australia Queensland Brain Institute The University of Queensland Brisbane Qld 4072 Australia

Gestures, particularly pointing, are regarded as important pre-speech acts. Intentional and referential pointing has been shown previously in humans and apes but not in songbirds, although some avian species show cognitive abilities rivaling those of apes, and their brain structures and functions show putative preconditions for referential gestural signaling （i.e. mirror neurons, links of vocal learning nuclei to discrete brain areas active during limb and body movements）. The results reported are based on trials testing predator detection and responses to a taxidermic model of a wedge-tailed eagle by Australian magpies Gymnorhina tibicen. Magpies were subjected to three conditions of finding this model in their territory （open, sheltered and hidden）. In the sheltered and bidden conditions, the discoverer simultaneously engaged in alarm calls and beak pointing, a behavior that has not been described previously. Other group members at once assembled and, after watching the first bird, adopted the same posture by pointing to the location of the intruder. The question is whether beak and body movements orienting towards important stimuli or events are instances of arousal, imitation or intentional communication. The latter presupposes that onlookers interpret the signal and respond by altering their own behavior appropriate to the original stimulus and not merely by imitating the first signaler. Evidence presented here indicates that the act of pointing may well be a complex cognitive behavior, i.e., an intentional and referential signal, showing that pointing is not limited to having hands and arms [Current Zoology 57 （4）： 453-467, 2011].

关键词： Pointing Birds Cognition Communication Intentional signaling

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CD40 interacts directly with RAG1 and RAG2 in autoaggressive T cells and Fas prevents CD40-induced RAG expression

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2013年第6期10卷 483-489页

作者： gisela M Vaitaitis David H Wagner Jr Department of Medicine and Webb-Waring Center University of Colorado Denver Aurora CO USA

CD4＋ T cells expressing CD40 （Th40 cells） constitute a pathogenic T-cell subset that is necessary and sufficient to transfer autoimmune disease. We have previously demonstrated that CD40 signals peripheral Th40 cells to induce RAG1 and RAG2 expression, proteins necessary for the expression of T-cell receptor （TCR）, leading to TCR revision. The dependency of TCR expression in the thymus on RAG proteins has long been known. However, despite numerous publications, there is controversy as to whether TCR expression can be altered in the periphery, post-thymic selective pressures. Therefore, a better understanding of TCR expression in primary peripheral cells is needed. We now show that the CD40 protein itself interacts with RAG1 and RAG2 as well as with Ku70 and translocates to the nucleus in Th40 cells. This indicates that the CD40 molecule is closely involved in the mechanism of TCR expression in the periphery. In addition, Fas signals act as a silencing mechanism for CD40-induced RAGs and prevent CD40 translocation to the nucleus. It will be important to further understand the involvement of CD40 in peripheral TCR expression and how TCR revision impacts auto-antigen recognition in order to effectively target and tolerize autoaggressive T cells in autoimmune disease.

关键词： autoimmunity CD40 Fas RAG T-cell receptor

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The Difficult Path from Perception to Precautionary Action-Participatory Modeling as a Practical Tool to Overcome the Risk Perception Paradox in Flood Preparedness

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2018年第4期9卷 472-485页

作者： gisela Wachinger Patrick Keilholz Coral O’Brian DIALOGIK GmbH 70176 StuttgartGermany DHI WASY GmbH 81671 MunichGermany

The risk perception paradox illustrates the perception of natural hazards as not directly related to a willingness to act or engage in precautionary behavior. Yet the utilization of participatory processes can help to overcome this gap. In a practical example in the watershed of the Danube River and its contributing streams in Germany,we aimed to solve questions about the value of participatory modeling as a method to bridge the gap linked to flood polder planning and a relocation of a dike for protection against high floods(centennial floods and rarer). Local communities, citizen initiatives, and nongovernmental environmental organizations joined together for round table discussions initiated by the water management authorities. A participatory modeling process enabled these diverse stakeholders to engage with the experts who built the groundwater models for the planning process. As part of this study, two case studies are presented. In the first example, neutral mediators assisted the round table ‘‘Flood Polder Katzau(Danube)'' in order to cultivate mutual trust and understanding between the authorities and the former opponents of the project. This process is still ongoing,challenged by long-term planning and the more immediate obstacle of current political changes. The second case studyis located on the river Alz, a tributary of the river Inn,which flows into the Danube, where the relocation of a dike was planned. This article demonstrates how participatory modeling contributes to bridging the gap between a local resident's risk perception and real action in the case of flood preparedness.

关键词： Bavaria Flood hazard Flood perception Flood risk Germany Participatory modeling Precautionary action

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One size does not fit all: Refining zircon provenance interpretations via integrated grain shape, geochronology, and Hf isotope analysis

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Geoscience Frontiers 2023年第4期14卷 230-244页

作者： gisela Gartmair Milo Barham Christopher L.Kirkland Timescales of Mineral Systems Group School of Earth and Planetary SciencesCurtin UniversityGPO Box U1987PerthWA 6845Australia

Sediment provenance studies commonly utilize isotopic signatures to resolve detrital mineral sources and ***,non-unique ages and geochemical characteristics across geographically distinct crystalline source regions can lead to significant ambiguities in mineral provenance *** ambiguity is apparent in southern Australia’s Cenozoic Eucla Basin,which hosts world-class heavy mineral sand ***,new Hf isotope data are provided from four heavy mineral prospects(N=8,n=844[N=samples,n=grains]).Zircon grain shape data are also presented for a suite of detrital Eucla Basin samples(N=22,n=35,604)and the basin’s underlying basement,the Coompana Province(N=13,n=824).The data are integrated with published detrital and non-detrital primary zircon data to investigate the efficacy of grain shape analysis to better resolve the basin’s mineral *** Hf isotope compositions indicate a primary Mesoproterozoic juvenile source for zircon melts(~1250-1000 Ma,-2.5~+5)with additional contributions from a range of juvenile to evolved late Archean to Phanerozoic-aged zircon bearing magmas(-28.0+11).U-Pb geochronology and Hf isotopes are incapable of differentiating Mesoproterozoic-aged source rocks bounding the region for the majority of heavy mineral deposits analyzed as potential sources express overlapping crystallization ages and similarities in Hf-isotope ***,distinct zircon grain shapes(i.e.,perimeter,major axis and circularity)facilitate improved differentiation across these Mesoproterozoic *** of U-Pb age,Hf isotope and shape data implicate the underlying Madura and Coompana provinces as dominant sediment sources for Eucla Basin detritus aged~1400-1000 *** lack of direct sediment pathways between the underlying basement provinces and placer sediments analyzed demonstrates the significance of zircon reworking from intermediate sedimentary basins in the formation of the economically significa

关键词： Isotope fingerprinting Grain shape analysis Sediment provenance Sediment routing Heavy mineral sands Eucla Basin

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Cis-hydroxyproline-induced inhibition of pancreatic cancer cell growth is mediated by endoplasmic reticulum stress

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第10期12卷 1569-1576页

作者： Christoph Mueller Joerg Emmrich Robert Jaster Dagmar Braun Stefan Liebe gisela Sparmann Department of Medicine Division of Gastroenterology University of RostockGermany Riemser Arzneimittel AG Greifswald Germany Supported by the Bundeministerium für Bildung und Forschunggrant 01ZZ0108

AIM： To investigate the biological effects of cishydroxyproline （CHP） on the rat pancreatic carcinoma cell line DSL6A, and to examine the underlying molecular mechanisms. METHODS： The effect of CHP on DSL6A cell proliferation was assessed by using BrdU incorporation. The expression of focal adhesion kinase （FAK） was characterized by Western blotting and immunofluorescence. Induction of endoplasmic reticulum （ER） stress was investigated by using RT-PCR and Western blotting for the glucose-related protein-78 （GRP78） and growth arrest and DNA inducible gene （GADD153）. Cell viability was determined through measuring the metabolic activity based on the reduction potential of DSL6A cells. Apoptosis was analyzed by detection of caspase-3 activation and cleavage of poly（ADP-ribose） polymerase （PARP） as well as DNA laddering. RESULTS： In addition to inhibition of proliferation, incubation with CHP induced proteolytic cleavage of FAK and a delocalisation of the enzyme from focal adhesions, followed by a loss of cell adherence. Simultaneously, we could show an increased expression of GRP78 and GADD153, indicating a CHP-mediated activation of the ER stress cascade in the DSL6A cell line. Prolonged incubation of DSL6A cells with CHP finally resulted in apoptotic cell death. Beside L-proline, the inhibition of intracellular proteolysis by addition of a broad spectrum protease inhibitor could abolish the effects of CHP on cellular functions and the molecular processes. In contrast, impeding the activity of apoptosis-executing caspases had no influence on CHP-mediated cell damage.CONCLUSION： Our data suggest that the initiation of ER stress machinery by CliP leads to an activation of intracellular proteolytic processes, including caspaseindependent FAK degradation, resulting in damaging pancreatic carcinoma cells.

关键词： Cis-hydroxyproline Pancreatic cancer cell endoplasrnic reticulurn stress FAK Caspase-3

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选择冲洗法在碳纳米管内部填充金属粒子

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新型炭材料 2008年第1期23卷 17-20页

作者：傅强 gisela Weinberg 苏党生 Fritz-Haber-Institut der MPG Faradayweg4-6D-14195BerlinGermany Fritz-Haber-Institut der MPG Faradayweg4-6D-14195 BerlinGermany

报道一种直接合成纳米碳管衍生材料的方法。利用纳米碳管的表面张力和毛细管作用,经过注入和选择冲洗法的两步法,制备填充铁、钴和镍的纳米碳管。通过选择合适的注入和洗脱溶液,金属粒子只会填充在纳米管内部。使用扫描电镜和扫描透射... 详细信息

报道一种直接合成纳米碳管衍生材料的方法。利用纳米碳管的表面张力和毛细管作用,经过注入和选择冲洗法的两步法,制备填充铁、钴和镍的纳米碳管。通过选择合适的注入和洗脱溶液,金属粒子只会填充在纳米管内部。使用扫描电镜和扫描透射电镜研究证实金属粒子仅存在于纳米碳管内部。

关键词：纳米碳管毛细管作用选择填充金属粒子

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Promiscous female Euxesta eluta derive nutrients for ovarian development by expelling and consuming ejaculates

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Insect Science 2020年第3期27卷 545-557页

作者： Solana Abraham gisela Castillo Viviana Diaz Guido Van Nieuwenhove Gabriela Murua Juan Rull Laboratorio de Investigaciones Ecoetologicas de Moscas de la Fruta y sus Enemigos Naturales(LIEMEN) PROIMI-BiotecnologiaCONICETTucumanArgentina Fundacion Miguel Ullo Instde EntomologiaDepto ZoologiaMiguel Lillo 251San Miguel de TucumanTucumanArgentina Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e I.M.L Universidad Nacional de TucumanSan Miguel de TucumanTucumanArgentina Estacion Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres(EEAOC)_ITANOA CONICET TucumanArgentina

Seminal gifts range from important material donations to items that provide little direct benefit to ***,female silk corn flies Euxesta eluta expel and consume male ejaculates immediately after *** evolution and function of this peculiar behavior are currently *** performed a series of experiments aimed to:determine if females under different dietary regimes derive nutrients or water for survival and/or reproduction from ejaculate consumption,if males suffer a fitness cost from supplying females with ejaculates,and if females prefer to mate and/or are more likely to store sperm from well fed than nutritionally stressed presumably inferior *** revealed that protein deprived *** females derive nutrients for ovarian development through consumption of ejaculates of protein fed *** seminal products affecting survival appear to be transferred in the consumed ***,ovarian development,in contrast to testes growth,occurs in detriment of *** preferred to mate with protein fed males,yet sperm retention in spermathecae was extremely rare after a single *** finding suggests that females could be exerting post copulatory control.A key question that remained to be addressed for the understanding of this puzzling and promiscuous mating system is what ecological factors or male traits drive females to retain sperm from one or several males in order to achieve and/or maximize fertilization potential.

关键词： anautogeny polyandry postcopulatory female control seminal gifts sperm storage

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