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Accumulation of Heavy Metals in Maga-Pouss Rice Fields (Far-North Region, cameroon) and Transfer to Rice Grains

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第3期15卷 311-326页

作者： Diane Madomguia gilbert Bello Basokdou Kalieu w. Appoline Isabelle Patrice Kuitekam Dongo Edouard Nya Serge Hubert Zebaze Togouet Department of Hydraulics and water Management National Advanced School of Engineering University of Maroua Maroua Cameroon Research center of Global Studies with Multidisciplinary Units (cREGUM) Maroua Cameroon National Laboratory of Analysis of Agricultural Inputs and Products Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development Messa-Yaoundé Cameroon Department of Animal Physiology and Biology Faculty of Sciences University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon

Monitoring of heavy metals contamination of agricultural products and their transfer and bioaccumulation in crops like rice has become a hot topic worldwide over the last two decades. The present study was carried out to determine the accumulation of heavy metals in rice fields and their transfer to rice grains. Soil, irrigation water and rice grains samples were gathered in Maga-Pouss, Far-North, cameroon. concentrations of six heavy metals (lead, cadmium, zinc, copper, iron and mercury) were evaluated by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Mercury was not detected in this study. Average concentrations of metals were in this order (in mg/kg): Fe (188.60 ± 97.06) > Pb (63.63 ± 7.11) > cd (2.59 ± 0.29) > Zn (1.10 ± 1.05) > cu (0.80 ± 0.73) in water and Pb (105.50 ± 31.11) > Fe (105.50 ± 31.11) > cu (45.93 ± 14.39) > Zn (22.52 ± 6.40) > cd (3.15 ± 0.49) in soil. water in Maga-Pouss rice fields appears to be more harmful than the soil, notably for lead, cadmium and copper. In rice grains, heavy metals were found in this order (mg/kg): Fe (188.01 ± 82.62) > cu (27.20 ± 0.00) > Zn (23.61 ± 12.42) > Pb (19.50 ± 19.91) > cd (2.02 ± 1.05). The mean bioconcentration factor (BcF) of metals from soil to rice grains was in the following order: Fe (2.60) > Zn (1.05) > cd (0.64) > cu (0.59) > Pb (0.18). From water to rice grains, the order is: cu (37.26) > Zn (22.49) > cd (6.97) > Pb (2.74) > Fe (1.94). Rice field pH and electrical conductivity favored the uptake of lead, copper and cadmium by rice grains. The findings of this study will be good documentation for risk assessment, and decision-making by environmental managers in this region.

关键词： Heavy Metals Rice Field Bioconcenration Factor Maga-Pouss Accumulation

Laparoscopic management of remnant gall bladder with stones: Lessons from a tertiary care centre's experience

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Laparoscopic, Endoscopic and Robotic Surgery 2024年第1期7卷 27-33页

作者： gilbert Samuel Jebakumar Jeevanandham Muthiah Loganathan Jayapal R.Santhosh Kumar Siddhesh Tasgaonkar K.S.Santhosh Anand J.K.A.Jameel Sudeepta Kumar Swain K.J.Raghunath Prasanna Kumar Reddy Tirupporur Govindaswamy Balachandar Department of Surgical Gastroenterology Apollo HospitalsChennai 600006India Department of General Surgery Apollo HospitalsChennai 600006India Department of Minimal Access Surgery Apollo HospitalsChennai 600006India

Objective:Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is currently the gold standard for treating symptomatic gallstone *** its success,approximately 10%of patients may experience persistent biliary symptoms,leading to the post-cholecystectomy syndrome.A remnant gallbladder with cystic duct or bile duct stones is one of the causes of this *** objective of this study was to shed light on the clinical manifestations,evaluation,therapeutic strategies,and outcomes associated with laparoscopic management of symptomatic remnant ***:This was a retrospective study,conducted over a five-year period(January 2017 to December 2022)at Apollo Hospitals in South *** patients who underwent laparoscopic completion cholecystectomy for a remnant gall bladder were *** following data were collected:patient demographics,symptoms,preoperative investigations,intraoperative details and post operative ***:In total,36 patients were included and *** majority of patients were male(25,69.4%),with a mean age of 50.7±12.1 *** most common presentation was pain in the upper abdomen or right upper quadrant region(24,66.7%).The laparoscopic approach was attempted in all patients,with a success rate of 94.4%.Two patients required conversion to open *** fistula to the colon was observed in one *** was observed in 7 patients(19.4%),and stone clearance was successfully achieved using endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in all patients ***:Incomplete gall bladder removal either intentionally or unintentionally leaves a remnant gall bladder that is at risk for stone formation and *** who have this clinical entity with symptoms require a redo or complete cholecystectomy,a complex procedure associated with certain *** study highlights the feasibility and safety of laparoscopic completion cholecystectomy for the management of remnant gallbladder

关键词： Remnant gall bladder Stump cholecystitis Subtotal cholecystectomy Laparoscopic completion cholecystectomy

Laparoscopic Appendectomies at Brazzaville University Hospital

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Surgical Science 2024年第4期15卷 183-194页

作者： Murielle Etiennette Julie Note Madzele Pierlesky Elion Ossibi Bhodeho Medi Monwongui Didace Massamba Miabaou Giresse Bienvenu Tsouassa wa Ngono Prude Pertinie Avala Gilles Niengo Outsouta Noé Henschel Motoula Latou carmich Nzaka Moukala cédrick Du Bonheur Alima Koya gilbert Fabrice Otiobanda Digestive Surgery Department Brazzaville University Hospital Brazzaville Republic of the Congo Faculty of Health Sciences Marien Ngouabi University Brazzaville Republic of the Congo General Intensive care Unit Brazzaville University Hospital Brazzaville Republic of the Congo

Introduction: Acute appendicitis represents an urgent surgical condition, requiring the removal of the vermiform appendix. Laparoscopy is the standard surgical approach. This study aimed to outline the epidemiological, clinical, therapeutic, and outcome characteristics of patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery for acute appendicitis. Patients and Methods: A descriptive, retrospective analysis was carried out in the Emergency and Digestive Surgery departments of the University Hospital center of Brazzaville, spanning two years from January 1, 2021, to December 31, 2022. The study included all patients who underwent laparoscopic surgery for non-complicated acute appendicitis. Results: The study included 12 cases of non-complicated acute appendicitis treated with urgent laparoscopy. The mean age of the patients was 37 ± 8.9 years, with a sex ratio of 0.7. The predominant symptom leading to consultation was pain in the right iliac fossa, with an average time to consultation of 6.4 ± 5.7 hours. Patient histories included diabetes in one case, obesity in two cases, and one case of prior abdominoplasty. During surgery, a phlegmonous appendix was observed in nine patients. The average duration of hospital stay was 3.6 ± 1.3 days, with all patients experiencing uncomplicated recoveries. conclusion: The practice of emergency laparoscopic appendectomy is still relatively infrequent in our setting and presents an ongoing challenge.

关键词： Acute Appendicitis Appendectomy Laparoscopy Emergency

Test and prediction of chloride diffusion in recycled aggregate concrete

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Science china(Technological Sciences) 2014年第12期57卷 2357-2370页

作者： XIAO Jian Zhuang YING Jing wei TAM Vivian w.Y gilbert Ian R Department of Structural Engineering College of Cvil Engineering Tongji University School of civil Engineering and Architecture Guangxi University University of western Sydney School of Computing Engineering and Mathematics Locked Bag 1797Penrith NSW 2751 Australia School of civil and Environmental Engineering The University of New South Wales

Recycled aggregate concrete （RAc） specimens with different recycled zoarse aggregate replacement ratios by mass （R） are fully immersed in a 10% chloride solution for 235 days. Both free chloride concentration （cI） and total chloride concentration （ct） are then measured employing a rapid chloride test （RcT） system. The Fick＇s second diffusion law is verified by the test data and used to predict chloride concentration distribution at different immersion periods. Addilionally, pore structures of the new and old mortar in RAc are tested by mercury intrusion porosimetrV （MIP）. It is found that bind- ing chloride concentration （cb） linearly increases with cf. In natural aggregate concrete （NAc）, cf is obviously smaller than that in the RAc in the same testing environment and this is different from the test results of ct and cb. Furthermore, the effects of R on the chloride concentration of RAc become severe for specimens subjected to long immersion periods, which can be explained in terms of the pore structures of the new mortar and old adhesive mortar in RAc.

关键词： recycled aggregate concrete (RAc) chloride diffusion rapid chloride test (RcT) pore structure Fick's second diffu-sion law chloride binding

Urease activity and nitrogen dynamics in highly weathered soils with designer biochars under corn cultivation

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Biochar 2020年第3期2卷 343-356页

作者： gilbert c.Sigua Jeff M.Novak Don w.watts william T.Myers Thomas F.Ducey Kenneth c.Stone United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research ServiceCoastal Plains SoilWaterand Plant Research Center2611 West Lucas StreetFlorenceSC 29501USA

The application of designer biochar has the potential to impact soil enzyme activity and soil nitrogen ***,very little is known about the mechanisms responsible for biochar-enzyme-nitrogen interaction in highly weathered *** objective of our 3-year(2016-2018)field experiment was to evaluate the effectiveness of designer biochars(DB)in enhancing urease activity(UA),total nitrogen(TN),total inorganic nitrogen(TIN),and nitrogen uptake(NU)at different growth stages(GS)of corn in a highly weathered soil of southeastern coastal Plain region,*** treatments have consisted of the control,100%pine chips(100Pc),100%poultry litter(100PL),2:1 blend of Pc and PL(PcPL),100%raw switchgrass(Panicum vaginatum,L;100RSG),and 2:1 blend of Pc and RSG(PcRSG).All the designer biochar treatments were applied at the rate of 30,000 kg ha^(−1)to a Goldsboro loamy sand in *** activity,TN,TIN,and NU varied remarkably with DB(p≤0.0001)at different GS(p≤0.0001)of *** treated with 100PL had the greatest UA(28.18μg N g^(−1)h^(−1)),TN(0.087%),and TIN(14.53 mg kg^(−1))while the least UA,TN,and TIN of 20.55μg N g^(−1)h^(−1),0.063%,and 5.42 mg kg^(−1),respectively,were observed from the *** three-year TN average increase over the control was in the order:100PL(36.8%)>100RSG(25.8%)>PcRSG(25.3%)>PcPL(23.9%)>100Pc(7.1%).The greatest NU of corn of 140.4 kg N ha^(−1)was from soils treated with 100PL while the least amount of NU was from ***,our results showed promising significance for the treatment of highly weathered soils since the application of DB did enhance UA and improve TN and TIN in the soils.

关键词： Goldsboro sandy loam coastal plain corn Urease activity Highly weathered soil Nitrogen Designer biochars Total inorganic nitrogen

POLYMER ScIENcE AND TEcHNOLOGY IN THE PAST AND THE FUTURE:HEROISM,EXPLORATION AND ENLIGHTENMENT

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chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2000年第3期18卷 189-193页

作者： RobertG.gilbert Key centre for Polymer colloids Sydney University Sydney NSW 2006 Australia

The scientific and technical history of polymerization can be divided into three periods, which will be illustratedfor emulsion polymerization. The first period was when emulsion polymers were originally produced, and was developed asan attempt to copy natural rubber latex. Indeed, the natural process is quite different from the synthetic process of emulsionpolymerization, which in fact does not even need an emulsion to be present: the term is a misnomer! The results werefunctional but limited. In the second period, the first theories appeared, and a huge range of products was madefor surface coatings, adhesives, commodity polymers such as SBR, neoprene, etc. The work of the outstanding pioneers wasbased on limited types of experimental data, and some suppositions are now seen to be incorrect. Nevertheless, manyexcellent products were made and have evolved to many materials currently in everyday use. The third period of emulsionpolymerization is now dawning. The scientific efforts of many teams over previous decades, aided by the advent of newphysical techniques for investigation, have resulted in better understanding of the fundamentals of emulsion *** examples from the author's group involve creating novel materials using controlled seeded emulsion polymerizationfrom natural rubber latex and other polyenes. Latex topology and controlled free-radical chemistry can be combined toproduce a) a comb polymer with hydrophobic backbone and hydrophilic 'teeth', or b) with sufficient in situ compatibilizerbetween two otherwise incompatible polymers to yield a spatially uniform material down to the nanostructure level, and c) toproduce controlled nanostructures.

关键词： Polymer rubber Emulsion polymerization Natural rubber DMAEMA Polybutadiene polyisoprene grafting

Experimental organic chemistry : 3rd ed. /

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comparing complications of outpatient management of slipped capital femoral epiphysis and Blount’s disease:A database study

2002年

作者： gilbert John c.

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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world Journal of Orthopedics 2022年第4期13卷 373-380页

作者： Achraf Jardaly Timothy w Torrez Gerald McGwin Shawn R gilbert Department of Orthopaedics Hughston Foundation/Hughston ClinicColumbusGA 31909United States Department of Orthopedics University of AlabamaBirminghamAL 35205United States Department of Epidemiology Center of Clinical and Translational ScienceUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL 35205United States Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL 35233United States

BAcKGROUND currents trends in pediatric orthopaedics has seen an increase in surgeries being successfully completed in an outpatient *** recent examples include slipped capital femoral epiphysis(ScFE)and Blount’s *** indications are well-studied for each pathology,but to our knowledge,there is an absence in literature analyzing safety and efficacy of inpatient vs outpatient management of either *** believed there would be no increase in adverse outcomes associated with outpatient treatment of either *** To investigate whether outpatient surgery for ScFE and Blount’s disease is associated with increased risk of adverse *** The 2015-2017 American college of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Pediatric Registries were used to compare patient characteristics,rates of complications,and readmissions between outpatient and inpatient surgery for ScFE and Blount’s *** Total 1788 ScFE database entries were included,30%were performed in an outpatient *** situ pinning was used in 98.5%of outpatient surgeries and 87.8%of inpatient surgeries(Pcent of total complications than outpatients 2.57%and 1.65%*** Blount’s disease,outpatient surgeries constituted 41.2%of the 189 procedures included in our *** majority of inpatients were treated with a tibial osteotomy,while the majority of outpatients had a physeal arrest(Pcomplications were encountered in 7.4%of patients,with superficial surgical site infections and wound dehiscence being the most common.1.6%of patients had a *** differences in complication and readmission risks were found between inpatients and *** The current trend is shifting towards earlier discharges and performing procedures in an outpatient *** can be safely performed for a large portion of children with ScFE and Blount’s disease without increasing the risk of compl

关键词： Outpatient surgery Early discharge Slipped capital femoral epiphysis Blount’s disease

AN EcO- AND INNO-PRODUcT DESIGN SYSTEM APPLYING INTEGRATED AND INTELLIGENT QFDE AND TRIZ METHODOLOGY

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2011年第4期20卷 443-459页

作者： Amy J.c. TRAPPEY Jerry J.R. OU gilbert Y.P. LIN Meng-Yu cHEN Department of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management National Tsing Hua University Taiwan China Department of Industrial Engineering and Management National Taipei University of Technology Taiwan China Department of Business Administration Southern Taiwan University Taiwan China

The green environmental laws and regulations are legislated, implemented, and enforced in many countries and economic regions. The provision of green products and services are the fast growing trend in global consumer markets. Therefore, introducing new products with environmental considerations becomes critical for global brand manufacturers. This research depicts an integrated and intelligent eco- and inno-product design methodology to support environmental friendly green product development. The methodology adopts approaches, such as life cycle assessment （LcA）, quality function deploymnet for environement （QFDE）, theory of inventive problem solving （TRIZ） and back-propagation network （BPN） to achieve eco- and inno-design objectives. LcA evaluates and compares the environmental impacts of production. QFDE transforms high-level concerns of environment into design requirements. when there are many historical QFDE data, the BPN prediction model is trained and deployed to automate the specifications of green design improvement. TRIZ is to support the creation of innovative product design ideas effectively and efficiently during the concept design stage. Finally, this paper presents two eco-design cases of power adaptor to demonstrate the proposed methodology.