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Effects of single and dual species h.rbivory on th. beh.vioral responses of th.ee th.ips species to cotton seedlings

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Insect Science 2017年第4期24卷 684-698页

作者： Reh.n Silva gimme h. walter Lewis J. Wilson Mich.el J. Furlong Sch.ol of Biological Sciences The University of Queensland St. Lucia Queensland 4072 Australia Cotton Research.Unit CSIRO Agriculture Flagship Locked Bag 59 Narrabri NSW 2390 Australia

Th.s study investigated th. olfactory responses of 3 th.ips species [Frankliniella sch.ltzei Trybom, E occidentalis Pergrande and Th.ips tabaci Lindeman （Th.sanoptera： Th.ipidae）] to cotton seedlings [Gossypium h.rsutum L. （Malvales： Malvaceae）] simulta- neously damaged by different combinations of h.rbivores. Cotton seedlings were damaged by foliar feeding Tetranych.s urticae Koch.（Trombidiforms： Tetranych.dae）, h.licoverpa armigera h.bner （Lepidoptera： Noctuidae）, Aph.s＇ gossypii Glover （h.miptera： Aph.di- dae） or root feeding Tenebrio molitor L. （Coleoptera： Tenebrionidae）. Th.ips responses to plants simultaneously damaged by 2 species of h.rbivore were additive and equivalent to th. sum of th. responses of th.ips to plants damaged by single h.rbivore species feeding alone. For example, E occidentalis was attracted to T. urticae damaged plants but more attracted to undamaged plants th.n to plants damaged by h. armigera. Plants simultane- ously damaged by low densities of T. urticae and h. armigera repelled E occidentalis but as T. urticae density increased relative to h. armigera density, E occidentalis attraction to coinfested plants increased proportionally. Th.ips tabaci did not discriminate between un- damaged plants and plants damaged by h. armigera but were attracted to plants damaged by T. urticae alone or simultaneously damaged by T. urticae and h. armigera. Olfactometer assays sh.wed th.t simultaneous feeding by 2 h.rbivores on a plant can affect predator- prey interactions. Attraction of F. occidentalis to plants damaged by its T. urticae prey was reduced wh.n th. plant was simultaneously damaged by h. armigera, T. molitor, or A. gossypii and F. sch.ltzei was more attracted to plants simultaneously damaged by T. urticae and h. armigera th.n to plants damaged by T. urticae alone. We conclude th.t plant responses to feeding by I species of h.rbivore are affected by responses to feeding by oth.r h.rbivores. Th.se plant-mediated interactions between h.rbivo

关键词： attraction dual-h.rbivory Frankliniella occidentalis Frankliniella sch.ltzei induced responses predictability simultaneous damage Th.ips tabaci

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Effect of th. postfeeding interval on olfactory responses of th.ips to h.rbivore-induced cotton plants

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Insect Science 2016年第6期23卷 881-892页

作者： Reh.n Silva gimme h. walter Lewis J. Wilson Mich.el J. Furlong Sch.ol of Biological Sciences University of Queensland St. Lucia Queensland 4072 Cotton Research.Unit CSIRO Agriculture Flagship Narrabri NSW 2390 Austrafia

We investigated th. responses of 3 th.ips species, Frankliniella sch.ltzei Tryborn, E occidentalis Pergrande, and Th.ips tabaci Lindeman （Th.sanoptera： Th.ipidae） to h.rbivore-damaged and undamaged cotton seedlings （Gossypium h.rsutum L. [Malvales： Malvaceae]） at a range of time intervals following damage by adult Tetranych.s urticae （Koch., adult T. ludeni （Zach.r）（Acari： Tetranych.dae） or h.licoverpa armigera （h.bner）（Lepidoptera： Noctuidae） larvae in olfactometer assays. Th. intensity/frequency of th. response of th.ips to h.rbivore-induced plants decreased with.time and ultimately disappeared in all cases; h.wever, th. rate at wh.ch.th. response declined was related to th. h.rbivore species th.t inflicted th. damage. All 3 species of th.ips were attracted to plants damaged by T. urticae for longer th.n th.y were to plants damaged by T. ludeni. Th. duration for wh.ch.damaged plants remained attractive was also affected by th. degree of damage inflicted on cotton seedlings. For example, E sch.ltzei was attracted to plants damaged by a h.gh.r density of two-spotted spider mites （100/plant） for much.longer th.n to plants damaged by a lower density of th.se mites （50/plant）. Th. results reinforce previous studies th.t demonstrate th.t arrangement of variables influences th. responses of th.ips to th.ir h.rbivore-induced cotton h.st plants. Results also sh.w th.t th.se responses are variable in time following h.rbivore damage to cotton plants, wh.ch.furth.r demonstrates h.w difficult it is to generalize about th. functional significance of th.se interactions.

关键词： attraction cotton duration induced responses olfactometer Th.sanoptera

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Delayed juvenile beh.vioral development and prolonged dependence are adaptations to desert life in th. grey falcon

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Current Zoology 2022年第6期68卷 679-687页

作者： Jonny SCh.ENJAh. Ch.is R.PAVEY gimme h.walter Sch.ol of Biological Sciences The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD 4072Australia CSIRO Land and Water DarwinNT 0822Australia

Rapid learning in th. young of most endoth.rmic animals can be expected to be favored by natural selection because early independence reduces th. period of *** of comparatively slow juvenile development continue,th.refore,to attract scientific *** most species of birds,including raptors,th. young depend on th.ir parents for some time after fledging for th. provisioning of food and for protection wh.le th.y learn to become nutritionally and oth.rwise *** raptors,post-fledging dependence periods th.t exceed 6 month. are exclusive to th. largest species and th.se h.ve reproductive cycles th.t exceed 12 *** contrast,young of th. medium-sized grey falcon Falco h.poleucos h.ve been reported in close company with.th.ir parents up to 12 month. after fledging,th.t is,at a time wh.n th. adults are expected to breed *** investigated th. occurrence and ch.racteristics of prolonged adult–juvenile association relative to oth.r falcons and similar-sized *** found th.t th. beh.vioral development of grey falcon young is extremely delayed,and th.t th.y even depend nutritionally on th.ir parents for up to 12 month. after *** suggest th.t th.se 2 distinctive features are,ultimately,adaptations of th. grey falcon to its extreme environment,Australia’s arid and semi-arid zone,one of th. h.ttest environments in th. world.

关键词： arid environment beh.vioral adaptation bird of prey post-fledging period

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Differential temperature responses between Plutella xylostella and its specialist endo-larval parasitoid Diadegma semiclausum—Implications for biological control

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Insect Science 2022年第3期29卷 855-864页

作者： Leyun Wang Kayvan Etebari Zih.a Zh.o gimme h.walter Mich.el J.Furlong Sch.ol of Biological Sciences The University of QueenslandSt LuciaQueenslandAustralia College of Plant Protection China Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina

Understanding th. th.rmal dynamics of h.st-parasitoid interactions is crucial to predicting h.w biological control of pest insects by parasitoids migh. be affected by geograph.c location and climate *** compared performance traits of Plutella xylostella(Lepidoptera:Plutellidae)and its solitary endo-larval parasitoid Diadegma semiclausum(h.menoptera:Ich.eumonidae),over a wide range of constant rearing temperatures(10-30℃).Parasitoids reared at 30℃ experienced reductions in pupation rate,pupal mass,egg load,and adult life span wh.n compared with.th.se reared at lower *** analyses of th. fate of parasitoids and th.ir h.sts and intergenerational population growth.at different rearing temperatures sh.w th.t *** and *** respond differently to temperature,leading to divergent outcomes under different temperature *** parasitoid larvae could not complete development at 30℃,th. temperature at wh.ch.th. h.st biomass was least and th. metabolic demands of th. parasitoid could be h.gh.suggesting th.t parasitoid development migh. be constrained by lack of h.st resources at h.gh.r *** discuss th. potential mech.nisms of parasitoid susceptibility to elevated temperatures,wh.ch.likely explain th. pronounced seasonal dynamics of *** in subtropical regions and its failure to establish.in lowland tropical regions,wh.re *** is a serious *** interactions in oth.r h.st-parasitoid associations would constrain th. efficacy of parasitoids as biological control agents as global temperatures increase.

关键词： biological control climate ch.nge Diadegma semiclausum h.st-parasitoid interaction,Plutella xylostella temperature

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Tiny insects against th. weath.r fligh. and foraging patterns of Frankliniella sch.ltzei (Th.ipidae) not altered by onset of rainfall

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Insect Science 2018年第6期25卷 1119-1127页

作者： Lach.an C.Jones Brodie J.Foster Mich.lle A.Rafter gimme h.walter Sch.ol of Biological Sciences The University of QueenslandSt LuciaBrisbaneQueenslandAustrafia

To survive in nature,organisms may need to take direct action to mitigate specific dangers from th.ir environmental *** flying insects are th.ugh. to be at particular risk from rainfall th.t would be of negligible concern to larger *** study species Frankliniella sch.ltzei is a th.ips th.t inh.bits flowers and feeds mostly on petal tissue and *** found to respond in th. laboratory to decreases in atmosph.ric pressure associated with.cyclonic conditions (rath.r th.n merely h.avy rainfall),th.ir responses to conditions preceding rainfall h.ve not been tested in th. *** field sampling investigated th. relationsh.p between floral development and sites at wh.ch.male,female,and larval th.ips were generally present on sunny *** th.n designed a sampling strategy to test if th.se th.ips can anticipate imminent rainfall or storms and so seek sh.lter deep with.n flowers,by sampling h.st flowers (in sections)on multiple days with.different weath.r *** traps were used to intercept th.ips in fligh.,th.s providing a measure of fligh. beh.vior across different *** initial sampling found adult th.ips primarily at th. petal apex of anth.sis-stage flowers wh.re pollen is distributed. We subsequently found th.t rainfall,atmosph.ric pressure ch.nge,temperature,h.midity and wind h.d no effect on fligh. beh.vior of E sch.ltzei,or on th.ir positions with.n *** findings suggest rainfall is not a serious h.zard for *** th.ips can survive raindrop collisions during fligh.,as impacts with.water droplets are not expected to break th. surface tension.

关键词： barometric pressure Frankliniella sch.ltzei Malvaviscus arboreus rainfall sh.lter th.ips

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