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Oxidized organic molecules in the tropical free troposphere over Amazonia

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National science Review 2024年第1期11卷 174-184页

作者： Qiaozhi Zha Diego Aliaga Radovan Krejci Victoria A.sinclair Cheng Wu Giancarlo Ciarelli Wiebke scholz Liine Heikkinen Eva Partoll Yvette Gramlich Wei Huang Markus Leiminger Joonas Enroth Otso Per?kyl? Runlong Cai Xuemeng Chen Alkuin Maximilian Koenig Fernando Velarde Isabel moreno Tuukka Pet?j? Paulo Artaxo Paolo Laj Armin Hansel samara Carbone Markku Kulmala Marcos Andrade Douglas Worsnop Claudia Mohr Federico Bianchi Institute for Atmospheric and Earth system Research/Physics University of Helsinki Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth system sciences Nanjing University Department of Environmental science & Bolin Centre for Climate Research Stockholm University Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology University of Gothenburg Institute for Ion and Applied Physics University of Innsbruck Ionicon Analytik GmbH Laboratory for Atmospheric Physics Institute for Physics Research Universidad Mayor de San Andrés Institute of Physics University of Sao Paulo Institute for Geosciences and Environmental Research (IGE) University of Grenoble Alpes Agrarian sciences Institute Federal University of Uberl?ndia Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for soft Matter science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic sciences University of Maryland Aerodyne Research Inc. Department of Environmental system science ETH Zürich switzerland and Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry Paul Scherrer Institute

New particle formation(NPF) in the tropical free troposphere(FT) is a globally important source of cloud condensation nuclei, affecting cloud properties and climate. Oxidized organic molecules(OOMs)produced from biogenic volatile organic compounds are believed to contribute to aerosol formation in the tropical FT, but without direct chemical observations. We performed in situ molecular-level OOMs measurements at the Bolivian station Chacaltaya at 5240 m above sea level, on the western edge of Amazonia. For the first time, we demonstrate the presence of OOMs, mainly with 4–5 carbon atoms, in both gas-phase and particle-phase(in terms of mass contribution) measurements in tropical FT air from Amazonia. These observations, combined with air mass history analyses, indicate that the observed OOMs are linked to isoprene emitted from the rainforests hundreds of kilometers away. Based on particle-phase measurements, we find that these compounds can contribute to NPF, at least the growth of newly formed nanoparticles, in the tropical FT on a continental scale. Thus, our study is a fundamental and significant step in understanding the aerosol formation process in the tropical FT.

关键词： oxidized organic molecules tropical aerosol formation Amazon free troposphere

Individual and demographic responses of a marsh bird assemblage to habitat loss and subsequent restoration

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Avian Research 2020年第1期11卷 25-33页

作者： Ruben moreno-Opo Monticola Ornithological Group Faculty of BiologyUniversity Autonoma of MadridMadrid 28049Spain Deputy Directorate on Biodiversity Ministry for the Ecological TransitionMadrid 28071Spain

Background: The alteration and loss of habitats are two of the main threats that biodiversity conservation is cur?rently facing up to. The present study describes the effects of a perturbation and restoration in a reedbed habitat on a bird assemblage. We studied the bird community of a wetland of central spain between 1995 and 2009, during which time an anthropic perturbation altered the original structure of the habitat;subsequently, as a result of restoration works, the habitat returned to its original ***: We evaluated the effects on six population and physical parameters of the birds at three different phases of their life cycles(breeding, wintering and post?breeding migration seasons) before, during and after the habitat alteration. GLM was used to analyze the influence of three independent variables(year, perturbation phase and temperature).Results: The relative abundance and the species richness values decreased when habitat was altered, but then recovered as a result of the regeneration works. This pattern was the clearest amongst specialist species. Breeding success also declined during the perturbation phase and then increased;likewise, the sex ratio changed given that the proportion of male birds increased when habitat was altered. These results are discussed in relation to changes on availability of resources in altered habitats, to the adaptive mechanisms in the exploitation of ecological requirements and to the selection of optimum and sub?optimum habitats by generalist and specialist ***: Ecosystem restoration can favour the recovery of population indexes of specialist passerines, although it depends on the efficiency of the type of restoration activity performed and on the complexity of the habitat.

关键词： Habitat loss Land-use planning Marsh Restoration Ringing station Reedbed

Aerosol transmission of human pathogens:From miasmata to modern viral pandemics and their preservation potential in the Anthropocene record

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Geoscience Frontiers 2022年第6期13卷 210-223页

作者： Teresa moreno Wes Gibbons Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research IDAEA-CSIC08034 BarcelonaSpain Bimón Press Sitges08870 BarcelonaSpain

Ongoing uncertainty over the relative importance of aerosol transmission of COVID-19 is in part rooted in the history of medical science and our understanding of how epidemic diseases can spread through human populations. Ancient Greek medical theory held that such illnesses are transmitted by airborne pathogenic emanations containing particulate matter(“miasmata”). Notable Roman and medieval scholars such as Varro, Ibn al-Khatib and Fracastoro developed these ideas, combining them with early germ theory and the concept of contagion. A widely held but vaguely defined belief in toxic miasmatic mists as a dominant causative agent in disease propagation was overtaken by the science of 19th century microbiology and epidemiology, especially in the study of cholera, which was proven to be mainly transmitted by contaminated water. Airborne disease transmission came to be viewed as burdened by a dubious historical reputation and difficult to demonstrate convincingly. A breakthrough came with the classic mid-20th century work of Wells, Riley and Mills who proved how expiratory aerosols(their “droplet nuclei”)could transport still-infectious tuberculosis bacteria through ventilation systems. The topic of aerosol transmission of pathogenic respiratory diseases assumed a new dimension with the mid-late 20th century “Great Acceleration” of an increasingly hypermobile human population repeatedly infected by different strains of zoonotic viruses, and has taken centre stage this century in response to outbreaks of new respiratory infections that include coronaviruses. From a geoscience perspective, the consequences of pandemic-status diseases such as COVID-19, produced by viral pathogens utilising aerosols to infect a human population currently approaching 8 billion, are far-reaching and unprecedented. The obvious and sudden impacts on for example waste plastic production, water and air quality and atmospheric chemistry are accelerating human awareness of current environmental chal

关键词： COVID-19 History of epidemics Aerosol disease transmission Coronavirus Anthropocene record

Extreme climatic events in relation to global change and their impact on life histories

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Current Zoology 2011年第3期57卷 375-389页

作者： Juan moreno Anders Pape Moller Departamento de Ecologia Evolutiva Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales-CSIC C/Jod Gutierrez Abascal 2 E-28006 Madrid Spain Laboratoire d'Ecologie Systematique et Evolution CNRS UMR 8079 Universite Paris-Sud Bfttiment 362 F-91405 Orsay Cedex Franc

Extreme weather conditions occur at an increasing rate as evidenced by higher frequency of hurricanes and more extreme precipitation and temperature anomalies. such extreme environmental conditions will have important implications for all living organisms through greater frequency of reproductive failure and reduced adult survival. We review examples of reproductive failure and reduced survival related to extreme weather conditions. Phenotypic plasticity may not be sufficient to allow adaptation to extreme weather for many animals. Theory predicts reduced reproductive effort as a response to increased stochasticity. We predict that patterns of natural selection will change towards truncation selection as environmental conditions become more extreme. such changes in patterns of selection may facilitate adaptation to extreme events. However, effects of selection on reproductive effort are difficult to detect. We present a number of predictions for the effects of extreme weather conditions in need of empirical tests. Finally, we suggest a number of empirical reviews that could improve our ability to judge the effects of extreme environmental conditions on life history [Current Zoology 57 （3）： 375-389, 2011].

关键词： Bet hedging Climate change Extreme weather Reproductive failure Truncation selection

Evaluation of drought indices to identify tolerant genotypes in common bean bush(Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2020年第1期19卷 99-107页

作者： Alefsi David sáNCHEZ-REINOsO Gustavo Adolfo LIGARRETO-moreno Hermann REsTREPO-DíAZ Departamento de Agronomía Universidad Nacional de Colombia

Drought is one of the major abiotic stresses often causing negative impacts on bean crops in the Andean region in Colombia. An experiment under the greenhouse conditions was carried out to assess the effect of a prolonged drought period(15 days) at two different phenological stages(vegetative or reproductive) on grain yield and yield components of five bush bean cultivars(ICA-Cerinza, Bachue, NUA35, Bianca, and Bacatá). Nine tolerance indices including stress susceptibility index(ssI), tolerance(TOL), mean productivity(MP), geometric mean productivity(GMP), stress tolerance index(sTI), yield stability index(YsI), yield index(YI), Harmonic mean(HM), and drought sensitivity index(DsI) were calculated based on grain yield under non-stressed(YP) and drought(Ys) conditions. Based on the different drought indices, genotypes ICA-Cerinza and NUA35 had the best performance under drought conditions in both studied phases, which reflected in a reduction of grain yield ~≤40%. The biplot analysis also showed a clear superiority of these two genotypes at both phenological stages. Results also showed that ssI was more effective to identify genotypes less affected by drought. The above results allowed us to conclude that ICA-Cerinza and NUA35 may be considered for agricultural areas where long periods of water deficit are expected and can be used in breeding programs for drought tolerance.

关键词： yield components selection indices correlation biplot analysis

An Approach to Design MIMO FO Controllers for Unstable Nonlinear Plants

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica sinica 2016年第3期3卷 338-344页

作者： Arturo Rojas-moreno IEEE Department of Electrical Engineering Universidad de Ingenieriay Tecnologia (www.utec.edu.pe)

This paper develops an approach to control unstable nonlinear multi-inputs multi-output(MIMO) square plants using MIMO fractional order(FO) controllers. The controller design uses the linear time invariant(LTI) state space representation of the nonlinear model of the plant and the diagonal closedloop transfer matrix(TM) function to ensure decoupling between inputs. Each element of the obtained MIMO controller could be either a transfer function(TF) or a gain. A TF is associated in turn with its corresponding FO TF. For example, a D(Derivative) TF is related to a FO TF of the form Dδ, δ =[0, 1]. Two applications were performed to validate the developed approach via experimentation: control of the angular positions of a manipulator, and control of the car and arm positions of a translational manipulator.

关键词： Fractional calculus modeling of nonlinear sys-tem control of manipulator multivariable decoupling multivari-able nonlinear system

Combining X-ray microtomography with computer simulation for analysis of granular and porous materials

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Particuology 2010年第2期8卷 81-99页

作者： Roberto moreno-Atanasio Richard A. Williams Institute of Particle science and Engineering School of Process Environmental and Materials Engineering University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT UK

The use of X-ray microtomographic （XMT） methods in analysing particulate systems has expanded rapidly in recent years with the availability of affordable desk-top apparatus. This review presents a summary of the major applications in which computer simulations are explicitly coupled with XMT in the area of granular and porous materials. We envisage two main ways of establishing the coupling between both techniques, based on the transference or exchange of information by using physical or geometrical parameters （i.e. a parametric link through fitting to a process model） or through the direct use of3D XMT digital images （i.e. comparing image pixels and features directly）. Examples of coupled applications are shown for the study of transport properties of rocks, particle packing, mechanical loading and sintering. Often, the link between XMT and computer simulations is based on visual comparisons and we conclude that the use of quantitative parameters such as the number of interparticle contacts, force networks or granule shape to link both techniques is still underrepresented in the literature. strategies to provide a more robust and quantitative approach to optimise the information obtained from such tomography analyses are proposed. 2010 Chinese society of Particuology and Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of sciences. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： X-ray microtomographyGranular flowComputer modellingLattice Boltzmann methodDiscrete element method

Biomimetic Control of Mechanical systems Equipped with Musculotendon Actuators

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2011年第1期8卷 56-68页

作者： Javicr moreno-Valenzuel Adriana salinas-Avila Instituto Politecnico Naoional-CITEDl Av. del Parque 1310 Mesa de Otay Tianjuana B.C. 22510 Mexico

This paper addresses the problem of modelling, control, and simulation of a mechanical system actuated by an agonist-antagonist musculotendon subsystem. Contraction dynamics is given by case 1 of Zajac＇s model. saturated semi positive proportional-derivative-type controllers with switching as neural excitation inputs are proposed. stability theory of switched system and sOsTOOLs, which is a sum of squares optimization toolbox of Matlab, are used to determine the stability of the obtained closed-loop system. To corroborate the obtained theoretical results numerical simulations are carried out. As additional contribution, the discussed ideas are applied to the biomimetic control of a DC motor, i.e., the position control is addressed assuming the presence of musculotendon actuators. Real-experiments corroborate the expected results.

关键词： biomimetie control musculotendon dynamics neural excitation saturation switched systems

On the uncertainty of interwell connectivity estimations from the capacitance-resistance model

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Petroleum science 2014年第2期11卷 265-271页

作者： Gustavo A moreno Larry W Lake YPF Macacha Güemes 515 YPF-Tecnología Baradero S/N (1925) Center for Petroleum and Geosystems Engineering University of Texas at Austin

The capacitance-resistance model （CRM） is an alternative to conventional reservoir simulation. CRM, a simplification of complex numerical models, uses production and injection rates to infer a reservoir description. There is no prior geologic model. The principal output of CRM fitting is the fraction of injected fluid （usually water） that is produced at a producer at steady-state. These fractions are interwell connectivities. Interwell connectivities are fundamental information needed to manage waterfloods in oil reservoirs. The data-driven CRM is a fast tool to estimate these parameters in mature fields and allows one to make full use of the dynamic data available. This paper considers the problem of setting an upper bound on the uncertainty of interwell connectivities for linear-constrained models. Using analytical bounds and numerical simulations, we derive a consistent upper limit on the uncertainty of interwell connections that can be used to quantify the information content of a given dataset.

关键词： Data-driven models capacitance-resistance model secondary recovery waterfloodoptimization interwell connectivities