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Effect of mixing structure on the hygroscopic behavior of ultrafine ammonium sulfate particles mixed with succinic acid and levoglucosan

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Particuology 2014年第2期12卷 27-34页

作者： Shila Maskey Ka Yan Chong gibaek kim Jae-Seok kim Arshad Ali Kihong Park National Leading Research Laboratory School of Environmental Science and EngineeringGwangju Institute of Science and Technology(GIST)

Understanding the interactions between water and atmospheric aerosols is critical for estimating their impact on the radiation budget and cloud formation. The hygroscopic behavior of ultrafine （〈100nm） ammonium sulfate particles internally mixed with either succinic acid （slightly soluble） or levoglucosan （soluble） in different mixing structures （core-shell vs. well-mixed} were measured using a hygroscopicity tandem differential mobility analyzer （HTDMA）. During the hydration process （6-92% relative humidity （RH））, the size of core-shell particles （ammonium sulfate and succinic acid） remained unchanged until a slow increase in particle size occurred at 79Y~ RH; however, an abrupt increase in size （i.e., a clear deliquescence） was observed at ~72% RH for well-mixed particles with a similar volume fraction to the core-shell particles （80：20 by volume）. This increase might occur because the shell hindered the complete dissolution of the core-shell particles below 92% RH. The onset RH value was lower for the ammonium sulfate/levoglucosan core-shell particles than the ammonium sulfate/succinic acid core-shell particles due to levoglucosan＇s higher solubility relative to succinic acid. The growth factor （GF） of the core-shell particles was lower than that of the well-mixed particles, while the GF of the ammonium sulfate/levoglucosan particles was higher than that of ammonium sulfate/succinic acid particles with the same volume fractions. As the volume fraction of the organic species increased, the GF decreased. The data suggest that the mixing structure is also important when determining hygroscopic behavior of the mixed particles.

关键词： Ultrafine particles Hygroscopicity Mixing structure Core-shell

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High‑Defect‑Density Graphite for Superior‑Performance Aluminum‑Ion Batteries with Ultra‑Fast Charging and Stable Long Life

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Nano-Micro Letters 2021年第11期13卷 168-189页

作者： Jisu kim Michael Ruby Raj gibaek Lee Advanced Energy Materials Design Lab School of Chemical EngineeringYeungnam UniversityGyeongsan 38541Republic of Korea

Rechargeable aluminum-ion batteries(AIBs)are a new generation of low-cost and large-scale electrical energy storage ***,AIBs suffer from a lack of reliable cathode materials with insufficient intercalation sites,poor ion-conducting channels,and poor diffusion dynamics of large chloroaluminate anions(AlCl4−and Al2Cl7−).To address these issues,surfacemodified graphitic carbon materials[i.e.,acidtreated expanded graphite(AEG)and base-etched graphite(BEG)]are developed as novel cathode materials for ultra-fast chargeable *** has more turbostratically ordered structure covered with abundant micro-to nano-sized pores on the surface structure and expanded interlayer distance(d002=0.3371 nm)realized by surface treatment of pristine graphite with acidic media,which can be accelerated the diffusion dynamics and efficient AlCl4−ions(de)-intercalation *** AIB system employing AEG exhibits a specific capacity of 88.6 mAh g^(−1)(4 A g^(−1))and~80 mAh g^(−1) at an ultra-high current rate of 10 A g^(−1)(~99.1%over 10,000 cycles).BEG treated with KOH solution possesses the turbostratically disordered structure with high density of defective sites and largely expanded d-spacing(d002=0.3384 nm)for attracting and uptaking more AlCl4−ions with relatively shorter penetration ***,the AIB system based on the BEG cathode delivers a high specific capacity of 110 mAh g^(−1)(4 A g^(−1))and~91 mAh g^(−1)(~99.9%over 10,000 cycles at 10 A g^(−1)).Moreover,the BEG cell has high energy and power densities of 247 Wh kg^(−1) and 44.5 kW kg^(−1).This performance is one of the best among the AIB graphitic carbon materials reported for chloroaluminate anions storage *** finding provides great significance for the further development of rechargeable AIBs with high energy,high power density,and exceptionally long life.

关键词： Surface modification Etched graphite Cathode materials Energy storage Aluminum-ion batteries

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