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Family Planning Awareness, Perceptions and Practice among Community Members in the Kintampo Districts of Ghana

Advances in Reproductive Sciences 2015年第1期3卷 1-12页

作者： Obed Ernest A. Nettey Yeetey A. Enuameh Emmanuel Mahama Abubakari Sulemana George Adjei Stephaney Gyaase Samuel Afari-Asiedu Robert Adda Abena Konadu Yawson gifty fosuaa nuamah Edward Apraku Anane Livesy Abokyi Charles Zandoh Martha Abdulai Ellen Abrafi Boamah Kwame Adjei Seeba Amenga-Etego Francis Dzabeng Charlotte Tawiah-Agyeman Frank Baiden Kwaku Poku Asante Seth Owusu-Agyei Kintampo Health Research Centre Kintampo Ghana Drexel University School of Public Health Philadelphia USA

Family planning is known to prevent maternal deaths, but some social norms, limited supplies and inconsistent use makes this difficult to achieve in most low- and middle-income countries. In spite of the high fertility levels in most sub-Saharan African countries and the potential economic benefits of family planning, its patronage remains very low in the sub-region. This study was with the objective of identifying the levels of awareness, utilization, access to and perceptions about family planning and contraception. A cross-sectional study design was used for the study, with data collected from multiple sources using both quantitative and qualitative approaches. Relevant findings included a marked disconnect between family planning/contraceptive knowledge and use. The pills and injectables were the most frequently used, but females in the study population poorly patronised emergency contraception. Supplies of most family planning methods were found to be health facility based, requiring clients to have to necessarily go there for services. Some respondents harboured perceptions that family planning was the responsibility of females alone and that it fuelled promiscuity among female users. Recommendations made include ensuring that health facilities had adequate staff and expertise to provide facility-based family planning services and also to disabuse the minds of community members of the negative perceptions towards family planning.

关键词： Family Planning Contraception Reproductive Health Kintampo Ghana

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Seasonal dynamics of iron and phosphorus in reservoir sediments in Eucalyptus plantation region

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Ecological Processes 2021年第1期10卷 142-156页

作者： Eyram Norgbey Yiping Li Ya Zhu Amechi S.Nwankwegu Robert Bofah-Buah Linda nuamah Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes Ministry of EducationCollege of EnvironmentHohai UniversityNanjing 210098China

Background:Iron(Fe)and phosphorus(P)dynamics in sediments have direct and indirect impacts on water ***,the mobility of P and Fe in reservoir sediments in Eucalyptus plantation region remains *** study examined P and Fe pollution in sediments in a Eucalyptus plantation region using the novel planar optode,the ZrO-Chelex DGT,and the DIFS ***:Direct in situ investigations showed that the levels of labile P and Fe were smaller in the Eucalyptus species-dominated sediments(X2)compared to sediments without Eucalyptus species(X1).The mean concentration of labile P and Fe decreased by 25%and 42%from X1 to *** decrement was insignificant(p=0.20)in the surface sediment concentration for labile *** significant disparity for DGT-Fe(Fe^(2+))(p=0.03)observed in the surface sediments could be attributed to the Eucalyptus species’elevated organic matter(tannins)concentration at X2,which reacted and consumed labile *** both regions,the maximum concentration of labile P and Fe occurred in November(autumn).The reductive decomposition of Fe/Mn oxides was recognized as the main driver for their high P efflux in July and *** concentration of labile P and Fe was observed in December(winter)due to the adsorption of Fe/Mn *** concentration of labile Fe synchronizes uniformly with that of labile P in both sediments indicating the existence of a coupling relationship(r>0.8,p<0.01)in both *** positive diffusion fluxes in both regions suggested that the sediments release labile P and *** fluxes of labile P and Fe in both regions were substantially higher(p<0.05)in the summer(anoxic period)than winter(aerobic period),indicating that hypoxia and redox conditions influenced the seasonal efflux of labile P and *** the DIFS model,the replenishment ability of reactive P was higher during the anoxic period(R=0.7,k_(1)=79.4 day^(-1),k_(-1)=0.2 day^(-1))than the aerobic period(R=0.4,k_(1)=14.2 day^(-1),k_(-1)=0.1 day^(-1)),suggesting

关键词： Water-sediment boundary Diffusive gradient in thin films(DGT) Planar optode Synchronous efflux Diffusive flux Hypoxia

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Weaver Ant, Oecophylla Ionginoda （Latreille）（Hymenoptera： Formicidae） Activity Reduces Fruit Fly Damage in Citrus Orchards

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A) 2012年第4期2卷 449-458页

作者： Isaac Newton Ativor Kwame Afreh-nuamah Maxwell Kelvin Billah Daniel Obeng-Ofori ARPPIS Sub-regional Centre for Western Africa University of Ghana Legon Accra PMB L 59 Ghana Institute of Agricultural Research University of Ghana Legon Accra P.O. Box LG 68 Ghana Department of Animal Biology and Conservation Science University of Ghana Legon Accra P.O. Box LG 67 Ghana Department of Crop Science University of Ghana Legon Accra P.O. Box LG 44 Ghana

Fruit flies are causing extensive socio-economic losses in citrus orchards in Ghana. The flies as quarantine pests have detrimental effects on the export market due to international trade regulations. Oecophylla species have been tested as biological control agents on other crops, and have shown great potential in reducing the effects of pests. The effectiveness of Oecophylla as a biocontrol agent of fruit flies was compared with insecticide, Cypermethrin ＋ Dimethoate （Cydim super~） at Forest and Horticultural Crops Research Centre, Kade, in the Eastern Region of Ghana. The results have shown that trees colonized by Oecophylla had between 6%-10% fly infestation and Cypermethrin ＋ Dimethoate （1614 mg a.i. mL~ tree＂1） recorded 3.0% infestation. Cypermethrin ＋ Dimethoate treatment recorded 3.50 ~ 0.87 dropped fruits, and Oecophylla colonized-trees recorded 15 to 19.20 -4- 3.61. Oecophylla colonized-trees recorded yield values from 12.90 to 15.20 tons ha-~ whilst Cypermethrin ＋ Dimethoate treatment recorded 27.90 tons hat fruit yield. Total number of fly landings in the presence of Oecophylla （72.00） was significantly lower than the absence of Oecophylla （114.20）. Set-up with no Oecophylla recorded the highest infestation index （71.17） while the presence recorded 45.83. These results suggest that Oecophylla longinoda can be used as a biocontrol agent for IPM programs in citrus orchards.

关键词： Oecophylla longinoda biological control fruit flies Ceratitis ditissima citrus Ghana.

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Preliminary Study into the Occurrence and Diversity of Arboreal Ants in Three Differently Aged Oil Palm Fields at Kusi

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A) 2012年第6期2卷 765-775页

作者： Selorm Ofori Stephen Owusu-Appiah Samuel Bawa George Yawson Kwame Afreh-nuamah African Regional Post Graduate Program in Insect Science (ARPPIS) University of Ghana Legon PMB L59 Ghana Department of Entomology Oil Palm Research Institute (CSIR) Kade P.O. Box 74 Ghana Department of Crop Science University of Ghana Agricultural Research Centre Kade P.O. Box LG 68 Ghana

The seasonality and relative abundance of arboreal ant species were studied in the oil palm plantations of CSIR-OPRI at Kusi in order to identify the different arboreal ant species in the oil palm canopy and their possible interaction with other fauna and flora. Chemical knockdown and field observation and were used in the data collection. Chemical knockdown study was used to collect data on the relative abundance of the ants with application of a synthetic pyrethroid. Field observation was used to study the nesting behaviour, types of nests and where they were built as well as the interaction between the ant species. The fields which were of ages of 8, 11 and 14 years were one hectare containing 143 palms. Chemical knockdown and ant colony studies revealed higher abundance of arboreal ant species on the I 1 years followed by the 8 years and 14 years fields in that order. Oecophylla longinoda was abundant on the I 1-and 14-year-old fields while Crematogaster sp. was the most abundant species on the 8-year old fields. Relatively high numbers of the ant species were encountered in the dry months of study. Positive interaction indicated coexistence between O. longinoda and Crematogaster sp. Interaction between Crematogaster sp. and Tetramorium sp. was antagonistic. Similarly, O. longinoda and Tetramorium sp. were antagonistic to each other. The high abundance and diversity hold promise for the potential use of these ant species as biocontrol agents in an integrated pest management system for the management of the oil palm leaf miner.

关键词： Seasonality arboreal relative abundance chemical knockdown.

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