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How neonatal diet affects the long-term development of rumination behavior,rumen fermentation and feed digestion in dairy calves fed a high milk level?

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 326-337页

作者： Jianxin Xiao Tianyu Chen Rong Peng gibson M.alugongo Hui Yang Shuai Liu Yulin Ma Jingjun Wang Shengli Li Zhijun Cao State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding International Calf and Heifer OrganizationCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Culture and Safety Production in Cattle in Sichuan Animal Nutrition InstituteSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu 611130China

This study was to investigate growth performance,rumination development,rumen fermentation and feed digestion in young calves provided high volumes(about 20%of calf birth weight)of milk with or without forage inclusion and how these parameters correlate with each *** after birth,160 newborn Holstein female calves(41.6±4.2 kg of initial BW)were randomly divided into 2 treatments:1)starter(CON,only starter)and 2)starter and hay(HAY,both starter and hay).The calves were fed their respective experimental diets from d 4 to 84,after which they were all introduced to similar diets until the end of the experiment on d *** had no effect on growth and structural measurements throughout the experimental ***,treatment had an effect on the other parameters,mainly during the post-weaning *** supplementation tended to reduce starter dry matter intake(P=0.05),while increasing the forage intake(P<0.01)and the feed-to-gain ratio(P<0.01).HAY calves had increased neutral detergent fiber(NDF)and physically effective NDF(peNDF)intakes(P<0.05)and tended to lower(P<0.01)starch intake compared to CON *** HAY calves had a higher rumination time(P<0.01),ruminal pH(P<0.01),and acetate-to-propionate ratio(P=0.05)compared to the CON *** correlation analysis showed that rumination time was positively related to the ruminal p H at d 84(P=0.01)and 196(P=0.02).The HAY calves had similar apparent total-tract digestibility of dry matter(DM),NDF and ether extract(EE),but lower digestibility of organic matter(OM,P=0.03),crude protein(CP,P<0.01)and starch(P<0.01)compared to those of the CON calves at week ***,there were no positive relationships between rumination time and nutrient digestibility or between rumination time per kilogram DM and nutrient *** conclusion,feeding hay to calves fed a high milk level improved rumination during the post-weaning period only,without a concomitant effect on growth performance thro

关键词： Neonatal calf Early forage feeding Rumination Rumen fermentation Nutrient digestibility

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Review： Utilization of yeast of Saccharomyces cerevisiae origin in artificially raised calves

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2017年第3期8卷 549-560页

作者： gibson M.alugongo Jianxin Xiao Zhaohai Wu Shengli Li Yajing Wang Zhijun Cao State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences China Agricultural University Beijing People's Republic of China

Yeast of Saccharomyces cerevisiae（SCY） origin has over long time been incorporated into domestic animal diets. In calves, several products have offered improved performance and health. Although several types of research have been completed, the mode of action of SCY is not clear in calves. Under this review, we have highlighted the works available in the literature on the use of SCY in calves performance, health, immunity, and the gut environment. Both active live yeast and yeast culture have positive effects on growth, rumen, small intestines, immunity and general health of the calf. Specifically, SCY can improve DMI, growth, feed efficiency and reduce diarrhea in calves. Furthermore, subtle improvements are seen in rumen fermentation（increased butyrate production） and rumen papillae growth. These positive results are, however, more pronounced in calves that are under stress or exposed to significant levels of disease-causing agents. There is a need for further research in areas such as gut morphology, gut microbiology and immunity using latest molecular methods to fully understand how SCY helps the growth and development of calves.

关键词： Active live yeast Calves Health Yeast culture

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Comparison of rumen bacteria distribution in original rumen digesta, rumen liquid and solid fractions in lactating Holstein cows

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2017年第3期8卷 636-642页

作者： Shoukun Ji Hongtao Zhang Hui Yan Arash Azarfar Haitao Shi gibson alugongo Shengli Li Zhijun Cao Yajing Wang State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety ControlChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Faculty of Agriculture Lorestan UniversityPO Box 465KhorramabadIran

Background： Original rumen digesta, rumen liquid and solid fractions have been frequently used to assess the rumen bacterial community. However, bacterial profiles in rumen original digesta, liquid and solid fractions vary from each other and need to be better ***： To compare bacterial profiles in each fraction, samples of rumen digesta from six cows fed either a high fiber diet（HFD） or a high energy diet（HED） were collected via rumen fistulas. Rumen digesta was then squeezed through four layers of cheesecloth to separate liquid and solid fractions. The bacterial profiles of rumen original digesta, liquid and solid fractions were analyzed with High-throughput sequencing ***： Rumen bacterial diversity was mainly affected by diet and individual cow（P 〉 0.05） rather than rumen fraction. Bias distributed bacteria were observed in solid and liquid fractions of rumen content using Venn diagram and LEf Se analysis. Fifteen out of 16 detected biomarkers（using LEf Se analysis） were found in liquid fraction, and these 15 biomarkers contributed the most to the bacterial differences among rumen content ***： Similar results were found when using samples of original rumen digesta, rumen liquid or solid fractions to assess diversity of rumen bacteria; however, more attention should be draw onto bias distributed bacteria in different ruminal fractions, especially when liquid fraction has been used as a representative sample for rumen bacterial study.

关键词： Bacteria biomarker Rumen bacteria diversity Rumen content fraction

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Tributyrin administration improves intestinal development and health in pre-weaned dairy calves fed milk replacer

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Animal Nutrition 2022年第3期10卷 399-411页

作者： Shuai Liu Junda Wu Zhaohai Wu gibson Maswayi alugongo Muhammad Zahoor Khan Jinghui Li Jianxin Xiao Zhiyuan He Yulin Ma Shengli Li Zhijun Cao State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Guizhou Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuizhou 550005China State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Institute of Animal ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100193China Department of Animal Science University of CaliforniaDavisCA 95616USA Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences University of AgricultureDera Ismail Khan29220Pakistan

Butyrate and its derivatives possess various nutritional and biological benefits for mammals,whereas its effects on dairy calves have not been well *** study evaluated the effects of tributyrin administration on blood immune,intestinal immune and barrier functions,and microbial composition of pre-weaned dairy *** newborn Holstein bull calves were randomly assigned into a control group(no tributyrin supplementation,CON;n=10)or a treatment group(supplemented with tributyrin at 2 g/L of milk,TRB;n=10).The results showed that diarrhea frequency was decreased significantly by tributyrin administration from d 29 to 56(P3.5,P<0.05),which was negatively associated with inflammatory gene expression(TLR2 and IL-1b)but positively associ

关键词： Dairy calves Tributyrin Gut microbiota Inflammation Barrier function

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The age at first consumption of forage in calves and its effect on growth and rumination in the short‑and long‑term

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畜牧与生物技术杂志:英文版 2023年第5期14卷 2143-2157页

作者： Jianxin Xiao Tianyu Chen Rong Peng gibson Maswayi alugongo Hui Yang Muhammad Zahoor Khan Shuai Liu Yulin Ma Jingjun Wang Wei Wang Yajing Wang Shengli Li Zhijun Cao Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Culture and Safety Production in Cattle in Sichuan Animal Nutrition InstituteSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu 611130People’s Republic of China State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition International Calf and Heifer OrganizationCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193People’s Republic of China

Background Previous investigations into the effect of dietary forage on calf performance have been inconsistent,and there is a paucity of information exploring the effect of age on the growth performance and rumination of ***-four female Holstein calves(41.5±4.2 kg)were enrolled at birth,a subset of the calves were fed calf starter only(CON,n=21)while the rest(n=63)were classified into three treatment groups:the early(EHAY,n=26,5.1±0.8 d),the middle(MHAY,n=21,7.9±0.8 d)and the late(LHAY,n=16,12.1±1.4 d)hay *** short-term effect of the age at first forage consump-tion(AFF)on calves’feed intake was monitored until d *** addition,the long-term effects of AFF on body weight,structural growth and rumination behavior were recorded until d *** samples were collected on d 1,7,35,84 and 196 to ana-lyze the rumen fermentation,while fecal samples were collected from d 78 to 84 to estimate digestibility *** Treatment had no effect on feed ***,the EHAY calves tended to have lower BW and ADG compared to LHAY and CON *** total-tract apparent digestibility parameters and digestible nutrients intake were significantly lower in EHAY calves compared with CON and LHAY *** in the EHAY group tended to begin ruminating ealier,while CON calves were the latest(12.3 vs.15.5 days of age).A treatment and time interaction was present for rumination time due to greater rumination in calves consuming hay compared to CON calves in week 10 to 12,the differences in rumination disappeared afterwards,no long-lasting significant differences in the rumina-tion and rumen fermentation parameters were found between *** In conclusion,this study showed that hay consumption earlier in life(in the first week,around 5 days of life)could negatively affect the growth of the calf in the short and long *** to consuming hay from the second week(around 12 days of life)or feeding concentrate only without hay,starting

关键词： Age at first forage consumption Dairy calf Growth Nutrient digestibility Rumen fermentation Rumination

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哺乳犊牛主要营养需要研究现状与进展

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中国奶牛 2022年第7期 53-63页

作者：陈天宇肖鉴鑫刘帅 gibson Maswayi alugongo 徐一洺曹志军中国农业大学动物科学技术学院动物营养学国家重点实验室北京100193

了解哺乳犊牛的营养需要,是牧场对哺乳犊牛进行精细化饲养,节本增效的关键。本文对比分析了国内外有关哺乳犊牛蛋白质、能量、维生素和矿物质元素的需要量研究,并对第八版奶牛营养需要相关部分进行了详细阐述。结果发现,在犊牛哺乳期,... 详细信息

了解哺乳犊牛的营养需要,是牧场对哺乳犊牛进行精细化饲养,节本增效的关键。本文对比分析了国内外有关哺乳犊牛蛋白质、能量、维生素和矿物质元素的需要量研究,并对第八版奶牛营养需要相关部分进行了详细阐述。结果发现,在犊牛哺乳期,相比于日粮能量水平,许多研究重点关注日粮蛋白水平,哺乳期代乳粉蛋白适宜水平集中在21%~27%,开食料适宜蛋白水平集中在18%~24%,我国规模化牧场开食料蛋白水平平均值为21.4%。另一方面,相关研究对于哺乳犊牛维生素的需要量进行了更新,增加了哺乳犊牛维生素E和D的需要量以保障犊牛健康发育,维生素A、D、E每日需要量分别应为6600IU、2100IU、125IU。同时哺乳期矿物质元素的需要量公式进一步更新,以精确满足犊牛的需要并防止过量供给。

关键词：哺乳犊牛蛋白需要能量需要维生素矿物质

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