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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第4期16卷 635-637页

作者： Francesca Grassivaro gianvito martino Cinthia Farina Institute of Experimental Neurology Division of NeuroscienceSan Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly Vita-Salute San Raffaele University MilanItaly

Microglia,the tissue resident macrophages of the brain,are increasingly recognized as key players for central nervous system development and homeostasis.They are long-lived cells deriving from a transient wave of yolk-sac derived erythro-myeloid progenitors early in development.Their unique ontology has prompted the search for specific markers to be used for their selective investigation and manipulation.The first generation of genomewide expression studies has provided a bundle of transcripts(such as Olfml3,Fcrls,Tmem119,P2ry12,Gpr34,and Siglech)useful to distinguish microglia from peripheral macrophages.However,more recent reports have revealed that microglial phenotype is constantly shaped by the microenvironment in a time-,and context-dependent manner.In this article,we review data that provide additional pieces to this complex scenario and show the existence of unexpected phenotypic convergence between microglia and peripheral macrophages at certain developmental stages and under pathological conditions.These observations suggest that the two cell types act synergically boosting their mutual activities depending on the microenvironment.This novel information about the biology of microglia and peripheral macrophages sheds new light about their therapeutic potential for neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases.

关键词： cell reprogramming cell therapy macrophages microglia neuroinflammation plasticity

Genome-wide investigation to assess copy number variants in the Italian local chicken population

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第2期15卷 563-577页

作者： Filippo Cendron martino Cassandro Mauro Penasa Department of Agronomy FoodNatural ResourcesAnimals and Environment(DAFNAE)University of PadovaViale Dell’Universita 1635020 LegnaroPDItaly Federazione Delle Associazioni Nazionali Di Razza E Specie Via XXIV Maggio 4300187 RomeItaly

Background Copy number variants(CNV)hold significant functional and evolutionary importance.Numerous ongoing CNV studies aim to elucidate the etiology of human diseases and gain insights into the population structure of livestock.High-density chips have enabled the detection of CNV with increased resolution,leading to the identification of even small CNV.This study aimed to identify CNV in local Italian chicken breeds and investigate their distribution across the genome.Results Copy number variants were mainly distributed across the first six chromosomes and primarily associated with loss type CNV.The majority of CNV in the investigated breeds were of types 0 and 1,and the minimum length of CNV was significantly larger than that reported in previous studies.Interestingly,a high proportion of the length of chromosome 16 was covered by copy number variation regions(CNVR),with the major histocompatibility complex being the likely cause.Among the genes identified within CNVR,only those present in at least five animals across breeds(n=95)were discussed to reduce the focus on redundant CNV.Some of these genes have been associated to functional traits in chickens.Notably,several CNVR on different chromosomes harbor genes related to muscle development,tissue-specific biological processes,heat stress resistance,and immune response.Quantitative trait loci(QTL)were also analyzed to investigate potential overlapping with the identified CNVR:54 out of the 95 gene-containing regions overlapped with 428 QTL associated to body weight and size,carcass characteristics,egg production,egg components,fat deposition,and feed intake.Conclusions The genomic phenomena reported in this study that can cause changes in the distribution of CNV within the genome over time and the comparison of these differences in CNVR of the local chicken breeds could help in preserving these genetic resources.

关键词： Chicken Copy number variant Conservation Local breed SNP

Lower limb suspension induces threshold-specific alterations of motor units properties that are reversed by active recovery

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第2期13卷 264-276页

作者： Giacomo Valli Fabio Sarto Andrea Casolo Alessandro Del Vecchio martino V.Franchi Marco V.Narici Giuseppe De Vito Department of Biomedical Sciences University of PadovaPadova 35131Italy Department Artificial Intelligence in Biomedical Engineering Friedrich-Alexander UniversityErlangen-Nurnberg 91052Germany

Purpose:This study aimed to non-invasively test the hypothesis that(a) short-term lower limb unloading would induce changes in the neural control of force production(based on motor units(MUs) properties) in the vastus lateralis muscle and(b) possible changes are reversed by active recovery(AR).Methods:Ten young males underwent 10 days of unilateral lower limb suspension(ULLS) followed by 21 days of AR.During ULLS,participants walked exclusively on crutches with the dominant leg suspended in a slightly flexed position(15°-20°) and with the contralateral foot raised by an elevated shoe.The AR was based on resistance exercise(leg press and leg extension) and executed at 70% of each participant’s 1repetition maximum,3 times/week.Maximal voluntary isometric contraction(MVC) of knee extensors and MUs properties of the vastus lateralis muscle were measured at baseline,after ULLS,and after AR.MUs were identified using high-density electromyography during trapezoidal isometric contractions at 10%,25%,and 50% of the current MVC,and individual MUs were tracked across the 3 data collection points.Results:We identified 1428 unique MUs,and 270 of them(18.9%) were accurately tracked.After ULLS,MVC decreased by 29.77%,MUs absolute recruitment/derecruitment thresholds were reduced at all contraction intensities(with changes between the 2 variables strongly correlated),while discharge rate was reduced at 10% and 25% but not at 50% MVC.Impaired MVC and MUs properties fully recovered to baseline levels after AR.Similar changes were observed in the pool of total as well as tracked MUs.Conclusion:Our novel results demonstrate,non-invasively,that 10 days of ULLS affected neural control predominantly by altering the discharge rate of lower-threshold but not of higher-threshold MUs,suggesting a preferential impact of disuse on motoneurons with a lower depolarization threshold.However,after 21 days of AR,the impaired MUs properties were fully restored to baseline levels,highlighting the plasticity of the components involved in neural cont

关键词： Disuse High-density EMG Muscle disuse Neural impairment Neuromuscular degeneration

Liver transplantation as an alternative for the treatment of perihilar cholangiocarcinoma: A critical review

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2024年第2期23卷 139-145页

作者： Wellington Andraus Francisco Tustumi Alexandre Chagas Santana Rafael Soares Nunes Pinheiro Daniel Reis Waisberg Liliana Ducatti Lopes Rubens Macedo Arantes Vinicius Rocha Santos Rodrigo Bronze de martino Luiz Augusto Carneiro D’Albuquerque Department of Gastroenterology Transplantation UnitUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloBrazil

Background:Perihilar cholangiocarcinoma(phCCC)is a dismal malignancy.There is no consensus regard-ing the best treatment for patients with unresectable phCCC.The present review aimed to gather the current pieces of evidence for liver transplantation and liver resection as a treatment for phCCC and to build better guidance for clinical practice.Data sources:The search was conducted in PubMed,Embase,Cochrane,and LILACS.The related references were searched manually.Inclusion criteria were:reports in English or Portuguese literature that a)patients with confirmed diagnosis of phCCC;b)patients treated with a curative intent;c)patients with the outcomes of liver resection and liver transplantation.Case reports,reviews,letters,editorials,conference abstracts and papers with full-text unavailability were excluded from the analysis.Results:Most of the current literature is based on observational retrospective studies with low grades of evidence.Liver resection has better long-term outcomes than systemic chemotherapy or palliation ther-apy and liver transplantation is a good alternative for selected patients with unresectable phCCC.All candidates for resection or transplantation should be medically fit and free of intrahepatic or extrahep-atic diseases.As a general rule,patients presenting with a tumor having a longitudinal size>3 cm or extending below the cystic duct,lymph node disease,confirmed extrahepatic dissemination;intraoper-atively diagnosed metastatic disease;a history of other malignancies within the last five years,and did not complete chemoradiation regimen and were medically unfit should not be considered for transplan-tation.Some of these criteria should be individually assessed.Liver transplantation or resection should only be considered in highly experienced hepatobiliary centers,and any decision-making must be based on a multidisciplinary evaluation.Conclusions:phCCC is a complex condition with high morbidity.Surgical therapies,including hepatec-tomy and liver transplantation,are the best option for bette

关键词： Liver transplantation Cholangiocarcinoma Liver neoplasms

Precise photoelectrochemical tuning of semiconductor microdisk lasers

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Advanced Photonics 2023年第5期5卷 68-76页

作者： Debarghya Sarkar Paul HDannenberg Nicola martino Kwon-Hyeon Kim Yue Wu Seok-Hyun Yun Harvard Medical School BostonMassachusettsUnited States Massachusetts General Hospital Wellman Center for PhotomedicineBostonMassachusettsUnited States Massachusetts Institute of Technology Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and TechnologyCambridgeMassachusettsUnited States

Micro-and nanodisk lasers have emerged as promising optical sources and probes for on-chip and free-space applications.However,the randomness in disk diameter introduced by standard nanofabrication makes it challenging to obtain deterministic wavelengths.To address this,we developed a photoelectrochemical(PEC)etching-based technique that enables us to precisely tune the lasing wavelength with subnanometer accuracy.We examined the PEC mechanism and compound semiconductor etching rate in diluted sulfuric acid solution.Using this technique,we produced microlasers on a chip and isolated particles with distinct lasing wavelengths.These precisely tuned disk lasers were then used to tag cells in culture.Our results demonstrate that this scalable technique can be used to produce groups of lasers with precise emission wavelengths for various nanophotonic and biomedical applications.

关键词： microdisk lasers semiconductor precision lasing photoelectrochemical etching laser particle nanophotonics

Long-term experience with debulking surgery in extensive hepatic alveolar echinococcosis:A case series and literature review

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2022年第10期15卷 468-473页

作者： Mohsen Aliakbarian Marcello Di martino Sara Saeidi Department of General Surgery Surgical Oncology Research CenterMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran Division of Hepatobiliary and Liver Transplantation Surgery.A.O.R.N.Cardarelli NapoliItaly

Objective:To assess the role of debulking surgery in extensive hepatic alveolar echinococcosis(HAE).Methods:Five cases of extensive HAE undergoing debulking surgery with their long-term follow-ups were reported.Additionally,a systematic review was carried out.Results:The average age of patients in the study was(50.8±17.1)years(range 36 to 77 years).Three cases were female.The median follow-up period was 61 months(range 12 to 84 months).Left liver resections were performed in 2 cases and right hemihepatectomies were undertaken in 2 cases.Two patients(cases 2 and 4)developed early surgical complications,while one of them(case 4)who suffered from the recurrent sub-hepatic abscess died at 12 months postoperatively.Conclusions:This study highlights the importance of debulking surgery for the management of complex symptomatic HAE lesions in patients with no curative option available.

关键词： Alveolar echinococcosis Debulking surgery Reduction Palliative Echinoccocosis multilocularis Case series

Is Autonomic Nervous System Involved in the Epileptogenesis in Preterm Neonates?

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Maternal-Fetal Medicine 2023年第3期5卷 173-181页

作者： Raffaele Falsaperla Giovanna Vialiti Janette Mailo Giovanni Corsello martino Ruggieri Neonatal Intensive Care Unit San Marco HospitalUniversity Hospital Policlinico-“G.Rodolico-San Marco”Via Azeglio CiampiCatania 95100Italy Unit of Pediatrics and Pediatric Emergency University Hospital Policlinico-“G.Rodolico-San Marco”Via Azeglio CiampiCatania 95100Italy Division of Pediatric Neurology University of AlbertaStollery Children’s Hospital8440-112 St NWEdmontonAlbertaCanada Department of Maternal and Child Health University of PalermoVia del Vespro 129Palermo 90127Italy Unit of Rare Diseases of the Nervous System in Childhood Department of Clinical and Experimental MedicineSection of Pediatrics and Child NeuropsychiatryUniversity of CataniaCatania 95124Italy

Autonomic nervous system dysfunction has been described with focal and generalized epileptic seizures;occurring during their ictal,interictal,or postictal states.International League Against Epilepsy Seizure Classification Manual defines autonomic seizures as a distinct alteration of autonomic nervous system function involving cardiovascular,pupillary,gastrointestinal,sudomotor,vasomotor,and thermoregulatory functions.Autonomic seizures represent a great challenge for neonatologists and neurophysiologists;and distinguishing between ictal and non-ictal autonomic changes in neonates is rarely straightforward,especially in the premature ones.To avoid overdiagnosis and overtreatment,International League Against Epilepsy and the American Clinical Neurophysiology Society currently require electrographic correlation for any seizure diagnosis,including preterm neonates.There is very little scientific evidence about the pathophysiology of autonomic seizures.The data reporting on their incidence,clinical features,and diagnostic pathway is also insufficient.In this paper,we hypothesize that in the developing brain of preterm neonates,seizures involving deeper autonomic networks and subcortical structures might not propagate sufficiently to the cortex,and therefore the association of the seizures with specific ictal electrographic changes on surface electroencephalogram might be lacking.We propose considering autonomic seizures in the differential diagnosis of unexplained autonomic changes in neonates,especially preterm neonates,even in the absence of clear initial electrographic correlation.Unexplained autonomic changes could therefore be thought of as a“seizure alarm”in this population.

关键词： Premature Apnea Autonomic seizures Brain Neonatal epilepsy Neonates

Biceps femoris long head sarcomere and fascicle length adaptations after 3 weeks of eccentric exercise training

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2022年第1期11卷 43-49页

作者： Patricio A.Pincheira Melissa A.Boswell martino V.Franchi Scott L.Delp Glen A.Lichtwark School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD 4072Australia Department of Bioengineering and Mechanical Engineering Stanford UniversityStanfordCA 94305USA Department of Biomedical Sciences University of PadovaPadova 35122Italy

Background:Eccentric exercise increases muscle fascicle lengths;however,the mechanisms behind this adaptation are still unknown.This study aimed to determine whether biceps femoris long head(BFlh)fascicle length increases in response to 3 weeks of eccentric exercise training are the result of an in-series addition of sarcomeres within the muscle fibers.Methods:Ten recreationally active participants(age=27±3 years;mass=70±14 kg;height=174±9 cm;mean±SD)completed 3 weeks of Nordic hamstring exercise(NHE)training on a custom exercise device that was instrumented with load cells.We collected in vivo sarcomere and muscle fascicle images of the BFlh in 2 regions(central and distal)by using microendoscopy and 3 dimension ultrasonography.We then estimated sarcomere length,sarcomere number,and fascicle length before and after the training intervention.Results:Eccentric knee flexion strength increased after the training(15%;p<0.001;η_(p)^(2)=0.75).Further,we found a significant increase in fascicle length(21%;p<0.001;η_(p)^(2)=0.81)and sarcomere length(17%;p<0.001;ηp2=0.90)in the distal but not in the central portion of the muscle.The estimated number of sarcomeres in series did not change in either region.Conclusion:Fascicle length adaptations appear to be heterogeneous in the BFlh in response to 3 weeks of NHE training.An increase in sarcomere length,rather than the addition of sarcomeres in series,appears to underlie increases in fascicle length in the distal region of the BFlh.The mechanism driving regional increases in fascicle and sarcomere length remains unknown,but we speculate that it may be driven by regional changes in the pas sive tension of muscle or connective tis sue adaptations.

关键词： Hamstrings Nordic hamstring exercise Sarcomerogenesis

Supnorm estimates for ■ on product domains in C

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2023年

作者： martino FASSINA Yifei Pan Department of Mathematical Sciences Purdue University Fort Wayne Department of Mathematics University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

Using methods from complex analysis in one variable, we define an integral operator that solves ■ with supnorm estimates on product domains in Cn.

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The Plasticity of γδ T Cells:Innate Immunity,Antigen Presentation and New Immunotherapy

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2008年第3期5卷 161-170页

作者： Rita Casetti Angelo martino Unit of Cellular Immunology "Fabrizio Poccia" National Institute for Infectious Diseases-IRCCS Lazzaro Spallanzani Via Portuense 29200149 Rome Italy

Several signals influence dendritic cell （DC） functions and consequent the immune responses to infectious pathogens. Our recent findings provide a new model of intervention on DCs implicating human γδ T cell stimuli. Vγ/9Vδ2 T cells represent the major subset of circulating human γδ T cells and can be activated by non-peptidic molecules derived from different microorganisms or abnormal metabolic routes. With activated-Vγ/9Vδ2 T cell co-culture, immature DCs acquire features of mature DCs, such as increasing the migratory activity, up-regulating the chemokine receptors, and triggering the Thl immune response. Similar to the NK-derived signals, DC activation is mediated by soluble factors as well as cell-to-cell contact. Many non-peptidic molecules including nitrogen- containing bisphosphonates and pyrophosphomonoester drugs, can stimulate the activity of Vγ/9Vδ2 T cells in vitro and in vivo. The relatively low in vivo toxicity of many of these drugs makes possible novel vaccine and immune-based strategies against infectious diseases.

关键词： T cell dendritic cell innate immunity immunotherapy