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The potential for an old-growth forest to store carbon in the topsoil:A case study at Sasso Fratino,Italy

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Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第2期35卷 23-32页

作者： Tommaso Chiti Nicola benilli giovanni Mastrolonardo Giacomo Certini Dipartimento per la Innovazione nei Sistemi biologici Agroalimentari e Forestali(DIBAF)Universitàdella TusciaVia San C.de Lellis Snc01100 ViterboItaly Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agrarie AlimentariAmbientali e Forestali(DAGRI)Universitàdegli Studi di FirenzeP.le delle Cascine 1850144 FirenzeItaly

There is considerable interest devoted to oldgrowth forests and their capacity to store carbon(C)in biomass and *** of C stocks in old-growth forests are carried out worldwide,although there is a lack of information on their actual potential for C *** further understand this,soil organic carbon(SOC)was measured in one of Italy's best-preserved old-growth forests,the Sasso Fratino Integral Nature *** reserve is on the World Heritage List along with other ancient beech forests of Europe,and it is virtually untouched due to the steepness of the terrain,even before legal constraints were *** the sandstone-derived soils are often shallow,they are rich in organic ***,no quantification had been carried *** systematically sampling the topsoil across the forest,we accurately determined the average amount of SOC(62.0±16.9 Mg ha^(–1))and nitrogen(4.0±1.2 Mg ha^(–1))in the top 20 *** the CENTURY model,future dynamics of SOC stocks were predicted to 2050 according to two climate scenarios,A1F1 and b2,the first of high concern and the second more *** model projected an increase of 0.2 and 0.3 Mg ha^(–1)a^(–1)by 2030 under the A1F1 and b2 scenarios,respectively,suggesting that the topsoil in old-growth forests does not reach equilibrium but continues accumulating ***,from 2030 to 2050,a decline in SOC accumulation is predicted,indicating SOC net loss at high altitudes under the worst-case *** study confirms that soils in oldgrowth forests play a significant role in carbon *** also suggests that climate change may affect the potential of these forests to store SOC not only in the long term but also in the coming years.

关键词： Carbon sequestration CENTURY model Climate change Forest soil Soil nitrogen

Combining thermal scanning probe lithography and dry etching for grayscale nanopattern amplification

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第1期10卷 335-344页

作者： berke Erbas Ana Conde-Rubio Xia Liu Joffrey Pernollet Zhenyu Wang Arnaud bertsch Marcos Penedo Georg Fantner Mitali banerjee Andras Kis giovanni boero Juergen brugger Microsystems Laboratory École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne(EPFL)Lausanne 1015Switzerland Center of MicroNanoTechnology(CMi) EPFLLausanne 1015Switzerland Laboratory of Nanoscale Electronics and Structures École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne(EPFL)Lausanne 1015Switzerland Laboratory for bio-and Nano-Instrumentation École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne(EPFL)Lausanne 1015Switzerland Laboratory of Quantum Physics Topology and CorrelationsÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne(EPFL)Lausanne 1015Switzerland Present address:Institute of Materials Science of barcelona ICMAb-CSIC Campus UABBellaterra 08193Spain Present address:School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-Dimensional Quantum Structure and DevicesBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China

Grayscale structured surfaces with nanometer-scale features are used in a growing number of applications in optics and *** scanning probe lithography achieves a lateral resolution below 10 nm and a vertical resolution below 1 nm,but its maximum depth in polymers is ***,we present an innovative combination of nanowriting in thermal resist and plasma dry etching with substrate cooling,which achieves up to 10-fold amplification of polymer nanopatterns into SiO_(2) without proportionally increasing surface *** nanopatterns in SiO_(2) with 400 nm pitch and 150 nm depth are fabricated free of shape distortion after dry *** exemplify the possible applications of the proposed method,grayscale dielectric nanostructures are used for scalable manufacturing through nanoimprint lithography and for strain nanoengineering of 2D *** a method for aspect ratio amplification and smooth grayscale nanopatterning has the potential to find application in the fabrication of photonic and nanoelectronic devices.

关键词： lithography thermal pattern

Epidemiology,therapy and outcome of hepatocellular carcinoma between 2010 and 2019 in Piedmont,Italy

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2024年第3期16卷 761-772页

作者： Christian bracco Marta Gallarate Marco badinella Martini Corrado Magnino Salvatore D'Agnano Roberta Canta Giulia Racca Remo Melchio Cristina Serraino Valentina Polla Mattiot giovanni Gollè Luigi Fenoglio Department of Internal Medicine Santa Croce e Carle General HospitalCuneo 12100Italy Department of Medical Sciences "City of Health and Science"University HospitalTorino 10100Italy

bACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the most common primary liver malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer deaths *** is often diagnosed at an advanced stage and therefore its prognosis remains poor with a low 5-year survival *** patients have increasingly complex and constantly changing characteristics,thus up-to-date and comprehensive data are *** To analyze the epidemiology and main clinical characteristics of HCC patients in a referral center hospital in the northwest of Italy between 2010 and *** In this retrospective study,we analyzed the clinical data of all consecutive patients with a new diagnosis of HCC recorded at"Santa Croce e Carle"Hospital in Cuneo(Italy)between 1 January 2010 and 31 December *** highlight possible changes in HCC patterns over the 10-year period,we split the population into two 5-year groups,according to the diagnosis period(2010-2014 and 2015-2019).RESULTS Of the 328 HCC patients who were included(M/F 255/73;mean age 68.9±11.3 years),154 in the first period,and 174 in the *** C virus infection was the most common HCC risk factor(41%,135 patients).The alcoholic etiology rate was 18%,the hepatitis b virus infection etiology was 5%,and the non-viral/non-alcoholic etiology rate was 22%.The Child-Pugh score distribution of the patients was:class A 75%,class b 21%and class C 4%.The average Mayo end-stage liver disease score was 10.6±3.7.A total of 55 patients(17%)were affected by portal vein thrombosis and 158(48%)by portal *** average nodule size of the HCC was 4.6±3.1 cm.A total of 204 patients(63%)had more than one nodulebarcelona Clinic Liver Cancer(bCLC)staging distribution of all patients was:4%very early,32%early,23%intermediate,34%advanced,and 7%*** survival rate was 1.6±0.3 *** 20%of the patients underwent ***,presence of ascites,bCLC stage and therapy w

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Hepatitis virus Alcoholic hepatitis Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Diagnosis Etiology Treatment

Hepatitis b virus reactivation in patients treated with monoclonal antibodies

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World Journal of Virology 2024年第1期13卷 33-37页

作者： Silvia De Pauli Martina Grando giovanni Miotti Marco Zeppieri Department of Internal Medicine Azienda Sanitaria Friuli OccidentaleSan Vito al TagliamentoPordenone 33170Italy Department of Plastic Surgery University Hospital of UdineUdine 33100Italy Department of Ophthalmology University Hospital of UdineUdine 33100Italy

Hepatitis b virus(HbV)reactivation poses a significant clinical challenge,espe-cially in patients undergoing immunosuppressive therapies,including mono-clonal antibody *** manuscript briefly explores the complex rela-tionship between monoclonal antibody therapy and HbV reactivation,drawing upon current literature and clinical case *** delves into the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon,highlighting the importance of risk assessment,monitoring,and prophylactic measures for patients at *** manuscript aims to enhance the understanding of HbV reactivation in the context of monoclonal antibody therapy,ultimately facilitating informed clinical decision-making and improved patient *** paper will also briefly review the definition of HbV activation,assess the risks of reactivation,especially in patients treated with monoclonal antibodies,and consider management for patients with regard to screening,prophylaxis,and treatment.A better understanding of patients at risk can help clinicians provide optimum management to ensure successful patient outcomes and prevent morbidity.

关键词： Hepatitis b virus Reactivation Acute infection Chronic infection Monoclonal antibodies

Nutrient restriction-activated Fra-2 promotes tumor progression via IGF1R in miR-15a downmodulated pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第3期9卷 1132-1146页

作者： Gian Luca Rampioni Vinciguerra Marina Capece Luca Reggiani bonetti giovanni Nigita Federica Calore Sydney Rentsch Paolo Magistri Roberto ballarin Fabrizio Di benedetto Rosario Distefano Roberto Cirombella Andrea Vecchione barbara belletti Gustavo baldassarre Francesca Lovat Carlo M.Croce Department of Cancer biology and Genetics and Comprehensive Cancer Center The Ohio State UniversityColumbus 43210 OHUSA Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine Faculty of Medicine and PsychologySant’Andrea HospitalUniversity of Rome“Sapienza”Rome 00189Italy Department of Diagnostic Clinic and Public Health MedicineUniversity of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModena 41100Italy Hepato-pancreato-biliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation Unit University of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModena 41100Italy Division of Molecular Oncology Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano(CRO)Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico(IRCCS)National Cancer InstituteAviano 33081Italy

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)is a lethal disease,characterized by an intense desmoplastic reaction that compresses blood vessels and limits nutrient *** aggressiveness largely relies on its extraordinary capability to thrive and progress in a challenging tumor *** of the onco-suppressor miR-15a has been extensively documented in ***,we identified the transcription factor Fos-related antigen-2(Fra-2)as a miR-15a target mediating the adaptive mechanism of PDAC to nutrient *** report that the IGF1 signaling pathway was enhanced in nutrient deprived PDAC cells and that Fra-2 and IGF1R were significantly overexpressed in miR-15a downmodulated PDAC ***,we discovered that miR-15a repressed IGF1R expression via Fra-2 *** miR-15a-low context,IGF1R hyperactivated mTOR,modulated the autophagic flux and sustained PDAC growth in nutrient *** a genetic mouse model,Mir15aKO PDAC showed Fra-2 and Igf1r upregulation and mTOR activation in response to diet ***,nutrient restriction improved the efficacy of IGF1R inhibition in a Fra-2 dependent ***,our results point to a crucial role of Fra-2 in the cellular stress response due to nutrient restriction typical of pancreatic cancer and support IGF1R as a promising and vulnerable target in miR-15a downmodulated PDAC.

关键词： IGF1R Fra miR

Robust state of charge and state of health estimation for batteries using a novel multi model approach

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Control Theory and Technology 2022年第3期20卷 418-438页

作者： giovanni Guida Davide Faverato Marco Colabella Gianluca buonomo Innovation Department Brain TechnologiesCorso Tazzoli 215/12BTurin10137Italy

Estimation of state-of-charge and state-of-health for batteries is one of the most important feature for modern battery management system(bMS).Robust or adaptive methods are the most investigated because a more intelligent bMS could lead to sensible cost reduction of the entire battery *** propose a new robust method,called ERMES(extendible range multi-model estimator),for determining an estimated state-of-charge(SoC),an estimated state-of-health(SoH)and a prediction of uncertainty of the estimates(state-of-uncertainty—SoU),thanks to which it is possible to monitor the validity of the estimates and adjust it,extending the robustness against a wider range of uncertainty,if ***,a finite number of models in state-space form are considered starting from a modified Thevenin battery *** model is characterized by a hypothesis of SoH *** iterated extended Kalman filter(EKF)is then applied to each model in parallel,estimating for each one the SoC state *** errors are then considered to fuse both the estimated SoC and SoH from the bank of EKF,yielding the overall SoC and SoH estimates,*** addition,a figure of uncertainty of such estimates is also provided.

关键词： Adaptive estimation multiple models Connected embedded systems Extended Kalman filter Nonlinear observability State-of-charge State-of-health State and parameter estimation

Thermoregulatory function and sexual dimorphism of the throat sack in Helmeted Guineafowl(Numida meleagris)across Africa

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Avian Research 2022年第3期13卷 239-248页

作者： Johann H.Van Niekerk Rodrigo Megía-Palma giovanni Forcina Department of Environmental Sciences College of Agriculture and Environmental SciencesUniversity of South AfricaP.O.Box 392Pretoria0003South Africa Universidad de Alcal a(UAH) Department of Biomedicine and BiotechnologySchool of PharmacyA-2 Highwaykm 33.60028805Alcal a de HenaresMadridSpain Universidad de Alcal a(UAH) Global Change Ecology and Evolution Research Group(GloCEE)Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida28805Alcal a de HenaresMadridSpain CIbIO Centro de Investigaç~ao em Biodiversidade e Recursos Gen eticosInBIO Laborat orio AssociadoCampus de Vair~aoUniversidade do Porto4485-661Vair~aoPortugal bIOPOLIS Program in Genomics Biodiversity and Land PlanningCIBIOCampus de Vair~ao4485-661Vair~aoPortugal

The responses of ground-dwelling birds to heat and cold stress encompass a variety of behavioural,physiological and even morphological ***,the role of glabrous skin in this respect has been marginally addressed so *** Helmeted Guineafowl(Numida meleagris)is a landfowl distributed across Sub-Saharan Africa with eight traditionally recognised extant *** the most prominent morphological traits underlying intraspecific variability are size and pigmentation of the bare throat skin(or sack),which might be related to the different habitats and environmental conditions across its wide *** order to explore the Helmeted Guineafowl range-wide sack variation and pigmentation in relation to thermoregulation and sexual signalling,we collected morphometric and environmental information for *** integrating field data with the inspection of photographic material encompassing seven subspecies and environmental information from their *** data evidenced that sack size was significantly correlated with ambient temperature,thus pointing to a likely involvement of the throat sack in *** the pictorial data from all subspecies were pooled,sack size correlated negatively with biomass,rainfall and humidity,while a positive correlation was found with annual solar *** size correlated positively with monthly temperature variation among the bluethroated subspecies from southern Africa as opposed to the black-throated subspecies ranging north to Zambia and ***,in this latter group the sack was often larger during winter months,possibly to maximise solar radiation ***,sack size was related to sex dimorphism in two *** morphology and colour in the Helmeted Guineafowl likely modulate body temperature by evaporative cooling or heating upon needs,but in some subspecies it is also seemingly related to sexual *** studies are needed to fully understand the mu

关键词： Evaporative cooling Helmeted guineafowl Sexual size dimorphism Sub-Saharan Africa Thermoregulation Throat sack

Novel Low Viscosity Zinc Oxide, Iron Oxides and Erioglaucine Sunscreen Potential to Protect from Ultraviolet, Visible Light and Near-Infrared Radiation

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Optics and Photonics Journal 2023年第9期13卷 217-226页

作者： Yohei Tanaka Richard Parker Amaryllis Aganahi Ailen pedroso Clinica Tanaka Plastic Reconstructive Surgery and Anti-Aging Center Matsumoto Japan RATIONALE Kyneton Australia

Despite the widespread recommendation and use of sunscreens and ultraviolet blocking materials, solar-induced skin damage and photoageing continues to pose a problem to human health worldwide. We have previously reported that solar visible light and near-infrared also contribute to skin damage and photo ageing. Most commonly recommended sunscreens are only effective throughout the UV spectrum, offering no protection from visible light and near-infrared. A possible solution could be to augment sunscreens with metal oxides which block visible light and near-infrared radiation. To evaluate the enhanced solar-spectrum blocking ability of novel low viscosity sunscreen containing zinc and iron oxides, a double-beam spectrophotometer was used to optically measure the transmission spectra. The spectrophotometer deploys a unique, single monochromatic design to detect wavelength penetration in the range of 240 to 2600 nm. The Sunscreen base without zinc oxide and iron oxides (control) blocked over 80% of ultraviolet-C and ultraviolet-b but did not block ultraviolet-A, visible light, or near-infrared. The novel low viscosity zinc oxide sample blocked almost over 90% ultraviolet, but did not block visible light and near-infrared sufficiently. However, the samples with the novel low viscosity zinc oxide, iron oxides and erioglaucine blocked almost over 90% of ultraviolet, visible light and near-infrared. It can be concluded that this novel combination of low viscosity zinc oxide, iron oxides and erioglaucine is effective at blocking ultraviolet, visible light and near-infrared radiation. The results of this study imply that sunscreens that provide comprehensive photoprotection from ultraviolet through to near-infrared should be adopted to prevent skin photodamage.

关键词： Anti-Photoageing Photoimmunosuppression Photoprotection Sunscreen Ultraviolet Visible Light Near-Infrared

Significant Lifetime Enhancement in QLEDs by Reducing Interfacial Charge Accumulation via Fluorine Incorporation in the ZnO Electron Transport Layer

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Nano-Micro Letters 2022年第12期14卷 432-446页

作者： Dong Seob Chung Tyler Davidson-Hall giovanni Cotella Quan Lyu Peter Chun Hany Aziz Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Waterloo Institute for NanotechnologyUniversity of Waterloo200 University Avenue WestWaterlooON N2L 3G1Canada Ipswich Research Centre Huawei Technologies Research&Development(UK)Ltd.Phoenix House(B55)Adastral ParkIpswich IP53REUK Ottawa IC Laboratory Huawei Canada19 Allstate ParkwayMarkhamON L3R 5B4Canada

ZnO nanoparticles are widely used for the electron transport layers(ETLs)of quantum dots light emitting devices(QLEDs).In this work we show that incorporating fluorine(F)into the ZnO ETL results in significant enhancement in device electroluminescence stability,leading to LT50 at 100 cd m^(−2) of 2,370,000 h in red QLED,47X longer than the control devices.X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy,time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy,photoluminescence and electrical measurements show that the F passivates oxygen vacancies and reduces electron traps in *** photoluminescence versus bias measurements and capacitance-voltage-luminance measurements reveal that the CF4 plasma-treated ETLs lead to increased electron concentration in the QD and the QD/hole transport layer interface,subsequently decreasing hole accumulation,and hence the higher *** findings provide new insights into the critical roles that optimizing charge distribution across the layers play in influencing stability and present a novel and simple approach for extending QLED lifetimes.

关键词： Colloidal quantum dots Quantum dots light emitting device Device stability Zinc oxide nanoparticles Fluorine