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Terahertz endoscopic imaging for colorectal cancer detection:Current status and future perspectives

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2017年第8期9卷 346-358页

作者： Pallavi Doradla Cecil Joseph Robert h giles Wellman Center for Photomedicine Harvard Medical School Biomedical Terahertz Technology center Department of PhysicsUniversity of Massachusetts Lowell

Terahertz(Thz) imaging is progressing as a robust platform for myriad applications in the field of security,health,and material *** Thz regime,which comprises wavelengths spanning from microns to millimeters,is non-ionizing and has very low photon energy:Making it inherently safe for biological *** cancer is one of the most common causes of death in the world,while the conventional screening and standard of care yet relies exclusively on the physician's *** have been working on the development of a flexible Thz endoscope,as a potential tool to aid in colorectal cancer *** involves building a single-channel Thz endoscope,and profiling the Thz response from colorectal tissue,and demonstrating endogenous contrast levels between normal and diseased tissue when imaging in reflection *** current level of contrast provided by the prototype Thz endoscopic system represents a significant step towards clinical endoscopic application of Thz technology for invivo colorectal cancer *** aim of this paper is to provide a short review of the recent advances in Thz endoscopic technology and cancer *** particular,the potential of single-channel Thz endoscopic imaging for colonic cancer screening will be highlighted.

关键词： Endoscopy Terahertz imaging Colonoscopy Colon Cancer detection Flexible waveguides Metal-coated Polarization-sensitive Polarization Cross-pol

Characterization of volatiles Tribolium castaneum(h.)in flour using solid phase microextraction–gas chromatography mass spectrometry(SPME–GCMS)

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Food Science and human Wellness 2016年第1期5卷 24-29页

作者： Yonghao Niu giles hardy Manjree Agarwal Lei hua Yonglin Ren College of Plant Protection Northwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxi 712100China School of Veterinary and Life Sciences Murdoch University90 South StreetMurdochWA 6150Australia Australia Cooperative Research Centre for National Plant Biosecurity LPO Box 5012BruceACT 2617Australia

The objective of this study was to identify volatile organic compounds(VOCs)from flour,Tribolium castaneum(herbst)and flour infested by *** separately,to confirm the difference of healthy flour and flour infested by *** and to explore the new technique to diagnose stored flour’s quality by its VOCs ***-solid phase microextraction(hS-SPME)coupled with gas chromatography(GC)and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry(GC–MS)were used to detect the VOCs of three different ***,71 different compounds were identified in flour,*** and *** infested ***,27 VOCs were identified from flour alone,32 VOCs from *** and 39 VOCs from *** infested *** compound 2-ethyl-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1,4-dione is only found in *** infested *** suggests that 2-ethyl-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1,4-dione can be a useful VOC for detecting *** in flour.

关键词： mass phase solid

Musculoskeletal Conditions in Persons Living with hIV/AIDS:A Scoping Review

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Current Medical Science 2022年第1期42卷 17-25页

作者： Louise Schade Berg James JYoung Deborah Kopansky-giles Stefan Eberspaecher Geoff Outerbridge Eric Lhurwitz Jan hartvigsen Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics University of Southern DenmarkOdense 5230Denmark Department of Research Canadian Memorial Chiropractic CollegeToronto M2H3 J1Canada Department of Family&Community Medicine University of TorontoMG51V7Canada Department of Orthopedic Surgery Princess Marina HospitalGaborone 8WVF+7H3Botswana World Spine Care Canadian Memorial Chiropractic CollegeToronto M2H 3J1Canada Office of Public health Studies University of Hawaii at ManoaHonolulu 96822USA Chiropractic Knowledge hub Odense 5230Denmark

Objective:Globally 37.9 million people are living with hIV/AIDS,and with mortality rates declining,there is an increasing focus on comorbidities including musculoskeletal(MSK)***,the aim of this scoping review was to generate and summarize an overview of the existing scientific literature dealing with MSK complaints in people living with hIV/AIDS(PLWhAs).Methods:This scoping review followed the five-stage methodological framework proposed by Arksey and O'Malley.

关键词： musculoskeletal conditions hIV AIDS

Dissecting the Native Architecture and Dynamics of Cyanobacterial Photosynthetic Machinery

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Molecular Plant 2017年第11期10卷 1434-1448页

作者： Selene Casella Fang huang David Mason Guo-Yan Zhao giles N. Johnson Conrad W. Mullineaux Lu-Ning Liu Institute of Integrative Biology University of Liverpool Crown Street Liverpool L69 7ZB UK Centre for Cell Imaging University of Liverpool Crown Street Liverpool L69 7ZB UK College of Life Science Shandong Normal University Jinan 250014 P. R. China School of Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PT UK School of Biological and Chemical Sciences Queen Mary University of London Mile End Road London E1 4NS UK

The structural dynamics and flexibility of cell membranes play fundamental roles in the functions of the cells, i.e., signaling, energy transduction, and physiological adaptation. The cyanobacterial thylakoid membrane represents a model membrane that can conduct both oxygenic photosynthesis and respiration simultaneously. In this study, we conducted direct visualization of the global organization and mobility of photosynthetic complexes in thylakoid membranes from a model cyanobacterium, Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942, using high-resolution atomic force, confocal, and total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy. We visualized the native arrangement and dense packing of photosystem I （PSI）, photosystem II （PSlI）, and cytochrome （Cyt） befwithin thylakoid membranes at the molecular level. Furthermore, we func- tionally tagged PSI, PSlI, Cyt bef, and ATP synthase individually with fluorescent proteins, and revealed the heterogeneous distribution of these four photosynthetic complexes and determined their dynamic features within the crowding membrane environment using live-cell fluorescence imaging. We characterized red light-induced clustering localization and adjustable diffusion of photosynthetic complexes in thylakoid membranes, representative of the reorganization of photosynthetic apparatus in response to environmental changes. Understanding the organization and dynamics of photosynthetic membranes is essential for rational design and construction of artificial photosynthetic systems to undarpin bioenergy development. Knowledge of cyanobacterial thylakoid membranes could also be extended to other cell membranes, such as chloroplast and mitochondrial membranes.

关键词： cyanobacteria thylakoid membrane atomic force microscopy photosynthesis fluorescence imaging protein dynamics

highly efficient surface-emitting semiconductor lasers exploiting quasi-crystalline distributed feedback photonic patterns

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Light(Science & Applications) 2020年第1期9卷 1498-1508页

作者： Simone Biasco Andrea Ciavatti Lianhe Li Agiles Davies Edmund h.Linfield harvey Beere David Ritchie Miriam S.Vitiello NEST CNR-Istituto Nanoscienze and Scuola Normale SuperiorePiazza San Silvestro 1256127 PisaItaly School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering University of LeedsLeeds LS29JTUK Cavendish Laboratory University of CambridgeCambridge CB30HEUK

Quasi-crystal distributed feedback lasers do not require any form of mirror cavity to amplify and extract *** implemented on the top surface of a semiconductor laser,a quasi-crystal pattern can be used to tune both the radiation feedback and the extraction of highly radiative and high-quality-factor optical modes that do not have a defined symmetric or anti-symmetric ***,this methodology offers the possibility to achieve efficient emission,combined with tailored spectra and controlled beam ***,we apply this concept to a onedimensional quantum cascade wire *** lithographically patterning a series of air slits with different widths,following the Octonacci sequence,on the top metal layer of a double-metal quantum cascade laser operating at Thz frequencies,we can vary the emission from single-frequency-mode to multimode over a 530-Ghz bandwidth,achieving a maximum peak optical power of 240mW(190 mW)in multimode(single-frequency-mode)lasers,with record slope efficiencies for multimode surface-emitting disordered Thz lasers up to ≈570 mW/A at 78 K and ≈720 mW/A at 20 K and wall-plug efficiencies of η≈1%.

关键词： lasers surface quantum

Optimized Method to Analyze Rose Plant Volatile Organic Compounds by hS-SPME-GC-FID/MSD

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2017年第3期5卷 13-31页

作者： Mohammed Ibrahim Manjree Agarwal giles hardy Yonglin Ren School of Veterinary and Life Science Murdoch University Murdoch Australia College of Agriculture University of Babylon Babylon Iraq

A method involving headspace solid-phase microextraction (hS-SPME) fiber combined with gas chromatography (GC) coupled with flame ionization detection (FID) and gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was developed and optimized to investigate volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from different tissues (flowers, leaves, stems, rhizosphere and whole plants) of Floribunda and hybrid Tea roses (intact and cut). Three-phase fiber 50/30 μm divinylbenzene/carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane (DVB/CAR/PDMS) was used. Two types of chambers (Tedlar bag and glass jar) were evaluated for collection of VOCs and glass jar was selected. Absorbed compounds on the fiber were completely desorbed in the GC injector port at three desorption times (5, 10 and 15 min), and 5 min at 250?C was used. The maximum extraction efficiency for flowers tissues (equilibrium absorption) was achieved 2 h after fiber exposure in the headspace for intact and cut Floribunda and hybrid Tea flowers. Under the optimized hS-SPME and GC-FID/MS conditions, 1h extraction time was chosen for intact and cut Floribunda and hybrid Tea leaves and stems. The results demonstrated that 5 cm depth was selected for root and soil part (rhizosphere) for both rose cultivars, and 6 h and 12 h extraction time of VOCs from rhizosphere was achieved for Floribunda and hybrid Tea, respectively. One hour was chosen for VOCs released from whole rose plants for both cultivars. In this study, the VOC profiles of two rose cultivars were characterized by the optimized hS-SPME-GC method. The different tissues of rose plants gave wide range of the VOCs;also the chromatograms of different cultivars were quite different and the specific VOC pattern of rose types depends on the species. Results from this study demonstrate the feasibility of this method for identifying VOCs from two rose cultivars and the potential use of this method for physiological studies on rose plants or on other floriculture plants.

关键词： Optimization Rose tissues VOCs SPME-GC-FID/MS Floribunda hybrid Tea

Measuring free tissue sulfide

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Advances in Biological Chemistry 2012年第4期2卷 360-365页

作者： Abel Damien Ang Andreas Konigstorfer Greg Ian giles Madhav Bhatia Deptartment of Pathology University of Otago Christchurch New Zealand Deptartment of Pharmacology & Toxicology University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand

hydrogen sulfide is synthesized endogenously in mammals and has been shown to have both physiological and pathological functions. So far there has been little agreement as to the actual levels of endogenous sulfide under physiological or pathological conditions;this is partly due to the complexity involved in measuring free sulfides due to h2S volatility, oxidation, reactivity and the presence of bound labile sulfur in tissues. In this report we describe a method of measuring free tissue sulfides using a zinc sulfide precipitation and wash method. It is an indirect method that measures the sulfide difference between samples prepared at ph 9 and ph 6, assuming that at ph 9 free sulfides would be retained in solution, while at ph 6 free sulfides would volatilize during sample preparation. Using this approach we were able to measure appreciable amounts of free sulfides in mouse: lung, pancreas, liver and kidney at 0.036 + 0.006, 0.082 + 0.009, 0.215 + 0.016 and 0.323 + 0.031 nmole per mg of tissue respectively (n = 6).

关键词： Free Sulfide Measuring Tissue Sulfide h2S

The next detectors for gravitational wave astronomy

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2015年第12期58卷 91-124页

作者： BLAIR David JU Li ZhAO ChunNong WEN LinQing MIAO haiXing CAI RongGen GAO JiangRui LIN XueChun LIU Dong WU Ling-An ZhU Zonghong hAMMOND giles PAIK ho Jung FAFONE Viviana ROCChI Alessio BLAIR Carl MA YiQiu QIN JiaYi PAGE Michael School of Physics The University of Western Australia School of Physics and Astronomy University of Birmingham State Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics Institute of Theoretical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences The School of Physics & Electronic Engineering Shanxi University Laboratory of All-Solid-State Light Sources Institute of Semiconductors Chinese Academy of Science State Key Laboratroy of Modern Optical Instrumentation Department of Optical Engineering Zhejiang University Laboratory of Optical Physics Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Gravitational Wave and Cosmology Laboratory Department of Astronomy Beijing Normal University School of Physics and Astronomy SUPA University of Glasgow Department of Physics University of Maryland College Park University of Rome Tor Vergata INFN Roma Tor Vergata

This paper focuses on the next detectors for gravitational wave astronomy which will be required after the current ground based detectors have completed their initial observations, and probably achieved the first direct detection of gravitational waves. The next detectors will need to have greater sensitivity, while also enabling the world array of detectors to have improved angular resolution to allow localisation of signal sources. Sect. 1 of this paper begins by reviewing proposals for the next ground based detectors,and presents an analysis of the sensitivity of an 8 km armlength detector, which is proposed as a safe and cost-effective means to attain a 4-fold improvement in sensitivity. The scientific benefits of creating a pair of such detectors in China and Australia is emphasised. Sect. 2 of this paper discusses the high performance suspension systems for test masses that will be an essential component for future detectors, while sect. 3 discusses solutions to the problem of Newtonian noise which arise from fluctuations in gravity gradient forces acting on test masses. Such gravitational perturbations cannot be shielded, and set limits to low frequency sensitivity unless measured and suppressed. Sects. 4 and 5 address critical operational technologies that will be ongoing issues in future detectors. Sect. 4 addresses the design of thermal compensation systems needed in all high optical power interferometers operating at room temperature. Parametric instability control is addressed in sect. 5. Only recently proven to occur in Advanced LIGO, parametric instability phenomenon brings both risks and opportunities for future detectors. The path to future enhancements of detectors will come from quantum measurement technologies. Sect. 6 focuses on the use of optomechanical devices for obtaining enhanced sensitivity, while sect. 7 reviews a range of quantum measurement options.

关键词： future gravitational wave detectors opto-mechanics quantum limit

Immunophenotyping identifies distinct cellular signatures for systemic lupus erythematosus and lupus nephritis

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Rheumatology & Autoimmunity 2023年第1期3卷 15-25页

作者： Yi Tong V.Aw Phillip J.Whiley Ayla May Lorenzo Tom Lea-henry Somasundhari Shanmuganandam Maurice Stanley Sonia N.Babu Vicki Athanasopoulos Jean Cappello Julia I.Ellyard Matthew Cook Carola Vinuesa giles Walters David A.Fulcher Simon h.Jiang Division of Medicine The Canberra HospitalGarranAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia The Australian National University Medical School GarranAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia Department of General Surgery The Canberra HospitalGarranAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease John Curtin School of Medical ResearchGarranAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia Centre for Personalized Immunology NHMRC Centre for Research ExcellenceCanberraAustralia Department of Renal Medicine The Canberra HospitalGarranAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia Department of Immunology The Canberra HospitalCanberraAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia

Background:Systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)is a complex systemic autoimmune disease characterized by development of autoantibodies and multiorgan *** involvement,termed lupus nephritis,has major impact on life *** is increasingly recognized that SLE is likely a common clinical manifestation of pathophysiologically diverse processes,and lupus nephritis has similarly been associated with several distinct immunological *** compared the immune cell phenotypes of individuals with SLE in the presence or absence of ***:Cryopreserved peripheral blood mononuclear cells from SLE patients with and without kidney involvement underwent flow cytometric analysis to identify major populations in T cells,B cells and myeloid ***:We compared the frequencies of lymphocyte populations in 69 SLE patients without nephritis,20 SLE patients with nephritis,and 92 healthy blood *** with SLE and lupus nephritis(LN)had reduced marginal zone B cells(Phelper(Tfh)memory cells(Phealthy *** with lupus nephritis had increase Th2(Ph SLE patients without nephritis and healthy ***:SLE patients with and without lupus nephritis have distinct immunologic differences that may reflect the unique pathophysiological processes contributing to disease manifestations.

关键词： immunoprofiling lupus nephritis systemic lupus erythematosus