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The first pterosaur 3-D egg:Implications for Pterodaustro guinazui nesting strategies,an Albian filter feeder pterosaur from central Argentina

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Geoscience Frontiers 2014年第6期5卷 759-765页

作者： Gerald Grellet-Tinner Michael b.Thompson Lucas E.Fiorelli Eloísa Argaaraz Laura Codorniú E.Martín Hechenleitner Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica de La Rioja (CRILAR-CONICET) Entre Ríos y Mendoza s/nAnillaco5301 La RiojaArgentina Orcas Island Historical Museums USA School of biological Sciences (A08) University of SydneyNSW 2006Australia CONICET Argentina Centro de Investigaciones Paleobiológicas (CIPAL) Universidad Nacional de CórdobaAv.Vélez Sarsfield 2995000 CórdobaArgentina Departamento de Geología Universidad Nacional de San LuisSan LuisArgentina

The increasing number of fossil pterosaur eggs sheds light on nesting environments and breeding be- haviors of these extinct flying reptiles. Here we report the first partial three-dimensional egg of the pterosaur, Pteroduustro guinazui, from central Argentina. The specimen was discovered from the same Albian deposits as the exceptional R guinazui embryo described in 2004. Microscopic characterizations indicate a pristine preservation of the 50 bm thick calcium carbonate, which differs significantly from the soft shell of Chinese pterosaur eggs. Estimate of the eggshell conductance implies that the nest had a minimum moisture content of 75%. This moisture estimate, combined with geological and taphonomical data, suggests that P. guinazui may have adopted a nesting strategy similar to those of grebes and flamingos rather than being buried on land, as previously hypothesized. Moreover, our results demon- strate that the nesting paleoenvironment of this pterosaur species was closely linked to a mesohaline lacustrine ecosystem in a basin governed by regional tectonic subsidence, a setting characteristic for the feeding and reproduction of modern flamingos.

关键词： Pterosaur fossil eggsPterosaur eggshellPterodaustro guinazuiGondwanaEggshell conductance

Comparison between CbR and CA methods for estimating land use change in Dongguan, China

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2012年第4期22卷 716-736页

作者： DU Yunyan GE Yong v.Chris LAKHAN SUN Yeran CAO Feng State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System Institute of Geographic Science and Natural Resources ResearchCASBeijing 100101China Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences University of WindsorON N9B 3P4Canada

Many studies on land use change （LUC）, using different approaches and models, have yielded good results. Applications of these methods have revealed both advantages and limitations. However, LUC is a complex problem due to influences of many factors, and variations in policy and natural conditions. Hence, the characteristics and regional suitability of different methods require further research, and comparison of typical approaches is required. Since the late 1980s, CA has been used to simulate urban growth, urban sprawl and land use evolution successfully. Nowadays it is very popular in resolving the LUC estimating problem. Casebased reasoning （CbR）, as an artificial intelligence technology, has also been employed to study LUC by some researchers since the 2000s. More and more researchers used the CbR method in the study of LUC. The CA approach is a mathematical system constructed from many typical simple components, which together are capable of simulating complex behavior, while CbR is a problem-oriented analysis method to solve geographic problems, particularly when the driving mechanisms of geographic processes are not yet understood fully. These two methods were completely different in the LUC research. Thus, in this paper, based on the enhanced CbR model, which is proposed in our previous research （Duet aL 2009）, a comparison between the CbR and CA approaches to assessing LUC is presented. LUC in Dongguan coastal region, China is investigated. Applications of the improved CbR and the cellular automata （CA） to the study area, produce results demonstrating a similarity estimation accuracy of 89% from the improved CbR, and 70.7% accuracy from the CA. From the results, we can see that the accuracies of the CA and CbR approaches are both 〉70%. Although CA method has the distinct advantage in predicting the urban type, CbR method has the obvious tendency in predicting non-urban type. Considering the entire analytical process, the preprocessing workload in CbR is le

关键词： artificial intelligence case-based reasoning land use changes spatial relationship cellular automata Dongguan coastal region, China

Assessing impact of land use and climate change on regulating ecosystem services in the Czech Republic

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Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 2016年第3期2卷 1-13页

作者： Eliška Krkoška Lorencová Zuzana v.Harmáčková Lucie landová Adam Pártl David vačkář Global Change Research Institute The Czech Academy of SciencesBělidla 986/4a60300BrnoCzech Republic Faculty of Humanities Charles University in PragueU Kříže 815000Prague 5-JinoniceCzech Republic Environment Center Charles University in PragueJ.Martího 2/40716200Prague 6Czech Republic

Ecosystem services,defined as benefits provided by ecosystem functioning to society,are essential to human *** to global environmental change and related anthropogenic drivers,ecosystems are often degraded,which hinders the delivery of ecosystem *** study aims to quantify the impacts of land use and climate change on two regulating ecosystem services-carbon sequestration and water purification in terms of nitrogen retention in the Czech *** employing approaches of scenarios and modeling,we illustrate current and potential future status of these ecosystem *** results show that among the ecosystem change drivers,one of the dominant domestic land-use change of ALARM bAMbU(business-As Might be Usual)scenario is change of arable land and grassland to forest area that increases by 4.5%in 2080 compared to *** results of ecosystem service modeling based on bAMbU scenario for the years 2050 and 2080 indicate that the highest yearly carbon sequestration rate occurred in 2000-2050,reaching 640 GgC·yr^(−1),2000-2080 shows decline in this regulating service by 16%.Average nitro-gen leaching to water streams reached 0.75 kgN·ha^(−1)·yr^(−1)for bAMbU in 2050 scenario and 0.80 kgN·ha^(−1)·yr^(−1)for bAMbU in 2080 scenario as a result of decreasing nitrogen load,which suggested a decrease in nitrogen pollution compared to *** ecosystem services have not been extensively mainstreamed into research and policies in eastern European countries,we aim to contribute to improvement of knowledge on current status and potential future pathways of the provision of regulating ecosystem services in the Czech Republic.

关键词： Czech Republic drivers ecosystem services InvEST modeling scenarios Special Feature:Ecosystem Management in Transition in Central and Eastern Europe

A knowledge base model for evaluation of bio-physical tendency of dryland

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2004年第1期14卷 25-31页

作者： R JANA M v KHIRE Centre of Studies in Resources Engineering Indian Institute of Technology PowaiMumbai-400 076 IndiaCentre of Studies in Resources Engineering Indian Institute of Technology PowaiMumbai-400 076 India

The present study aims the evaluation of bio-physical characteristics towards soil-water-vegetation stress and a rule is envisaged to assess the degree of temporal changes. The digital rule for assessment is initialized through the index of land Instability (ILI) where the variance indicates the temporal instability of the pixel i.e., smallest land unit. It is assumed that the biophysical characteristic of land is in command of land-dynamics where there is no change in land Use/land Cover (LU&LC). The intensity map on tendency of albedo (IALb) assesses the intensity of soil erosion and water stress whereas intensity map on tendency of NDvI (INDvI) appraises the stress on vegetation. The carry-out study covers a part of semiarid Western India. Primarily remote sensing technique, which carries the digital information of land temporally and spatially, is adopted in this paper. A part of the study area is represented using two sets of IRS 1A/1b LISS-I data of March with a decadal time domain (1989-1998) as a test area. It is assumed that the soil-water-vegetation stress is maximum during summer(March-April-May) in any tropical belt and decadal data will stretch the possibility of climate as well as man-made activity over the land.

关键词： assessment biophysical tendency degeneration land instability semiarid land India

Effects of land Use Change on land Degradation Reflected by Soil Properties along Mara River, Kenya and Tanzania

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2015年第1期5卷 20-38页

作者： Ally-Said Matano Canisius K. Kanangire Douglas N. Anyona Paul O. Abuom Frank b. Gelder Gabriel O. Dida Philip O. Owuor Ayub v. O. Ofulla Lake victoria basin Commission Secretariat Kisumu Kenya School of Environment and Earth Sciences Maseno University Maseno Kenya Probe International Inc. Auckland New Zealand School of Public Health and Community Development Maseno University Maseno Kenya Department of Chemistry Maseno University Maseno Kenya

Human-induced changes to natural landscapes have been identified as some of the greatest threats to freshwater resources. The change from natural forest cover to agricultural and pastoral activities is rampant especially in the upper Mara River catchment (water tower), as well as along the course of the Mara River. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of land use change on the physico-chemical properties of soil (bulk density, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and pH) along the course of the Mara River. Five major land uses (agricultural lands, livestock/pastoral lands, forested lands, conservancy/game reserves, and natural wetland) were explored. Results revealed that the mean soil bulk density was 0.956 g/cm3 and differed significantly between sites (p ve biomass values differed significantly between sampling sites (land use types) within the Mara River basin (F(4, 147) = 8.57, p ver a period of 150 minutes differed, not only among sampling sites, but also between different sides of the river (left and right) within the same sampling site. Soil pH was generally acidic across the five sites and varied significantly (F(4, 63) = 19.26, p tween sites along the Mara River basin. The mean percentage soil nitrogen across all sampling blocks was 4.87%, with significant differences observed in percentage soil nitrogen (F (4, 63) = 3.26, p between sampling sites. The results indicated that the five land use types affected land degradation differently along the Mara River, while adjacent land degradation affected water physico-chemical properties. These results point to the need to have focused policies on integrated land and water resource management strategies in the Mara River basin.

关键词： Catchment Area land Degradation land Use Types Mara River Riparian land

Application of rough set-based analysis to extract spatial relationship indicator rules： An example of land use in Pearl River Delta

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2011年第1期21卷 101-117页

作者： GE Yong CAO Feng DU Yunyan LAKHAN v. Chris WANG Yingjie LI Deyu State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research CAS Beijing 100101 China Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Windsor ON N9B 3P4 Canada School of Computer & Information Technology of Shanxi University Taiyuan 030006 China

Spatial relations,reflecting the complex association between geographical phenomena and environments,are very important in the solution of geographical issues. Different spatial relations can be expressed by indicators which are useful for the analysis of geographical issues. Urbanization,an important geographical issue,is considered in this paper. The spatial relationship indicators concerning urbanization are expressed with a decision table. Thereafter,the spatial relationship indicator rules are extracted based on the application of rough set theory. The extraction process of spatial relationship indicator rules is illustrated with data from the urban and rural areas of Shenzhen and Hong Kong,located in the Pearl River Delta. land use vector data of 1995 and 2000 are used. The extracted spatial relationship indicator rules of 1995 are used to identify the urban and rural areas in Zhongshan,Zhuhai and Macao. The identification accuracy is approximately 96.3%. Similar procedures are used to extract the spatial relationship indicator rules of 2000 for the urban and rural areas in Zhongshan,Zhuhai and Macao. An identification accuracy of about 83.6% is obtained.

关键词： rough set theory spatial relations spatial indicator rules land use change

二次正交旋转组合设计优化罗伊乳杆菌发酵培养基

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中国生物制品学杂志 2008年第6期21卷 527-530页

作者：朱战波刘宇贾永全张军崔玉东黑龙江八一农垦大学动物科技学院大庆163319 黑龙江八一农垦大学生命科技学院大庆163319

目的优化猪源罗伊乳杆菌的发酵培养基4个组分的配比。方法应用SASv8.0统计分析软件中的二次正交旋转组合设计方案进行试验设计,并通过响应面法分析各因素对响应值的效应关系。结果优化后培养基各组分比例为:大豆蛋白胨5%,葡萄糖1%,酵母... 详细信息

目的优化猪源罗伊乳杆菌的发酵培养基4个组分的配比。方法应用SASv8.0统计分析软件中的二次正交旋转组合设计方案进行试验设计,并通过响应面法分析各因素对响应值的效应关系。结果优化后培养基各组分比例为:大豆蛋白胨5%,葡萄糖1%,酵母浸粉1.7%,低聚糖0.3%。应用此配比进行了3次重复发酵试验,A620的平均值为1.073,与预测值(1.092)基本相符。结论二次正交旋转组合设计结合响应面法可用于发酵培养基组分的优化和分析。

关键词：罗伊乳杆菌发酵培养基二次正交旋转组合设计响应面法

Rice and Climate Change:It’s Significance towards Achieving Food Security in Nigeria:A Review

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Journal of Geographical Research 2021年第1期4卷 18-27页

作者： Diagi b.E Edokpa D.O Suzan Ajiere Department of Environmental Management Federal University of TechnologyOwerriNigeria Department of Geography and Environmental Management Rivers State UniversityPort HarcourtNigeria Department of Geography and Environmental Management University of Port HarcourtNigeria

Climate change is already impacting on every aspect of man life on earth especially in the agricultural sectors of developing *** Nigeria,and indeed the world over,seasons are shifting,temperatures are rising,landscapes are changing and sea levels are *** weather events like drought and flood are becoming more frequent and pronounced.[3]stressed on the fact that Agriculture will suffer from major damage caused by changes in climate especially in the African *** is one of the African country that is highly vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change,as Nigeria is still practicing rain fed agriculture[16].The impact of climate change is experienced in form of extreme climatic events like flooding,severe heats,and droughts which has led to the degradation of soil and consequently low yield in *** will have consequences for rice cultivation in Nigeria,where the dominating climatic factor relied on by farmers in the choice of when to prepare the land for planting,the actual planting,the types of crop variety to plant and harvesting of crop is rainfall[23,24].The implication of this will be interference with food security as rice is an essential food crop in Nigeria that is consumed by a large number of the population.[26]has warned that hunger in Africa will be worsen by adverse effects of climate change,as it threatens the capacity of vulnerable countries like Nigeria to guarantee food security,eradicate poverty and actualize sustainable development in *** increasing rate of inadequacy in food supply in the world leading to different form of malnutrition is worrisome and more needs to be done in the areas of agriculture so as to guarantee food security to some extent and improve on nourishment,if a world without hunger is to be achieved by 2030.

关键词： Rice Climate change Agriculture Food security Nigeria

Situational Analysis Climate Change Impacts on the Livelihood and Adaptive Solutions of the Coastal Communities:A Case of Phu Tan District,Ca Mau Province

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(b) 2021年第6期10卷 237-250页

作者： Pham Chi Trung Duong Quoc Huy Doan van Hue Nguyen văn Chien Center for Training and International Cooperation Vietnam Academy for Water ResourcesHa Noi City 11555Viet Nam South Institute for Water Resources Researches HCM City 750100Viet Nam

The Mekong River Delta has 7 coastal provinces including Tien Giang,ben Tre,Tra vinh,Soc Trang,bac Lieu,Ca Mau and Kien ***,Ca Mau province which exposes to both the East and West sea with a coastline of 254 m(6 coastal districts:Dam Doi,Nam Can,Ngoc Hien,Phu Tan,Tran van Thoi,U Minh)in the recent years,has been severely influenced by climate *** Ca Mau province has lost nearly 10,000 ha of land and coastal forests;infrastructure and properties of local people along rivers have been eroded and seriously damaged;production activities are vulnerable to sea level rise and other hydro-meteorological *** life of coastal people mainly depends on agricultural *** main income is agricultural production,forestry,aquaculture and *** paper aims to provide a situational analysis on how climate change and natural disasters affect the livelihoods of coastal communities in Ca Mau Province.A case study is conducted for Phu Tan District that addresses problems and proposes urgent measures for climate change adaptation in the near-and long-term planning.

关键词： Climate change livelihood coastal communities Ca Mau province