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Petrology of Spinel-Lherzolite Xenoliths from Mazéléand Others Northen Xenoliths Localities of Cameroon Volcanic Line: Exchange Reactions and Equilibrium State

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Open Journal of Geology 2024年第5期14卷 629-653页

作者： Nguihdama Dagwai Kamgang Pierre Mbowou Gbambié Isaac Bertrand Chazot gilles Ngounouno Ismaïla Department of Life and Earth Sciences Higher Teachers&#8217 Training College University of Maroua Maroua Cameroon Department of Earth Sciences Faculty of Science University of Yaound&#233 1 Yaound&#233 Cameroon Department of Mineral Prospecting and Exploration Technologies School of Geology and Mining Engineering University of Ngaoundere Meiganga Cameroon Ocean Geosciences Laboratory European University Institute of the Sea (IUEM) Brest France

The alkaline volcanism of the Cameroon Volcanic Line in its northern domain has raised many fresh enclaves of peridotites. The samples selected come from five (05) different localities (Liri, in the plateau of Kapsiki, Mazélé in the NE of Ngaoundéré, Tello and Ganguiré in the SE of Ngaoundéré and Likok, locality located in the west of Ngaoundé). The peridotite enclaves of the above localities show restricted mineralogical variation. Most are four-phase spinel-lherzolites, indicating that this is the main lithology that forms the lithospheric mantle below the shallow zone. No traces of garnet or primary plagioclase were detected, which strongly limits the depth range from which the rock fragments were sampled. The textures and the wide equilibrium temperatures (884˚C - 1115˚C) indicate also entrainment of lherzolite xenoliths from shallow depths within the lithosphere and the presence of mantle diapirism. The exchange reactions and equilibrium state established in this work make it possible to characterize the chemical composition of the upper mantle of each region and test the equilibrium state of the phases between them. Variations of major oxides and incompatible elemental concentrations in clinopyroxene indicate a primary control by partial melting. The absence of typical “metasomatic” minerals, low equilibration temperatures and enriched LREE patterns indicate that the upper mantle below septentrional crust of Cameroun underwent an event of cryptic metasomatic enrichment prior to partial melting. The distinctive chemical features, LREE enrichment, strong U, Ce and Pr, depletion relative to Ba, Nb, La, Pb, and T, fractionation of Zr and Hf and therefore ligh high Zr/Hf ratio, low La/Yb, Nb/La and Ti/Eu are all results of interaction of refractory peridotite residues with carbonatite melts.

关键词： Xenoliths Upper Mantle Northern Region Adamawa Cameroon Volcanic Line Exchange Reaction

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从国家文化安全的视角剖析海外华人的安全形势——基于欧洲华人社群的经验数据

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长沙理工大学学报（社会科学版） 2024年第4期39卷 120-130页

作者：李武智 gilles Guiheux 巴黎西岱大学亚非美社会科学研究中心法国巴黎75013

文章参考西方学术界关于东方主义和种族主义的相关理论,结合不同职业、不同年龄的欧洲华人社群的经验数据,剖析这一群体所处的文化安全处境,探索文化安全对其经济安全、人身安全和身份认同安全的影响。研究发现,西方社会对包括中国在内... 详细信息

文章参考西方学术界关于东方主义和种族主义的相关理论,结合不同职业、不同年龄的欧洲华人社群的经验数据,剖析这一群体所处的文化安全处境,探索文化安全对其经济安全、人身安全和身份认同安全的影响。研究发现,西方社会对包括中国在内的东方主义印象与对移民群体的种族主义偏见有着紧密联系,这使得欧洲华人群体的文化安全形势复杂且脆弱。保护海外华人个体的文化安全与保卫我国整体的文化安全密不可分,海外华人所处的文化安全形势对理解我国面临的整体文化安全挑战至关重要。

关键词：文化安全东方主义文化帝国主义种族主义移民海外华人

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Application of near-infrared spectroscopy for fast germplasm analysis and classification in multi-environment using intact-seed peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.)

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Oil Crop Science 2024年第2期9卷 132-141页

作者： Fentanesh Chekole Kassie gilles Chaix Hermine Bille Ngalle Maguette Seye Coura Fall Hodo-Abalo Tossim Aissatou Sambou Olivier Gibert Fabrice Davrieux Joseph Martin Bell Jean-Francois Rami Daniel Fonceka Joel Romaric Nguepjop Department of Plant Biology and Physiology Faculty of SciencesUniversity of Yaounde IYaoundeP.O.Box 337Cameroon Department of Plant Science College of AgricultureWolaita Sodo UniversitySodoP.O.Box 138Ethiopia CIRAD UMR AGAP InstitutMontpellierFrance AGAP Institut Univ MontpellierCIRADINRAEInstitut AgroMontpellierFrance ChemHouse Research Group MontpellierFrance Centre D’Etudes Regional Pour L’Amelioration de L’Adaptation a La Secheresse(CERAAS/ISRA) Route de KhomboleThiesBP 3320Senegal Dispositif de Recherche et de Formation en Partenariat Innovation et Amelioration Varietale en Afrique de L’Ouest(IAVAO)CERAASRoute de KhomboleThiesBP 3320Senegal CIRAD UMR QUALISUDSaint PierreFrance

Peanut is a worldwide oilseed crop and the need to assess germplasm in a non-destructive manner is important for seed nutritional breeding.In this study,Near Infrared Spectroscopy(NIRS)was applied to rapidly assess germplasm variability from whole seed of 699 samples,field-collected and assembled in four genetic and environmentbased sets:one set of 300 varieties of a core-collection and three sets of 133 genotypes of an interspecific population,evaluated in three environments in a large spatial scale of two countries,Mbalmayo and Bafia in Cameroon and Nioro in Senegal,under rainfed conditions.NIR elemental spectra were gathered on six subsets of seeds of each sample,after three rotation scans,with a spectral resolution of 16 cm-1over the spectral range of867 nm to 2530 nm.Spectra were then processed by principal component analysis(PCA)coupled with Partial least squares-discriminant analysis(PLS-DA).As results,a huge variability was found between varieties and genotypes for all NIR wavelength within and between environments.The magnitude of genetic variation was particularly observed at 11 relevant wavelengths such as 1723 nm,usually related to oil content and fatty acid composition.PCA yielded the most chemical attributes in three significant PCs(i.e.,eigenvalues>10),which together captured 93%of the total variation,revealing genetic and environment structure of varieties and genotypes into four clusters,corresponding to the four samples sets.The pattern of genetic variability of the interspecific population covers,remarkably half of spectrum of the core-collection,turning out to be the largest.Interestingly,a PLS-DA model was developed and a strong accuracy of 99.6%was achieved for the four sets,aiming to classify each seed sample according to environment origin.The confusion matrix achieved for the two sets of Bafia and Nioro showed 100%of instances classified correctly with 100%at both sensitivity and specificity,confirming that their seed quality was different from each other and all other samples.Overall,NIR

关键词： Groundnut Oilseed Near infrared spectroscopy Germplasm analysis Environment Nutritional Breeding

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A Budd-Chiari Syndrome Due to C Protein Deficiency: A Case Report at YaoundéGeneral Hospital (Cameroon)

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Open Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第4期14卷 117-124页

作者： Antonin Wilson Ndjitoyap Ndam gilles Gael Aghoagni Gouajio Armel Awana Tenone Danah Larry Tangie Ngek Mathurin Kowo Firmin Andoulo Ankouane Elie Claude Ndjitoyap Ndam Department of Internal Medicine Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaoundé 1 Yaoundé Came-roon Department of Internal Medicine and Peadiatrics Faculty of Health Sciences University of Buéa Buéa Cameroon Department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Sciences University of Ngaoundéré Ngaoundéré Cameroon

Primary Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) is a spontaneously fatal disease characterized by an obstruction of the hepatic venous outflow tract due to thrombosis or a primary disease of the venous wall. The primary form of BCS is extremely rare. This is a disease mainly affecting young adults of both sexes. Clinical manifestations are variable;they can be asymptomatic, acute, or subacute but mostly chronic. Several causes have been identified, such as myeloproliferative syndrome, antiphospholipid syndrome, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, and inherited thrombotic disorders. Data on primary BCS in Sub-Saharan Africa is rare as most publications available are case reports. In these reports, the causes are unknown with poor prognosis in most cases often leading to patient death. We herein present a case report of a male patient diagnosed with a primary BCS at Yaoundé General Hospital (Cameroon) caused by a Protein C deficiency who presented with ascites decompensating liver cirrhosis. Treatment was based on anticoagulants, diuretics and laxatives administration. Two years after the diagnosis, the patient is alive with clinical and paraclinical improvement.

关键词： Budd-Chiari Syndrome Hepatic Veins Liver Cirrhosis Protein C Deficiency Cameroon

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Towards an enhanced interpretation of δ18O changes during the past 300 kyr over Asia

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National Science Review 2022年第11期9卷 63-64页

作者： gilles Ramstein Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement LSCE/IPSL CEA-CNRS-UVSQUniversite Paris-Saclay

For many decades, the impact of orbital forcing on monsoon systems has been intensively studied. Rapidly, attention has been drawn to the Mid-Holocene due to the ’Green Sahara’, which was depicted, using many different proxies, as much more humid than the present-day desert. It also corresponds to enhanced Asian monsoons [1]. Climate models have been used to simulate this period.

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阿斯匹林预防心血管疾病的剂量系统综述

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美国医学会杂志（中文版） 2007年第5期26卷 292-298页

作者： Charles L. Campbell Susan Smyth gilles montalescot Steven R. Steinhubl 李呈亿（译） Gill He＇art Institute University of Kentucky Lexington Gill Heart Instiute and Institut de Cardiologie-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pitie-Salpetriere Paris France

背景：为了长期预防心血管疾病，目前美国有5千万以上的成年人定期服用阿斯匹林，所用剂量通常为81mg／d或325mg／d。关于长期服用阿斯匹林的最佳剂量目前仍有争议。目的：复习阿斯匹林的作用机制，对论述阿斯匹林剂量、效果和安全性相... 详细信息

背景：为了长期预防心血管疾病，目前美国有5千万以上的成年人定期服用阿斯匹林，所用剂量通常为81mg／d或325mg／d。关于长期服用阿斯匹林的最佳剂量目前仍有争议。目的：复习阿斯匹林的作用机制，对论述阿斯匹林剂量、效果和安全性相互关系的临床文献进行系统回顾。证据获取：使用MEDLINE和EMBASE（至2007年2月）对相关英文文献进行系统回顾。所用检索词为：阿斯匹林或乙酰水杨酸和剂量。检索限于临床试验，通过审查相关原始资料报告和综述文章的参考文献进一步扩展检索范围。已发表的关于心血管患者使用不同剂量阿斯匹林的前瞻性研究亦纳入分析。证据综合：尽管药理学数据证实长期服用30mg／d阿斯匹林足以充分抑制血小板血栓烷生成，但是目前批准使用的剂量高达1300mg／d。在美国，最常采用的剂量为81mg／d（60％），其次为325mg／d（35％）。现有证据（主要来自二级预防观察研究）支持下述观点：阿斯匹林剂量大于75至80mg／d并不提高疗效，更大剂量反而增加出血事件发生率，后者主要与胃肠道毒性有关。结论：对于心血管疾病的预防，现有临床数据并不支持常规、长期使用大于75～81mg／d剂量阿斯匹林。较高剂量的阿斯匹林虽然常用，但是并不能更好地预防心血管事件，而且发生胃肠道出血的危险增加。

关键词：心血管疾病阿斯匹林最佳剂量预防观系统综述 MEDLINE 长期服用系统回顾

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Pure forsterite in Nyiragongo lavas: evidence for subsolidus oxidation of volcanic rocks

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Acta Geochimica 2022年第1期41卷 12-23页

作者： Innocent Badriyo Agama gilles Chazot Pierre Kamgang Departement Des Sciences de la Terre Faculte Des SciencesUniversitede YaoundeIB.P.812YaoundeCameroon Laboratoire Geosciences Ocean Institut Universitaire Europe´en de la MerUniversitede Brest(UBO)UMR 6538Place Copernic29280 PlouzaneFrance Observatoire Volcanologique de Goma B.P.484GomaNord-KivuDemocratic Republic of the Congo

Some volcanic rocks from Nyiragongo volcano in the Democratic Republic of Congo contain highly oxidized olivine crystals.These olivines crystals are made of two phases,dark olivine on backscattered electron images of pure forsterite composition and grey Mg-poor areas made of olivine and iron-rich oxides.Calculation of the initial composition confirms that they are primary olivine with late separation of two different olivine compositions.Pure forsterite is enriched in SiO_(2) but contains lower amounts of CaO than Fe-rich areas,in agreement with expected partitioning of these elements related to the composition of the olivine.Iron-rich oxides formed around or inside the olivine crystals during the separation process and confirm a highly oxidized environment during their evolution.We propose that this separation occurred during subsolidus recrystallization under high fO_(2) conditions of the olivine crystals after cooling of the volcanic rocks.It provides evidences for circulation of iron-rich fluids or gas inducing deuteritic processes occurring in the large volcanic cone of the Nyiragongo,in relation with the presence of a shallow magma chamber connected to a large and permanent lava lake.

关键词： Nyiragongo Olivine Forsterite Oxidation

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Oxygenation target in acute respiratory distress syndrome

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Journal of Intensive Medicine 2023年第3期3卷 220-227页

作者： gilles Capellier Loic Barrot Hadrien Winizewski Réanimation Médicale CHU Jean MinjozBesançon 25000France Department of Health Monash UniversityMelbourne 3800Australia Equipe d’accueil EA 3920 Universitéde Franche ComteBesançon 25000France Département d’Anesthésie-Réanimation CHU Jan MinjozBesançon 25000France

Determining oxygenation targets in acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS)remains a challenge.Althoughoxygenation targets have been used since ARDS was first described,they have not been investigated in detail.However,recent retrospective and prospective trials have evaluated the optimal oxygenation threshold in patientsadmitted to the general intensive care unit.In view of the lack of prospective data,clinicians continue to relyon data from the few available trials to identify the optimal oxygenation strategy.Assessment of the cost-benefitratio of the fraction of inspired oxygen(FiO_(2))to the partial pressure of oxygen in the arterial blood(PaO_(2))is an additional challenge.A high FiO_(2) has been found to be responsible for respiratory failure and deaths innumerous animal models.Low and high PaO_(2) values have also been demonstrated to be potential risk factors inexperimental and clinical situations.The findings from this literature review suggest that PaO_(2) values rangingbetween 80 mmHg and 90 mmHg are acceptable in patients with ARDS.The costs of rescue maneuvers needed toreach these targets have been discussed.Several recent papers have highlighted the risk of disagreement betweenarterial oxygen saturation(SaO_(2))and peripheral oxygen saturation(SpO_(2))values.In order to avoid discrepanciesand hidden hypoxemia,SpO_(2) readings need to be compared with those of SaO_(2).Higher SpO_(2) values may beneeded to achieve the recommended PaO_(2) and SaO_(2) values.

关键词： Oxygen Oxygenation Acute respiratory distress syndrome Fraction of inspired oxygen(FiO_(2)) Arterial oxygen saturation Peripheral oxygen saturation(SpO_(2))

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Prevalence of Hepatitis B and Associated Factors in the Garoua Central Prison, Cameroon: A Cross-Sectional Study

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Open Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第5期14卷 174-183页

作者： Mohamadou Abdou Galdima Adamou Dodo Balkissou Guy Roger Nsenga Djapa Winnie Tatiana Bekolo Nga gilles Aghoagni Antonin Wilson Ndjitoyap Ndam Ali Abas Mathurin Pierre Kowo Firmin Ankouane Andoulo Dominique Noah Noah Oudou Njoya Servais Albert Fiacre Eloumou Bagnaka Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Garoua Garoua Cameroon Garoua Regional Hospital Garoua Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon Faculty de Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroon Faculty of Health Sciences University of Buea Buea Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaound&#233 1 Yaound&#233 Cameroon

Introduction: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major public health problem in Cameroon. Garoua city is the headquarters of the North Region of Cameroon, where the HBV prevalence is among the highest of the country. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of HBsAg carriage and associated factors among persons incarcerated in the Garoua Central Prison. Methods: It was a cross-sectional study conducted from July 1 to July 31, 2023 at the Garoua Central prison. We included all prisoners willing to participate in the study and who gave their verbal consent. We collected data using a pre-established data entry form and we used rapid test for blood screening for HBV surface antigen (HBs Ag) with ELISA confirmation. Data were analyzed using the R® software for Windows. After the univariate analysis, we selected associated variables to HBV infection with p-value p-value was set at 5%. Results: We included 1389 prisoners out of which 97.6% were male. The median age (IQR) of the study population was 28 (23 - 35) years. The median (IQR) duration of incarceration was 12 (6 - 26) months and the mean (±sd) number of incarcerations was 1.24 (±0.6). HBV prevalence was estimated at 14.8% (95% CI: 13.0 - 16.7). Upon uni- and multivariate analysis, no risk factor was significantly associated with viral hepatitis B infection in our study population. Conclusion: The prevalence of Hepatitis B was high in the Garoua Central Prison, but there were no additional risk factors for HBV infection. There is a need to include the Garoua Central Prison and by the way other prisons in the country in the chronic viral hepatitis care program.

关键词： Hepatitis B Prison Associated factors Cameroon

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Feedback of inter-hospital transfer of patients under high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2022年第3期13卷 219-221页

作者： Emilien Arnaud Sylvain Leclere Martin Petitprez gilles Vincent Christine Ammirati Department of Emergency Medicine Amiens-Picardy University HospitalAmiens 80000France

Severe forms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)can lead to hypoxemic pneumonia and the need for treatment with high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) oxygen therapy.This treatment decreases the need for subsequent invasive ventilation in patients with hypoxemic pneumonia.The oxygen flow in the nasal cannula is driven pneumatically or using a turbine.Oxygen and air are mixed (giving the fraction of inspired oxygen[FiO;]) and propelled at up to 80L·min;.The propelled gases must be heated and humidified.HFNC system is not intended for use outside a hospital environment.

关键词： nasal patients flow

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