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Chronic hepatitis C:Treat or wait? Medical decision making in clinical practice

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第12期18卷 1339-1347页

作者： Claus Niederau dietrich Hüppe Elmar Zehnter Bernd Mller Renate Heyne stefan Christensen Rainer Pfaff Arno Theilmeier Ulrich Alshuth stefan Mauss Katholische Kliniken Oberhausen St.Josef HospitalKlinik für Innere MedizinOberhausen 46045Germany Medical Office for Gastroenterology and Hepatology Herne 44623Germany Medical Office for Gastroenterology and Hepatology Dortmund 44263Germany Medical Office for Gastroenterology and Hepatology Berlin 10969Germany Center for Interdisciplinary Medicine Münster 48143Germany Medical Office for Gastroenterology and Hepatology Gie en 35392Germany Medical Office for Gastroenterology and Hepatology Mnchengladbach 41239Germany Pharma AG Medical Management Virology Grenzach-Wyhlen 79639Germany Center for HIV and Hepatogastroenterology Düsseldorf 40237Germany

AIM:To analyzes the decision whether patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection are treated or ***:This prospective cohort study included 7658 untreated patients and 6341 patients receiving pegylated interferon α2 a/ribavirin,involving 434 physicians/institutions throughout Germany (377 in private practice and 57 in hospital settings).A structured questionnaire had to be answered prior to the treatment decision,which included demographic data,information about the personal life situation of the patients,anamnesis and symptomatology of hepatitis C,virological data,laboratory data and data on concomitant diseases.A second part of the study analyzes patients treated with pegylated interferon α*** questionnaires included reasons against treatment mentioned by the ***:Overall treatment uptake was 45%.By multivariate analysis,genotype 1/4/5/6,HCV-RNA ≤ 520 000 IU/mL,normal alanine aminotransferase (ALT),platelets ≤ 142 500/μL,age > 56 years,female gender,infection length > 12.5 years,concomitant diseases,human immunodeficiency virus co-infection,liver biopsy not performed,care in private practice,asymptomatic disease,and unemployment were factors associated with reduced treatment *** and sustained viral response rates in migrants (1/3 of cohort) were higher than in German natives although 1/3 of migrants had language *** rate and liver biopsy were higher in clinical settings when compared to private practice and were low when ALT and HCV-RNA were ***:Some reasons against treatment were medically based whereas others were related to fears,socio-economical problems,and information deficits both on the side of physicians and patients.

关键词： Hepatitis C virus Interferon, Ribavirin Livercirrhosis Migrants Treatment barrier

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The role of polysulfide-saturation in electrolytes for high power applications of real world Li-S pouch cells

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Nano Research 2023年第6期16卷 8313-8320页

作者： Tom Boenke Sebastian Kirchhoff Florian SReuter Florian Schmidt Christine Weller Susanne dörfler Kai Schwedtmann Paul Härtel Thomas Abendroth Holger Althues Jan J.Weig stefan Kaskel Technische Universität dresden Chair of Inorganic Chemistry IBergstr.6601069 DresdenGermany Fraunhofer Institute for Material and Beam Technology(IWS) Winterbergstr.2801277 DresdenGermany Technische Universität dresden Chair of Inorganic Molecular ChemistryMommsenstraße 401069 DresdenGermany

The lithium-sulfur(Li-S)technology is the most promising candidate for next-generation batteries due to its high theoretical specific energy and steady progress for applications requiring lightweight batteries such as aviation or heavy electric *** these applications,however,the rate capability of Li-S cells requires significant *** electrolyte formulations in Li-S batteries enable new pathways for cell development and adjustment of all ***,their rate capability at pouch cell level is often neither evaluated nor compared to state of the art(SOTA)LiTFSI/dimethoxyethane/dioxolane(LITFSI:lithium-bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide)***,the combination of the sparingly polysulfide(PS)solvating hexylmethylether/1,2-dimethoxyethane(HME/dME)electrolyte and highly conductive carbon nanotube Buckypaper(CNT-BP)with low porosity was evaluated in both coin and pouch cells and compared to dimethoxyethane/dioxolane reference *** advanced sulfur transfer melt infiltration was employed for cathode production with *** Li+ion coordination in the HME/dME electrolyte was investigated by nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)and Raman ***,ionic conductivity and viscosity was investigated for the pristine electrolyte and a polysulfide-statured *** electrolytes,dME/dOL-1/1(dOL:1,3-dioxolane)and HME/dME-8/2,are then combined with CNT-BP and transferred to multi-layered pouch *** study reveals that the ionic conductivity of the electrolyte increases drastically over state of(dis)charge especially for dME/dOL electrolyte and lean electrolyte regime leading to a better rate capability for the sparingly polysulfide solvating *** evaluation in prototype cells is an important step towards bespoke adaption of Li-S batteries for practical applications.

关键词： lithium-sulfur pouch cell polysulfide solubility electrolyte characterization high power

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Checkpoint inhibitor-induced hepatotoxicity:Role of liver biopsy and management approach

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World Journal of Hepatology 2022年第7期14卷 1269-1276页

作者： Fernando Bessone Einar stefan Bjornsson department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Facultad de Ciencias MédicasHospital Provincial del CentenarioUniversity of Rosario School of MedicineRosario 2000Santa FeArgentina department of Gastroenterology Natl Univ Hosp IcelandSect Gastroenterol&HepatolDept Internal MedHringbraut 11DIS-101 ReykjavikIceland Landspitali University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine University of IcelandReykjavik Postal code 101State of ReykjavikIceland

Immunological checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)have revolutionized therapy of many different *** immune-mediated adverse effects are common and can affect many organs such as the skin,lungs,gastrointestinal and endocrine organs as well as the *** injury has been reported in 3%-8%of patients with grade III-IV hepatitis in retrospective *** liver injury is characterized by hepatocellular injury resembling autoimmune hepatitis biochemically but not immunologically as patients with ICI induced hepatoxicity rarely have auto-antibodies or IgG *** role for liver biopsy(LB)in patients with suspected liver injury due to ICIs is controversial and it is not clear whether results of a LB will change clinical *** can be helpful when there is diagnostic uncertainty and pre-existing liver disease is *** there are no distinctive histological features,the finding of granulomas and endothelitis may suggest a specific type of hepatitis induced by *** natural history of hepatotoxicity of ICI therapy is not well *** studies have demonstrated that 33%-50%of patients improve spontaneously with discontinuation of *** patients with jaundice and/or coagulopathy corticosteroids are *** high doses of corticosteroids with 1-2 mg/kg/d of methylprednisolone recommended by the oncological societies are *** it has shown that initial treatment with 1 mg/kg/d provided similar liver tests improvement which was also associated with a reduced risk of steroid-induced adverse effects in comparison with higher-dose *** immunosuppression mostly with mycophenolate mofetil has been reported to be helpful.

关键词： Hepatotoxicity Checkpoint inhibitors Biologics hepatitis drug-induced liver injury Liver biopsy

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Enhanced photodegradation activity of ZnO:Eu3+and ZnO:Eu3+@Au 3d hierarchical structures

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Journal of Rare Earths 2020年第1期38卷 21-28页

作者： Nataliya Babayevska Igor Iatsunskyi Patryk Florczak Marcin Jarek Barbara Peplińska stefan Jurga NanoBioMedical Centre Adam Mickiewicz University

In this work the flower-like hierarchical structures(HS) based on 3 d pristine ZnO,ZnO:Eu^3+ and ZnO:Eu^3+ @Au were successfully obtained by a template-free solvothermal and deposition-precipitation *** decolorization/photodegradation of these structures towards model organic dye(rhodamine 6 G) was *** synthesized ZnO-based HS were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRd),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),UV-vis and photoluminescence(PL) *** proposed synthesis approaches allow to obtain highly crystalline 3 d ZnO,ZnO:Eu^3+ and ZnO:Eu^3+ @Au *** of scanning microscopy show that ZnO flower-like HS are assemblies from smaller components,forming larger ones,the whole ZnO structure was approximately 3 μ*** nanoparticles(size^10 nm)are successfully deposited on ZnO HS *** studies show that ZnO is an ideal matrix for incorporation of Eu^3+ ions in broad concentration range(Eu^3+=1.0 at%-5.0 at%) with an efficient red *** strong UV emission in ZnO,as well as ZnO;Eu^3+HS is observed under 325 nm *** of ZnO HS matrix by Eu^3+ions leads to the red shift of deep level emission peak(dLE).The PL intensity reaches the maximum up to 5 at% Eu^3+.The photocatalytic properties of ZnO and ZnO:Eu^3+ @Au HS were investigated under UV-Vis light irradiation towards rhodamine 6 *** obtained results demonstrate the synergetic effect of the deposited gold nanoparticles and Eu3^+ doping on photocatalytic activity of ZnO:Eu^3+@Au HS in comparison to pristine ZnO and ZnO:Eu^3+ HS.

关键词： Zinc oxide Hierarchical structures Europium Gold Photocatalysis Rhodamine 6G

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Ferritin surplus in mouse spleen 14 months after intravenous injection of iron oxide nanoparticles at clinical dose

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Nano Research 2016年第8期9卷 2398-2410页

作者： Alexandre Tamion Matthias Hillenkamp Arnaud Hillion Valentin A. Maraloiu Ioana d. Vlaicu Mariana stefan daniela Ghica Hugo Rositi Fabien Chauveau Marie-Genevieve Blanchin Marlene Wiart Veronique dupuis Institut Lumiere Matiere UMR5306 Universite Lyon 1- CNRS Universite de Lyon 69622 Villeurbanne cedex France National Institute of Materials Physics 105bis AtomistilorSt. R-077125 Bucharest-Magurele Romania CNRS UMR 5220 INSERM U1044 INSA de Lyon Universite de Lyon Lyon 1 CREATIS 69003 Lyon France CRNL-BIORAN CNRS UMR5292 INSERM U 1028 Universite Lyon 1 59 BD PINEL 69677 Bron France

In this study, we followed the biodegradation of ultra-small superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles injected intravenously at clinical doses in mice. An advanced fitting procedure for magnetic susceptibility curves and low- temperature hysteresis loops was used to fully characterize the magnetic size distribution as well as the magnetic anisotropy energy of the injected P904 nano- particles （Guerbet Laboratory）. Additional magnetometry measurements and transmission electronic microscopy observations were systematically performed to examine dehydrated samples from the spleen and liver of healthy C57B16 mice after nanoparticle injection, with sacrifice of the mice for up to 14 months. At 3 months after injection, the magnetic properties of the spleen and liver were dramatically different. While the liver showed no magnetic signals other than those also present in the reference species, the spleen showed an increased magnetic signal attributed to ferritin. This surplus of ferritin remained constant up to 14 months after injection.

关键词： nanoparticles biodegradation iron oxide nanomagnetism contrast agent

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Speciation in nanosecond laser ablation of zinc in water

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2022年第7期65卷 90-98页

作者： stefan Reich Yannis Klügl Anna Ziefuss RenéStreubel Jorg Gottlicher Anton Plech Institute for Photon Science and Synchrotron Radiation Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyKarlsruhe D-76021Germany department of Technical ChemistryⅠand Center for Nanointegration duisburg-Essen University of Duisburg-EssenEssen D-45141Germany Fraunhofer Institute for High-Speed dynamics Ernst-Mach-Institute(EMI)Freiburg 79104Germany

In situ experimental methods have been applied to resolve mass flow and chemical speciation in the pulsed laser ablation of zinc in water. The chemical speciation has been resolved by time-resolved μ-X-ray absorption spectroscopy and mapped onto the macroscopic mass flow during material ejection from the metallic target and bubble dynamics of evaporated water. Large particles and agglomerates have been detected via dark-field X-ray imaging with a Shack-Hartmann sensor. The characteristic of the dynamics is that the vapor bubble is nearly homogeneously filled with ablated material. This persists during bubble collapse,which means that the ablated particles are captured and retracted towards the target. Limited mass escape is indicated by the X-ray absorption signal. Importantly, the near-edge structure at the Zn-K;transition delivers information on the chemical state of the ejected material. It clearly confirms that oxidation is not present within the bubble phase and the following sub-millisecond time scale. The oxidation proceeds on Zn nanoparticles in suspension on a second to minute course. Within the first microseconds,a Zn atom phase is detected that resembles Zn vapor. The addition of either reductive NaBH;or oxidative HAuCl;to the water phase influences the quantity of the atom contribution moderately, but does not influence the initial atom phase. Such behavior must be understood in terms of the nanosecond pulse excitation. After ejected material and a plasma is formed within the pulse duration of 7 ns the laser is able to further heat the ejecta and transform it partly into vapor. Correspondingly, the coupling of energy into the ablation zone as followed by plasma intensity and bubble size follows a threshold behavior as a function of laser fluence, marking the onset of laser-plasma heating. The reaction conditions inside the bubble are probably reductive due to the concomitant formation of excess hydrogen.

关键词： laser ablation in liquids elemental speciation X-ray absorption spectroscopy oxidation zinc oxide nanoparticles

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Prevalence of hepatitis B virus precore stop codon mutations in chronically infected children

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第14期12卷 2235-2238页

作者： Philip Wintermeyer Patrick Gerner Stephan Gehring Afshin Karimi stefan Wirth Children's Hospital Helios Klinikum Wuppertal Witten-Herdecke UniversityGermany Children's Hospital University of Mainz Germany

AIM： To find out whether there is a significant difference in the prevalence of the precore stop codon mutation between HBeAg positive and anti-HBe positive children. METHOdS： We investigated a large pediatric population of 155 European children （mean age 10.9 years） with chronic hepatitis B by PCR and direct sequencing. Ninety were HBeAg positive and 65 had seroconversion to anti-HBe. Additionally genotyping was performed. RESULTS： Seventy-four （48%） of the sequenced HBV strains were attributed to genotype d and 81 （52%） to genotype A. In the group of 90 HBeAg positive patients, 2 （2.2%） 1896-G-to-A transitions leading to precore stop codon mutation were found, and in the group of 65 anti-HBe positive children, 5 （7.7%） were identified harbouring HBeAg-minus mutants. The difference was not statistically significant （P= 0.13）. CONCLUSIONS： HBeAg minus variants as predominant viral HB strains play a minor role in the course of chronic hepatitis B in European children.

关键词： Hepatitis B Precore mutants Children HBeAg minus variants

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Literature review and bibliometric analysis on data-driven assessment of landslide susceptibility

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Journal of Mountain Science 2022年第6期19卷 1670-1698页

作者： Pedro LIMA stefan STEGER Thomas GLAdE Franny G.MURILLO-GARCIA University of Vienna Institute of Geography and Regional ResearchUniversitatsstrafie 7lowViennaAustria Eurac Research Institute for Earth ObservationDrususallee l/Viale Druso 139100Bozen-BolzanoItaly Institute of Geography National Autonomous University of Mexico(UNAM)Circuito ExteriorCiudad Universitaria04510CoyoacanMexico CityMexico

In recent decades, data-driven landslide susceptibility models(dd LSM), which are based on statistical or machine learning approaches, have become popular to estimate the relative spatial probability of landslide occurrence. The available literature is composed of a wealth of published studies and that has identified a large variety of challenges and innovations in this field. This review presents a comprehensive up-to-date overview focusing on the topic of dd LSM. This research begins with an introduction of the theoretical aspects of dd LSM research and is followed by an in-depth bibliometric analysis of 2585 publications. This analysis is based on the Web of Science, Clarivate Analytics database and provides insights into the transient characteristics and research trends within published spatial landslide assessments. Following the bibliometric analysis, a more detailed review of the most recent publications from 1985 to 2020 is given. A variety of different criteria are explored in detail, including research design, study area extent,inventory characteristics, classification algorithms, predictors utilized, and validation technique performed. This section, dealing with a quantitativeoriented review expands the time-frame of the review publication done by Reichenbach et al. in 2018 by also accounting for the four years, 2017-2020. The originality of this research is acknowledged by combining together:(a) a recap of important theoretical aspects of dd LSM;(b) a bibliometric analysis on the topic;(c) a quantitative-oriented review of relevant publications;and(d) a systematic summary of the findings, indicating important aspects and potential developments related to the dd LSM research topic. The results show that dd LSM are used within a wide range of applications with study area extents ranging from a few kilometers to national and even continental scales. In more than 70% of publications, a combination of the predictors, slope angle, aspect and geology are used.

关键词： Review Landslide susceptibility Statistical models Machine learning Bibliometrics

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Porous insights:IpaH7.8 reveals crystal-clear differences of gasdermins in mice and men

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2023年第7期8卷 3209-3210页

作者： Friedrich Alexander von Samson-Himmelstjerna Benedikt Kolbrink stefan Krautwald department of Nephrology and Hypertension University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein24105 KielGermany

Two recent back-to-back papers published in Nature provide new insights into the structural basis of gasdermin B(GSdMB)targeting by the secreted Shigella virulence effector IpaH7.8,the regulation of GSdMB’s pore-forming pyroptotic activity by alternative splicing,and into the inter-species differences regarding IpaH7.8-mediated inhibition of gasdermin d(GSdMd)activity.

关键词： insight Shigella activity

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Ultrahigh numerical aperture meta-fibre for flexible optical trapping

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Light(Science & Applications) 2021年第4期10卷 589-599页

作者： Malte Plidschun Haoran Ren Jisoo Kim Ronny Forster stefan A.Maier Markus A.Schmidt Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology 07745 JenaGermany Abbe Center of Photonics and Faculty of Physics FSU Jena07745 JenaGermany Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems Nanoinstitute MunichLMU Munchen80539 MunchenGermany department of Physics Imperial College LondonLondon SW72AZUK Otto Schott Institute of Material Research FSU Jena07745 JenaGermany

Strong focusing on diffraction-limited spots is essential for many photonic applications and is particularly relevant for optical trapping;however,all currently used approaches fail to simultaneously provide flexible transportation of light,straightforward implementation,compatibility with waveguide circuitry,and strong ***,we demonstrate the design and 3d nanoprinting of an ultrahigh numerical aperture meta-fibre for highly flexible optical *** into account the peculiarities of the fibre environment,we implemented an ultrathin meta-lens on the facet of a modified single-mode optical fibre via direct laser writing,leading to a diffraction-limited focal spot with a recordhigh numerical aperture of up to NA≈*** unique capabilities of this flexible,cost-effective,bio-and fibre-circuitrycompatible meta-fibre device were demonstrated by optically trapping microbeads and bacteria for the first time with only one single-mode fibre in combination with diffractive *** study highlights the relevance of the unexplored but exciting field of meta-fibre optics to a multitude of fields,such as bioanalytics,quantum technology and life sciences.

关键词： optical waveguide fibre

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