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Occurrence of human pathogenic viruses in drinking water and in its sources:A review

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第10期132卷 145-161页

作者： Marco Panizzolo Marta Gea Elisabetta carraro giorgio Gilli Silvia Bonetta Cristina Pignata Department of Public Health and Pediatrics University of TorinoPiazza Polonia 9410126TorinoItaly Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology University of Torinovia Accademia Albertina 1310123TorinoItaly

Since many waterborne diseases are caused by human pathogenic viruses,virus monitoring of drinking water(DW)and DW sources is crucial for public ***,the aim of this review was to describe the occurrence of human pathogenic viruses in DW and DW sources;the occurrence of two viruses proposed as novel indicators of human faecal contamination(Peppermild mottle virus and Tobacco mosaic virus)was also *** research was focused on articles that assessed viral occurrence using molecular methods in the surface water used for DW production(SW-D),groundwater used for DW production(GW-D),DW and bottled-DW(BW).A total of 1544 studies published in the last 10 years were analysed,and 79 were ultimately *** considering the detection methods,filtration is the most common concentration technique,while quantitative polymerase chain reaction is the most common quantification *** virus occurrence in SW-D,GW-D,and DW,high percentages of positive samples were reported for adenovirus,polyomavirus and Pepper mild mottle *** genomes were frequently detected in SW-D and rarely in GW-D,suggesting that GW-D may be a safe DW *** genomes were also detected in DW,posing a possible threat to human *** lowest percentages of positive samples were found in Europe,while the highest were found in Asia and South *** three articles assessed viral occurrence in *** review highlights the lack of method standardization and the need for legislation updates.

关键词： Drinking water Enteric virus Human health Microbial water quality Molecular methods Surface water

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The pseudo-homogeneous flow regime in large-scale bubble columns:experimental benchmark and computational fluid dynamics modeling

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Petroleum 2019年第2期5卷 141-160页

作者： giorgio Besagni Fabio Inzoli Thomas Ziegenhein Dirk Lucas Department of Energy Politecnico di MilanoVia Lambruschini 4a20156MilanItaly Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V.Institute of Fluid Dynamics 01314 DresdenGermany

A precise prediction of the fluid dynamics in bubble columns is of fundamental importance to correctly design“industrial-scale”*** is known that the fluid dynamics in bubble columns is related to the prevailing bubble size distribution existing in the *** this respect,multiphase computational fluid dynamic simulations,in the Eulerian multi-fluid framework,are able to predict the local bubble size distributions and,thus,the global fluid dynamics from the fluid flow conditions and by applying modeling *** particular,in in“industrial-scale”reactors,owing to the large gas sparger openings,the“pseudo-homogeneous”flow regimedcharacterized by a wide spectrum of bubble sizesdis typically ***,reliable predictions of the“pseudo-homogeneous”flow regime are limited up to now:one important drawback concerns the selection of appropriate models for the coalescence and break-up.A set of closure relations was collected at the Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf that represents the best available ***,the authors have extended the validation of this set of closure relations to the“pseudo-homogeneous”flow regime,by comparing the numerical predictions to a comprehensive experimental dataset(gas holdup,bubble size distributions and local flow measurements).Unfortunately,the previous study suffers from some limitations;in particular,in the previous experimental dataset,the bubble size distributions concerned only one axial position and a detailed characterization of the gas sparger was *** study contributes to the existing discussion and proposed a step ahead in the study of the“pseudo-homogenous”flow *** this end,we propose an experimental study,to improve the comprehensive dataset previously *** novel datasetdobtained for two gas velocitiesdconcerns bubble size distributions at different axial and radial positions and a precise characterization of the gas *** comprehensive bubble size distribution

关键词： CFD Bubble column Large-scale Bubble size distribution Coalescence and break-up Validation

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Spouting behaviour of binary mixtures in square-based spouted beds

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Particuology 2019年第2期17卷 193-201页

作者： Cristina Moliner Filippo Marchelli Massimo Curti Barbara Bosio giorgio Rovero Elisabetta Arato Department of Civil Chemical and Environmental Engineering (DICCA) University of Genova (UNIGE) Genova Italy Faculty of Science and Technology Free University of Bolzano (UNIBZ) Bolzano Italy Department of Applied Science and Technology (DISAT) Polytechnic University of Turin (POLITO) Turin Italy

From experime nts, the influe nee of the physical characteristics of different bin ary mixtures of solids on the spouting regime of a pyramidal square-based spouted bed reactor is assessed. The applied methodology permits a more precise evaluation of the effects of the tested variables (diameter, density, sphericity) on the response variables (minimum air flows at which spouting begins and at which to maintain spouting con ditions). The associated pressure drops along the bed of particles a nd the height of the formed fountai n are analysed in each case. During the initial stages of fluidisation, binary mixtures containing different density ratios show dead zones. Segregation becomes more evident at large-size and high-density ratios. The lack of sphericity was found to be the main reason leading to blocking, channelling, and start-up problems when system failures occur. Nevertheless, the extent of segregation in all cases decreases with increasing the spouting velocity. In addition, a computational fluid dynamic model based on the discrete element method, previously validated for a single solid bed, is proposed as a tool to predict and evaluate potential segregation phenomena in binary mixtures. This model reproduced with high accuracy the encountered segregation phenomena. Its use may help define the technical limts inherent in the pyramidal spouted bed reactor.

关键词： Spouted bed reactor Segregation Computational fluid dynamics

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Alternative stable states in mountain forest ecosystems： the case of European larch(Larix decidua) forests in the western Alps

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Journal of Mountain Science 2017年第5期14卷 811-822页

作者： Jose V.MORIS giorgio VACCHIANO Davide ASCOLI Renzo MOTTA University of Turin DISAFALargo Paolo Braccini 210095 Grugliasco(TO)Italy

European larch(Larix decidua) forests of the western Alps form extensivecultural landscapes whose resilience to global changes is currently unknown. Resilience describes the capacity of ecological systems to maintain the same state, i.e., the same function, processes, structure, and composition despite disturbances, environmental changes and internal fluctuations. Our aim is to explore the resilience of larch forests to changes in climate and land use in the western Italian *** do so, we examined whether larch forests can be described as an alternative stable state in mountain forest ecosystems. We used tree basal area data obtained from field forest inventories in combination with topography, forest structure, land use, and climate information. We applied three different probabilistic methods: frequency distributions, logistic regressions, and potential analyses to infer the resilience of larch forests relative to that of other forest *** found patters indicative of alternative stable states: bimodality in the frequency distribution of the percent of larch basal area, and the presence of an unstable state, i.e., mixed larch forests, in the potential analyses. We also found:(1) high frequency ofpurelarchforestsathighelevation,(2)the probability of pure larch forests increased mostly with elevation, and(3) pure larch forests were a stable state in the upper montane and subalpine *** study shows that the resilience of larch forests may increase with elevation, most likely due to the altitudinal effect on climate. Under the same climate conditions, land use seems to be the main factor governing the dominance of larch forests. In fact, subalpine larch forests may be more resilient, and natural succession after land abandonment, e.g., towards Pinuscembra forests, seems slower than in montane larch forests. In contrast, in the upper montane belt only intense land use regimes characterized by open canopies and forest grazing may maintain larch *** con

关键词： Resilience Ecosystem bistability Elevation Land use Natural succession Pinuscembra European larch

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Role of cytokines and chemokines in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第8期18卷 727-735页

作者： Vincent Braunersreuther giorgio Luciano Viviani Franois Mach Fabrizio Montecucco Division of cardiology Foundation for Medical Researches Faculty of Medicine Geneva University Hospital Department of Internal Medicine Adult Diabetes Centre University of Genoa

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) includes a variety of histological conditions (ranging from liver steatosis and steatohepatitis, to fibrosis and hepatocarcinoma) that are characterized by an increased fat content within the liver. The accumulation/deposition of fat within the liver is essential for diagnosis of NAFLD and might be associated with alterations in the hepatic and systemic inflammatory state. Although it is still unclear if each histological entity represents a different disease or rather steps of the same disease, inflammatory processes in NAFLD might influence its pathophysiology and prognosis. In particular, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (the most inflamed condition in NAFLDs, which more frequently evolves towards chronic and serious liver diseases) is characterized by a marked activation of inflammatory cells and the upregulation of several soluble inflammatory mediators. Among several mediators, cytokines and chemokines might play a pivotal active role in NAFLD and are considered as potential therapeutic targets. In this review, we will update evidence from both basic research and clinical studies on the potential role of cytokines and chemokines in the pathophysiology of NAFLD.

关键词： Inflammation Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Cytokine Chemokine

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Enhanced consolidation efficacy and durability of highly porous calcareous building stones enabled by nanosilica-based treatments

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2023年第8期66卷 2197-2212页

作者： caO YiJian caMAITI Mara ENDRIZZI Monica FORTI giorgio VERGANI Ernesta FORTI Ilaria Institute of Culture and Heritage Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China CNR-Institute of Geosciences and Earth Resources Florence 50121Italy Monica Endrizzi Conservative Art Restoration Casale sul Sile-Treviso 31032Italy Forti Architecture Studio Verona 37121Italy Ernesta Vergani Restoration of Works of Art Volpago del Montello-Treviso 31040Italy Ernesta Vergani Restoration of Works of Art Cannaregio 4056Venezia 30121Italy UniversitàIUAV di Venezia Venezia 30135Italy

Outdoor building stones are suffering from serious *** restore internal cohesion and to alleviate the disintegration of decayed stones,consolidation treatment is necessary and *** to date,no fully satisfactory consolidation agent and its application methodology are available,mainly due to the limited penetration depth of consolidants,low compatibility,or poor durability in environmental ***,in this study,aiming to design an effective and enduring method for the consolidation of highly porous calcareous stones,nanosilica-based consolidation treatments were tested and compared with traditional compounds(tetraethoxysilane,alkylalkoxysilane,barium hydroxide).In order to evaluate their performance and compatibility,a series of standard tests,including the Drilling Resistance Measurement System(DRMS)test,surface color measurement,vapor diffusivity measurement,and peeling test,were carried ***,the penetration depth and distribution profiles of consolidants were estimated by exploiting elemental raster scanning of SEM-EDS analysis performed throughout the thickness of *** importantly,by employing a climatic chamber,the artificial ageing test was also conducted by simulating harsh atmospheric *** accelerated ageing,the performance of all consolidants was assessed *** demonstrated that the application of nanosilica(cal method“wet on wet”,is the best consolidation approach,in terms of in-depth consolidation efficacy,compatibility with the stone substrate,surface cohesion strength and performance durability in environmental ***,the treated surface is not hydrophobic,which allows further grouting and adhesion operations usually required for the restoration of historic buildings.

关键词： stone consolidation nanosilica tetraethoxysilane penetration depth durability

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Otilonium bromide in irritable bowel syndrome:A dose-ranging randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第34期20卷 12283-12291页

作者： Danuta Chmielewska-Wilkoń giorgio Reggiardo Colin Gerard Egan Department of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Gabinet Endoskopii Przewodu PokarmowegoSzewska31-009 KrakowPoland Medi Service World Trade Center16149 GenoaItaly Primula Multimedia SRL 56121 PisaItaly

AIM: To examine the efficacy and safety of otilonium bromide (OB) in treatment-sensitive functional irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) clinical parameters.

关键词： Otilonium bromide Irritable bowel syndrome Spasmolytic Acute treatment

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A Theory of the Risk for Empirical CVaR with Application to Portfolio Selection

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2021年第5期34卷 1879-1894页

作者： ARICI giorgio caMPI Marco C. caRE Algo DALAI Marco RAMPONI Federico A. Department of Information Engineering University of Bresciavia Branze 3825123 BresciaItaly.

When decisions are based on empirical observations,a trade-off arises between flexibility of the decision and ability to generalize to new *** this paper,we focus on decisions that are obtained by the empirical minimization of the Conditional Value-at-Risk(CVa R)and argue that in CVa R the trade-off between flexibility and generalization can be understood on the ground of theoretical results under very general assumptions on the system that generates the *** results have implications on topics related to order and structure selection in various applications where the CVa R risk-measure is used.A study on a portfolio optimization problem with real data demonstrates our results.

关键词： Distribution-free results empirical CVa R generalization order selection risk scenario approach

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Large eddy simulation of cloud cavitation and wake vortex cavitation around a trailing-truncated hydrofoil

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2022年第5期34卷 893-903页

作者： Ting-yun Yin giorgio Pavesi Ji Pei Shou-qi Yuan Xing-cheng Gan National Research Center of Pumps Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang212013China Department of Industrial Engineering University of PaduaPaduaItaly Turbomachinery and Energy Systems Group University of PaduaPaduaItaly

The cavitation has received considerable attention for decades because of its negative influence on the performance and the safety of the hydraulic *** this study,a large eddy simulation is carried out to numerically investigate the unsteady cavitating flow around a trailing-truncated NAca 0009 hydrofoil for determining the underlying physical *** types of cavitation morphologies are identified:The large-scale bubble cluster and the von Kármán vortex cavity,named as the cloud cavitation and the wake vortex cavitation,*** is shown that the velocity profiles obtained over the hydrofoil suction surface are in good agreement with the experimental data,indicating the accuracy of the current *** dynamic evolution of the sheet/cloud cavity is also well reproduced,covering the sheet cavity breakup,the sheet/cloud transformation,and the collapse of the cloudy bubble *** wake-vortex cavitation is caused by the blunt geometry at the hydrofoil trailing edge,where pairs of vortex cavities are *** the cloud and vortex cavities significantly affect the lift oscillation,which makes it difficult to decompose the *** fundamental shedding mechanisms of the wake vortex cavitation are discussed based on the finite-time Lyapunov exponent ***,the suction-side bubble grows and squeezes the giant pressure bubble away from the trailing *** the pressure bubble detaches,a new counterclockwise vortex or a new bubble appears at the pressure side,thus lifting the ridge towards the suction trailing edge and generating a strong vortex eye that pinches off the trailing portion of the suction-side bubble.

关键词： Cloud cavitation wake vortex cavitation trailing-truncated hydrofoil large eddy simulation

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The Impact of Firm-Specific Characteristics on Italian CEOs Compensation

The Impact of Firm-Specific Characteristics on Italian CEOs ...

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作者： giorgio ESPOSITO 复旦大学

学位级别：硕士

这篇论文的目的是调查意大利CEO的薪酬与意大利企业的一些具体特点之间的关系。2008年金融危机之后,在大多数西方国家,高管薪酬已成为最受争议的话题之一。很多学者批评薪酬结构,它让CEO们赚取了数百万美元,并指出道德风险行为所带来次... 详细信息

这篇论文的目的是调查意大利CEO的薪酬与意大利企业的一些具体特点之间的关系。2008年金融危机之后,在大多数西方国家,高管薪酬已成为最受争议的话题之一。很多学者批评薪酬结构,它让CEO们赚取了数百万美元,并指出道德风险行为所带来次贷危机主要源于扭曲的薪酬结构。在意大利,其罕见的资本主义结构的特征是家庭团队的重要性和政府作为股东,因此这个话题一直以来不仅与学者,同时也与政治家或工会相关。最近,几乎所有的媒体都同意把CEO的高薪酬列为公共丑闻,而且政府需要消除它。虽然这个话题的重要性在意大利也有所增加,但是由于很多原因,在意大利关于这个话题的文献远不如其他国家的多,如美国和英国。本文提供了一个全面和最新的关于对意大利首席执行官(CEO)的支付策略的描述,包括了对已经应用的薪酬策略、目标和非货币奖金的具体描述。更重要的是,在本文中,应用大量关于高管薪酬的面板数据,来分析CEO薪酬和意大利市场一些特有的特性之间的关系。在控制企业经营业绩后,本文发现了一些有趣的见解,部分反映了与以往前在意大利境外的研究相同的结果。在其他情况下,结果证明了意大利经济的特殊性。要调查我们主要的猜想,本文采用了面板数据回归分析方法,包括7个虚拟变量,用来表示样本中存在的具体特征。本文的结果对于解释在哪种情况下对意大利高管薪酬情况的分析会带来与anglo-sax文献不同的结论是非常有用的。首先最重要的发现是,在意大利,女CEO的收入比男CEO的约少500,000欧元,这是远远高于我们的预期的,证实了意大利资本主义遭受着显着的收入差距。然后,如果一家意大利公司的CEO,也是该公司的创办人或业主(51%以上的份额),他将比不是创始人的CEO平均多获得270,000欧元,这表明创始人把公司看作他们的家庭资产。其次,具有小而集中型董事会的意大利公司,其CEO的收入比具有大型董事的公司的CEO平均少467,495欧元。这一结果与以往文献一致。因此,可以说在意大利,同其他国家一样,董事会成员人数是公司治理质量的良好指标,这与其他的文献得到了相同的分析结果。再次,比较有三到四个持股人(3-4个能够影响公司有表决权的公司的持股人)和最多有一个持股人的公司,结果发现,在第一种情况下,CEO的平均收入会多出157,847欧元。其中一个原因可能是,在意大利,大多情况下公司是家族性质的而且董事会成员就是家庭成员。最后,著名的企业CEO比不著名企业的CEO多赚1,110,000欧元,这一发现与以往的文献不一致。这可能是因为与美国不同,为著名的意大利公司工作变成了社会地位的损失,而不是加强,导致CEO们要求更高的薪酬。

关键词： CEO 董事长创始人高管薪酬意大利 FTSE MIB指数管理权力收入差距大股东

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