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Phase imaging with an untrained neural network

Light(Science & Applications) 2020年第1期9卷 1258-1264页

作者： Fei Wang Yaoming Bian Haichao Wang Meng Lyu giancarlo Pedrini Wolfgang Osten George Barbastathis Guohai Situ Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences201800 ShanghaiChina Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences100049 BeijingChina Institut für Technische Optik Universität StuttgartPfaffenwaldring 970569 StuttgartGermany Department of Mechanical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA 02139-4301USA Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study University of Chinese Academy of Sciences310024 HangzhouChina

Most of the neural networks proposed so far for computational imaging(CI)in optics employ a supervised training strategy,and thus need a large training set to optimize their weights and *** aside the requirements of environmental and system stability during many hours of data acquisition,in many practical applications,it is unlikely to be possible to obtain sufficient numbers of ground-truth images for ***,we propose to overcome this limitation by incorporating into a conventional deep neural network a complete physical model that represents the process of image *** most significant advantage of the resulting physics-enhanced deep neural network(PhysenNet)is that it can be used without training beforehand,thus eliminating the need for tens of thousands of labeled *** take single-beam phase imaging as an example for *** experimentally show that one needs only to feed PhysenNet a single diffraction pattern of a phase object,and it can automatically optimize the network and eventually produce the object phase through the interplay between the neural network and the physical *** opens up a new paradigm of neural network design,in which the concept of incorporating a physical model into a neural network can be generalized to solve many other CI problems.

关键词： neural network eventually

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Refractive outcome of keratoconus treated by big-bubble deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty in pediatric patients: two-year follow-up comparison between mechanical trephine and femtosecond laser assisted techniques

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Eye and Vision 2019年第1期6卷 1-5页

作者： Luca Buzzonetti Gianni Petrocelli Paola Valente Sergio Petroni Rosa Parrilla giancarlo Iarossi Ophthalmology Department Bambino GesùIRCCS Children’s HospitalVia Torre di Palidoro snc-00050 PassoscuroRomeItaly

Background:To evaluate refractive outcome 24 months after Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty(DALK)in pediatric patients by comparing results achieved using mechanical trephine and femtosecond ***:Twenty eyes of 20 patients affected by keratoconus were *** perform big-bubble DALK,10 eyes(Group 1;mean age 11.2±2.2 years)were subjected to the Hessburg-Barron mechanical trephine and the remaining 10 eyes(Group 2;mean age 11.3±3.1 years)to a 150 kHz femtosecond laser that performed mushroom *** thinnest point in the corneal thickness map and K readings were measured by the Sirius Scheimpflug *** also evaluated corrected distance visual acuity(CDVA)as logMAR value using spectacles,spherical equivalent and refractive ***:Mean preoperative thinnest point and pre-and post-operative K readings did not show significant difference(P>0.05)between the two ***,spherical equivalent and refractive astigmatism were respectively,0.14±0.08 logMAR and 0.13±0.10 logMAR(P=0.8),−4.2±1.1 D and−2.8±1.2 D(P=0.03),4.4±2.0 D and 3.6±1.2 D(P=0.4)in Groups 1 and *** DALK procedures were ***:Our findings suggest that femtosecond laser compared to mechanical trephine could significantly reduce the spherical equivalent amount in pediatric big-bubble DALK.

关键词： Pediatric keratoplasty Deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty Femtosecond laser

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Via pars plana anterior iris enclavation IOL fixation

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2021年第5期14卷 774-776页

作者： Tomaso Caporossi Ruggero Tartaro giancarlo Albani Francesco Barca Fabrizio Giansanti Stanislao Rizzo Department of Surgical and Translational Medicine Eye ClinicUniversity of FlorenceAzienda Ospedaliera Universitaria CareggiFlorence 50139Italy Department of Ophthalmology Catholic University of Sacred-Heart Foundation“Policlinico Universitario A.Gemelli”IRCCSRome 00168Italy

AIM:To describe a via pars plana anterior iris enclavation intraocular lens(IOL)fixation techniqueMETHODS:A total of 35 consecutive aphakic vitrectomised patients(average age 71.12±10.12 y)underwent pars plana vitrectomy(PPV)and via pars plana anterior iris enclavation IOL ***:The mean preoperative best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)was 0.11±0.14 log MAR,the mean postoperative BCVA was 0.07±0.11 log *** preoperative mean spherical equivalent was 7.22±4.21 *** final mean spherical equivalent was-0.25±0.15 *** eyes had hypotony,retinal or choroidal detachment or ***:This technique may be a safe and useful in the case of aphakia,and a prospective study would be useful to confirm this findings.

关键词： IOL luxation via pars plana vitrectomy cystoid macular edema iris enclavation IOL

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A Non-Newtonian View of the Universe Derived from Hydrodynamic Gravitation and Expanding Earth

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Journal of Modern Physics 2022年第11期13卷 1411-1439页

作者： giancarlo Scalera INGV Rome Italy

Earth Science observations and the Borexino and KamLAND geoneutrino experiments provide clues on the role of aether in the evolution of the Earth, planets, and all other universal structures. Analysis of the problem of storage of aether entering celestial bodies led to a hydrodynamic explanation of gravitation which in turn was found to be closely related to the expanding Earth and to several other phenomena. Variable radius paleogeography provides an approximate assessment of the quantity of ordinary matter added to the planet per time unit, and some inferences about the Earth’s inner energy balance. The aether density, flow rate, and velocity are computed with the help of astrophysics. The origins of cosmological and gravitational redshift are unified under the single cause of gravitation. This is linked to the similar but not interchangeable concept of tired light, which was considered very plausible by cosmologists like Edwin Hubble and Fritz Zwicky. A superluminal speed was calculated for aether at the Earth’s surface. INFN experiments confirm hydrodynamic gravitation and superluminal velocities, and it is possible to identify interrelations of aether parameters with the currently known cosmological parameters H0, G, and c. Unification of hydrodynamic gravitation and the expansion of the celestial bodies through the existence of a minor dissipative force, a non-Newtonian concept, involves a revision of the theories of physics and cosmology, in which the currently accepted laws of physics will be only considered good approximations of a more complex reality.

关键词： Expanding Earth Aether Central Flow Hydrodynamic Gravity Red Shifts New Evolutionary Cosmology

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Characterisation of Photocathodes Based on Pb Thin Film Deposited by UV Pulsed Laser Ablation

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2014年第1期30卷 37-40页

作者： Francisco Gontad Antonella Lorusso giancarlo Gatti Massimo Ferrario Laura Gioia Passione Luana Persano Nicola Lovergine Alessio Perrone Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare e Università del Salento Università del Salento Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E.De Giorgi" Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Innovazione Università del Salento National Nanotechnology Laboratory(NNL)

This work deals with the deposition of lead （Pb） thin films by the UV pulsed laser ablation technique, for their further use as photocathode devices in superconducting radio frequency guns. Scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy analyses were performed to study the morphological features of Pb thin films deposited on Si （100） and Nb substrates. The films showed a granular structure with a nearly fully covered surface only for that one deposited on Nb substrate. X-ray diffraction measurements indicate the growth of polycrystalline Pb thin films with a preferential orientation along （111） planes. Results of the photoemission performance of Pb thin film deposited on Nb substrate showed a very encouraging average value of quantum efficiency of 6 x 10-5 through a single-photon absorption process, promoting further studies in the realisation of Pb photocathodes by this technique.

关键词： Pulsed laser deposition Lead thin film Metallic photocathodes Quantum efficiency

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Endoscopic ultrasound-guided treatments: Are we getting evidence based- a systematic review

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第26期20卷 8424-8448页

作者： Carlo Fabbri Carmelo Luigiano Andrea Lisotti Vincenzo Cennamo Clara Virgilio giancarlo Caletti Pietro Fusaroli Unit of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy AUSL Bologna Bellaria-Maggiore Hospital Unit of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences - DIMEC University of BolognaHospital S Maria della Scaletta

The continued need to develop less invasive alternatives to surgical and radiologic interventions has driven the development of endoscopic ultrasound(EUS)-guided *** include EUS-guided drainage of pancreatic fluid collections,EUS-guided necrosectomy,EUS-guided cholangiography and biliary drainage,EUSguided pancreatography and pancreatic duct drainage,EUS-guided gallbladder drainage,EUS-guided drainage of abdominal and pelvic fluid collections,EUS-guided celiac plexus block and celiac plexus neurolysis,EUSguided pancreatic cyst ablation,EUS-guided vascular interventions,EUS-guided delivery of antitumoral agents and EUS-guided fiducial placement and *** these procedures are technically challenging and require expertise in both EUS and interventional endoscopy,such as endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and gastrointestinal *** undertook a systematic review to record the entire body of literature accumulated over the past 2decades on EUS-guided interventions with the objective of performing a critical appraisal of published articles,based on the classification of studies according to levels of evidence,in order to assess the scientific progress made in this field.

关键词： Endoscopic ultrasound Pseudocyst drainage Necrosectomy Celiac plexus neurolysis Levels of evidence Fine needle injection

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A New Physical Interpretation of Archimedes’ Principle

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2018年第1期6卷 215-223页

作者： giancarlo Cavazzini Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Istituto di Geoscienze e Georisorse Padova Italy

The interpretation of the equilibrium of a solid body floating on the surface of a liquid body is well known as the “Archimedes’ Principle”. Presently, the equilibrium of the solid body is interpreted as the result of the concurrence of two mechanical actions which are equivalent and opposite: the “weight” of the body, directed downwards, and the “Archimedes’ force” having a magnitude equivalent to the weight of the volume of liquid displaced by the volume of the body immersed in the liquid, directed upwards. We show arguments proving that this interpretation is not a correct physical interpretation. The same arguments show that a new different interpretation is a correct one. The new interpretation is based on the hypothesis that the “weight” of a body immersed in a body-medium is proportional to the volume of the body immersed in the body-medium and to the difference in density between the matter of the body and the matter of the body-medium. Accordingly, if a body is completely immersed in a body-medium, there is only one mechanical action on the body. This action may be downwards or upwards, or its magnitude may be zero. In this last case, the body is in equilibrium within the body-medium.

关键词： Archimedes’ Principle Buoyancy Density Weight

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Snap-shot topography measurement via dual-VCSEL and dual wavelength digital holographic interferometry

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Light(Advanced Manufacturing) 2021年第4期2卷 45-56页

作者： Daniel Claus Igor Alekseenko Martin Grabherr giancarlo Pedrini Raimund Hibst Institut für Lasertechnologien in der Medizin und Meßtechnik Helmholzstraße 12UlmD-89081Germany Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University A.Nevsky str.14Kaliningrad236016Russia Priolas GmbH Kellerhalde 24Ulm 89081Germany Instiut für Technische Optik Universität StuttgartPfaffenwaldring 970195StuttgartGermany

In this paper,we propose a dual-wavelength digital holographic interferometry method based on a compact dual vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser(VCSEL)*** source simultaneously emits light from two highly stabilized coherent light sources with slightly different wavelengths.A highly stabilized and adjustable current source enables the application of digital holographic dual-wavelength techniques to measure the shape of an object with height steps of a few *** wavelength drift over 12 h over the entire measurement range,which was evaluated using a wavemeter,was smaller than 1 *** addition to the low measurement uncertainty at large height jumps,the dual-wavelength digital holographic system distinguishes itself by its robustness to environmental disturbances such as air turbulence,heat load,and/or mechanical *** is enabled via a fiber-based almost common-path single-shot digital holographic acquisition of the information of the two different wavelengths using angular *** experimental setup and data evaluation are discussed,and we present measurements of non-cooperative objects with specular reflective and/or diffuse reflective surfaces having different colors.

关键词： reflective millimeter holographic

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Autologous mesenchymal stem cells applied on the pressure ulcers had produced a surprising outcome in a severe case of neuromyelitis optica

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Neural Regeneration Research 2015年第11期10卷 1841-1845页

作者： Adriana Octaviana Dulamea Mirela-Patricia Sirbu-Boeti Coralia Bleotu Denisa Dragu Lucia Moldovan Ioana Lupescu giancarlo Comi U.M.F.Carol Davila 8 Bulevardul Eroii Sanitari Department of Neurology Fundeni Clinical Institute National Virology Institute Stefan S.Nicolau National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences Universita Vita-Salute San Raffaele

Recent studies provided evidence that mesenchymal stem cells（MSCs） have regenerative potential in cutaneous repair and profound immunomodulatory properties making them a candidate for therapy of neuroimmunologic diseases. Neuromyelitis optica（NMO） is an autoimmune, demyelinating central nervous system disorder characterized by a longitudinally extensive spinal cord lesion. A 46-year-old male diagnosed with NMO had relapses with paraplegia despite treatment and developed two stage IV pressure ulcers（PUs） on his legs. The patient consented for local application of autologous MSCs on PUs. MSCs isolated from the patient＇s bone marrow aspirate were multiplied in vitro during three passages and embedded in a tridimensional collagen-rich matrix which was applied on the PUs. Eight days after MSCs application the patient showed a progressive healing of PUs and improvement of disability. Two months later the patient was able to walk 20 m with bilateral assistance and one year later he started to walk without assistance. For 76 months the patient had no relapse and no adverse event was reported. The original method of local application of autologous BM-MSCs contributed to healing of PUs. For 6 years the patient was free of relapses and showed an improvement of disability. The association of cutaneous repair, sustained remission of NMO and improvement of disability might be explained by a promotion/optimization of recovery mechanisms in the central nervous system even if alternative hypothesis should be considered. Further studies are needed to assess the safety and efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells in NMO treatment.

关键词： neuromyelitis optica Devic's syndrome mesenchymal stem cells multiple sclerosis pressure ulcers

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Mesenteric adenitis caused by Yersinia pseudotubercolosis in a patient subsequently diagnosed with Crohn's disease of the terminal ileum

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第24期12卷 3933-3935页

作者： Maddalena Zippi Maria Chiara Colaiacomo Adriana Marcheggiano Roberta Pica Paolo Paoluzi giancarlo Iaiani Renzo Caprilli Francesca Maccioni Department of Clinical Sciences GI Unit Umberto Ⅰ Viale del Policlinico 15500161RomeItaly Department of Radiological Sciences Umberto Ⅰ Viale del Policlinico 155 00161RomeItaly Department of Infectious Diseases Umberto Ⅰ Viale del Policlinico 155 00161RomeItaly

Although the association between inflammatory bowel disease and gastrointestinal infections has been suggested, the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of Crohn＇s disease （CD） are still undetermined. We report the case of a man, who presented with mesenteric adenitis initially due to a Yersinia pseudotubercolosis infection, who was later diagnosed with Crohn＇s disease. This case is in keeping with recent evidence in the literature which suggests that CD is a disease linked to abnormal immune responses to enteric bacteria in genetically susceptible individuals.

关键词： Yersinia pseudotubercolosis Crohn's disease Ileitis

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