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What is a tree in the Mediterranean Basin hotspot?A critical analysis

Forest Ecosystems 2019年第2期6卷 159-177页

作者： Frédéric Médail Anne-Christine Monnet Daniel Pavon Toni Nikolic Panayotis Dimopoulos Gianluigi Bacchetta Juan Arroyo Zoltán Barina Marwan Cheikh Albassatneh gianniantonio domina Bruno Fady Vlado Matevski Stephen Mifsud Agathe Leriche Aix Marseille Univ Avignon UnivCNRSIRDIMBE.Technopole de l’Arbois-Méditerranéecedex 4BP 8013 545 Aix-en-ProvenceFrance Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts Krste Misirkov 21000 SkopjeRepublic of Macedonia EcoGozo Regional Development Directorate-Ministry for GozoFlat 6Sunset Court BTriq MarsalfornXaghraGozoMalta Faculty of Science University of ZagrebHorvatovac 102aHR-10000 ZagrebCroatia Department of Biology Division of Plant BiologyLaboratory of BotanyUniversity of PatrasUniversity Campus26504 RioGreece Centro Conservazione Biodiversità Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’AmbienteUniversitàdegli Studi di CagliariViale S.Ignazio da Laconi1309123 CagliariItaly Departamento de Biologia Vegetal y Ecologia Universidad de SevillaApartado 109541080 SevillaSpain Department of Botany Hungarian Natural History MuseumPf.137Budapest 1431Hungary Sorbonne University IEES Bat 44-34cc 237.4Place JussieuParisFrance Department of Agriculture Food and Forest SciencesUniversity of PalermoViale delle Scienze bldg.490128 PalermoItaly INRA UR629Ecologie des forêts méditerranéennesAvignonFrance

Background: Tree species represent 20% of the vascular plant species worldwide and they play a crucial role in the global functioning of the biosphere. The Mediterranean Basin is one of the 36 world biodiversity hotspots, and it is estimated that forests covered 82% of the landscape before the first human impacts, thousands of years ago. However, the spatial distribution of the Mediterranean biodiversity is still imperfectly known, and a focus on tree species constitutes a key issue for understanding forest functioning and develop conservation strategies. Methods: We provide the first comprehensive checklist of all native tree taxa (species and subspecies) present in the Mediterranean-European region (from Portugal to Cyprus). We identified some cases of woody species difficult to categorize as trees that we further called "cryptic trees". We collected the occurrences of tree taxa by"administrative regions", i.e. country or large island, and by biogeographical provinces. We studied the species-area relationship, and evaluated the conservation issues for threatened taxa following IUCN criteria. Results: We identified 245 tree taxa that included 210 species and 35 subspecies, belonging to 33 families and 64 genera. It included 46 endemic tree taxa (30 species and 16 subspecies), mainly distributed within a single biogeographical unit. The countries with the highest tree richness are Greece (146 taxa), Italy (133), Albania (122), Spain (155), Macedonia (116), and Croatia (110). The species-area relationship clearly discriminated the richest central-eastern (Balkans) and northern (Alpine and Cevenno-Pyrenean) biogeographical provinces, against the five western provinces in the Iberian Peninsula. We identified 44 unrecognized "cryptic trees", representing 21% of the total trees. Among the 245 taxa identified, 19 are considered to be threatened (15 CR+EN+VU) or near threatened (4 NT) by IUCN. Conclusions: The Mediterranean-European region includes an unsuspectedly high nu

关键词： Plant biogeography Mediterranean region Threatened trees Tree definition Tree distributions

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