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Role of osteoprotegerin/receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B/receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand axis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第19期24卷 2073-2082页

作者： Lucia Pacifico gian marco andreoli Miriam D'Avanzo Delia De Mitri Pasquale Pierimarchi Policlinico Umberto I Hospital Sapienza University of Rome Institute of Translational Pharmacology National Research Council

Concomitantly with the increase in the prevalences of overweight/obesity, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) has worldwide become the main cause of chronic liver disease in both adults and children. Patients with fatty liver display features of metabolic syndrome(Met S), like insulin resistance(IR), glucose intolerance, hypertension and dyslipidemia. Recently, epidemiological studies have linked obesity, Met S, and NAFLD to decreased bone mineral density and osteoporosis, highlighting an intricate interplay among bone, adipose tissue, and liver. Osteoprotegerin(OPG), an important symbol of the receptor activator of nuclear factor-B ligand/receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B/OPG system activation, typically considered for its role in bone metabolism, may also play critical roles in the initiation and perpetuation of obesityrelated comorbidities. Clinical data have indicated that OPG concentrations are associated with hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy, vascular calcification, endothelial dysfunction, and severity of liver damage in chronic hepatitis C. Nonetheless, the relationship between circulating OPG and IR as a key feature of Met S as well as between OPG and NAFLD remains uncertain. Thus, the aims of the present review are to provide the existent knowledge on these associations and to discuss briefly the underlying mechanisms linking OPG and NAFLD.

关键词： Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Insulin resistance Metabolic syndrome Osteoprotegerin Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand

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Pancreatic fat and β-cell function in overweight/obese children with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第15期21卷 4688-4695页

作者： Lucia Pacifico Michele Di Martino Caterina Anania gian marco andreoli Mario Bezzi Carlo Catalano Claudio Chiesa Department of Pediatrics and Child Neuropsychiatry Sapienza University of Rome Department of Radiological Sciences Sapienza University of Rome Institute of Translational Pharmacology National Research Council

AIM: To analyze the associations of pancreatic fat with other fat depots and β-cell function in pediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).METHODS: We examined 158 overweight/obese children and adolescents, 80 with NAFLD [hepatic fat fraction(HFF) ≥ 5%] and 78 without fatty liver. Visceral adipose tissue(VAT), pancreatic fat fraction(PFF) and HFF were determined by magnetic resonance imaging. Estimates of insulin sensitivity were calculated using the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance(HOMA-IR), defined by fasting insulin and fasting glucose and whole-body insulin sensitivity index(WBISI), based on mean values of insulin and glucose obtained from oral glucose tolerance test and the corresponding fasting values. Patients were considered to have prediabetes if they had either:(1) impaired fasting glucose, defined as a fasting glucose level ≥ 100 mg/d L to < 126 mg/d L;(2) impaired glucose tolerance, defined as a 2 h glucose concentration between ≥ 140 mg/d L and < 200 mg/d L; or(3) hemoglobin A1 c value of ≥ 5.7% to < 6.5%.RESULTS: PFF was significantly higher in NAFLD patients compared with subjects without liver involvement. PFF was significantly associated with HFF and VAT, as well as fasting insulin, C peptide, HOMA-IR, and WBISI. The association between PFF and HFF was no longer significant after adjusting for age, gender, Tanner stage, body mass index(BMI)-SD score, and VAT. In multiple regression analysis withWBISI or HOMA-IR as the dependent variables, against the covariates age, gender, Tanner stage, BMI-SD score, VAT, PFF, and HFF, the only variable significantly associated with WBISI(standardized coefficient B,-0.398; P = 0.001) as well as HOMA-IR(0.353; P = 0.003) was HFF. Children with prediabetes had higher PFF and HFF than those without. PFF and HFF were significantly associated with prediabetes after adjustment for clinical variables. When all fat depots where included in the same model, only HFF remained significantly associated with prediabetes(OR = 3.38; 95%CI: 1.10-10.4; P

关键词： Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Pancreaticfat Visceral fat Beta-cell function Children

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Minimally invasive surgical therapies(MISTs)for lower urinary tract symptoms(LUTS):promise or panacea?

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2024年第2期26卷 135-143页

作者： gian Maria Busetto Andrea Checchia marco Recchia Edoardo Tocci Ugo G Falagario Gennaro Annunziata Pasquale Annese Nicola d'Altilia Vito Mancini Matteo Ferro Felice Crocetto Octavian Sabin Tataru Luca Di gianfrancesco Angelo Porreca Francesco Del Giudice Ettore De Berardinis Carlo Bettocchi Luigi Cormio Giuseppe Carrieri University of Foggia Foggia 71122Italy Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation Policlinico of FoggiaFoggia 71122Italy Urology Unit "G.Tatarlla"HospitalCerignola 71042Italy Urology Unit European Institute of Oncology(IE0)IRCcSMilan 20141Italy University of Naples Federico Il Naples 80126Italy G.E.Palade University of Medicine PharmacyScienceand Technology of Targu MuresTargu Mures 540142Romania Department of Oncological Urology Veneto Institute of Oncology(IOv)IRccSPadua 35128Italy Department of Maternal-Infant and Urological Sciences Sapienza Rome UniversityRoma 00161Italy Urology Unit "L.Bonomo"HospitalAndria 76123Italy

The increasing importance of treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms(LUTS),while avoiding side effects and maintaining sexual function,has allowed for the development of minimally invasive surgical therapies(MiSTs).Recently,the European Association of Urology guidelines reported a paradigm shift from the management of benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH)to the management of nonneurogenic male LUTS.The aim of the present review was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the most commonly used MisTs:ablative techniques such as aquablation,prostatic artery embolization,water vapor energy,and transperineal prostate laser ablation,and nonablative techniques such as prostatic urethral lift and temporarily implanted nitinol device(iTIND).MiSTs are becoming a new promise,even if clinical trials with longer follow-up are still lacking.Most of them are still under investigation and,to date,only a few options have been given as a recommendation for use.They cannot be considered as standard of care and are not suitable for all patients.Advantages and disadvantages should be underlined,without forgetting our objective:treatment of LUTS and re-treatment avoidance.

关键词： aquablation iTIND prostatic artery embolization prostatic urethral lift transperineal prostate laser ablation water vapor energy

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Is Takotsubo cardiomyopathy still looking for its own nosological identity?

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World Journal of Cardiology 2022年第10期14卷 557-560页

作者： Riccardo Scagliola gian marco Rosa Cardiovascular Disease Unit IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San MartinoGenoa 16132Italy

Despite several efforts to provide a proper nosological framework for Takotsubo cardiomyopathy(TCM),this remains an unresolved matter in clinical practice.Several clinical,pathophysiologic and histologic findings support the conceivable hypothesis that TCM could be defined as a unique pathologic entity,rather than a distinct subset of myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries.Further investigations are needed in order to define TCM with the most appropriate disease taxonomy.

关键词： Takotsubo cardiomyopathy Myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries Disease classification

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Diagnostic detection with cardiac tomography and resonance of extremely rare coronary anomaly:A case report and review of literature

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2019年第5期7卷 628-635页

作者： Nicolò Schicchi marco Fogante gian marco Giuseppetti Andrea Giovagnoni Department of Radiology Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti Department of Radiology Università Politecnica delle Marche

BACKGROUND The association of two congenital coronary artery anomalies(CAAs) is extremely rare but represents one of the main cause of sudden cardiac death in young athletes. Although coronary angiography(CX-A) is still widely used in childhood, cardiac magnetic resonance(C-MRI) and cardiac computed tomography(C-CT) have recently taken on an increasing diagnostic role in early detection of CAAs and concomitant congenital cardiac malformations.CASE SUMMARY A healthy 10-year-old male patient was referred to the Radiological Department of our Institution due to no evidence of left coronary artery in echocardiographic examination. With C-MRI was detected marked myocardial trabeculation and was suspected anomalous origin and course of left circumflex(LCx) artery and of left anterior descending(LAD) artery. With third generation Dual Source C-CT192x2-sections(SOMATOM Force, Siemens, Germany) was confirmed anomalous origin of LCx artery from right pulmonary artery associated with anomalous origin of LAD artery from right coronary artery with course in front of right ventricular outflow tract. The patient underwent surgical treatment with reimplantation of the anomalous LCX and LAD arteries into the wall of ascending aorta, with no postoperative complications. The patient remained asymptomatic and follow-up C-MRI scan four months after operation showed complete success of surgery treatment.CONCLUSION This case highlights the diagnostic potential of C-CT and C-MRI in evaluation of CAAs and of cardiac morphology and functionality, with very low radiation dose and without the risks related to invasive procedure.

关键词： Coronary anomalies Cardiac computed tomography Cardiac magnetic resonance Case report Coronary artery anomalies

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Congruent responses of vascular plant and ant communities to pastoral land-use abandonment in mountain areas throughout different biogeographic regions

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Ecological Processes 2022年第1期11卷 469-482页

作者： Marcello Verdinelli marco Pittarello Maria Carmela Caria Giovanna Piga Pier Paolo Roggero gian marco Marrosu Stefano Arrizza Maria Leonarda Fadda Giampiero Lombardi Michele Lonati Ginevra Nota Maria Sitzia Simonetta Bagella Institute of BioEconomy(CNR IBE) National Research Council of Italy07100 SassariItaly Department of Agricultural Forestand Food Science(DIS-AFA)University of TorinoTorinoItaly Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy University of Sassari07100 SassariItaly Department of Agricultural Sciences University of Sassari07100 SassariItaly Desertification Research Center University of Sassari07100 SassariItaly AGRIS Sardegna Loc.Bonassai07100 SassariItaly

Background:There is a long-term trend towards the abandonment of agro-pastoral activities in the mountain areas of Europe:the following encroachment process of semi-natural grasslands by shrubs is one of the main severe threats to the conservation of biodiversity in mountain environments.To better understand the impact of land abandonment,we analysed the reliability of plant functional groups,ant traits,and ant functional groups as indicators of land use changes.We carried out the research in Italy at four sites along a latitudinal/altitudinal gradient in three biogeo-graphic regions(Mediterranean,Continental,Alpine).We identified three stages of a chronosequence at each site as representative of the plant succession in response to pastoral land-use abandonment.Results:As expected,both the plant and ant assemblages considerably differed across sites at the species level and,within each site,among the three stages.This trend was found also using ant traits,functional groups of ants,and plant functional groups.Ant and plant communities were related in terms of composition and functionality.Harvester ants and ants with collective foraging strategy were associated with annual legumes and grasses(Therophytes);ants with a strictly individual foraging strategy with Phanerophytes.Ant traits and plant functional groups indicated significant differences among the three stages of the chronosequence.However,ant functional groups could not discriminate between the stages represented by secondary grasslands currently grazed and shrub-encroached grasslands ungrazed.Conclusion:Despite some limitations of ant functional groups in explaining the succession stages of land abandonment,our results suggest that ants are a good surrogate taxon and might be used as bioindicators of land-use changes and ecosystem functioning.Furthermore,our findings indicate that the functional group approach should be applied to other European ecosystems.Finally,reducing the taxonomic complexity could contribute to developing predictive models to detect

关键词： Biodiversity conservation Bioindicators Cross-taxon congruence Functional groups Land abandonment Monitoring Mountain pastures

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Effects of viremia and CD4 recovery on gut“microbiome-immunity”axis in treatment-na?ve HIV-1-infected patients undergoing antiretroviral therapy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第6期28卷 635-652页

作者： Edda Russo Giulia Nannini Gaetana Sterrantino Seble Tekle Kiros Vincenzo Di Pilato marco Coppi Simone Baldi Elena Niccolai Federica Ricci Matteo Ramazzotti marco Pallecchi Filippo Lagi gian Maria Rossolini Alessandro Bartoloni gianluca Bartolucci Amedeo Amedei Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of FlorenceFlorence 50134Italy Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics University of GenoaGenoa 16126Italy Department of Biomedical Experimental and Clinical"Mario Serio"University of FlorenceFlorence 50134Italy Microbiology and Virology Unit Florence Careggi University HospitalUniversity of FlorenceFlorence 50134Italy Department of Neurosciences PsychologyDrug Research and Child HealthUniversity of FlorenceFlorence 50019Italy

BACKGROUND Human immunodeficiency virus type 1(HIV-1)infection is characterized by persistent systemic inflammation and immune activation,even in patients receiving effective antiretroviral therapy(ART).Converging data from many cross-sectional studies suggest that gut microbiota(GM)changes can occur throughout including human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)infection,treated by ART;however,the results are contrasting.For the first time,we compared the fecal microbial composition,serum and fecal microbial metabolites,and serum cytokine profile of treatment-na?ve patients before starting ART and after reaching virological suppression,after 24 wk of ART therapy.In addition,we compared the microbiota composition,microbial metabolites,and cytokine profile of patients with CD4/CD8 ratio1(immunological responders[IRs]),after 24 wk of ART therapy.AIM To compare for the first time the fecal microbial composition,serum and fecal microbial metabolites,and serum cytokine profile of treatment-na?ve patients before starting ART and after reaching virological suppression(HIV RNA<50 copies/m L)after 24 wk of ART.METHODS We enrolled 12 treatment-na?ve HIV-infected patients receiving ART(mainly based on integrase inhibitors).Fecal microbiota composition was assessed through next generation sequencing.In addition,a comprehensive analysis of a blood broad-spectrum cytokine panel was performed through a multiplex approach.At the same time,serum free fatty acid(FFA)and fecal short chain fatty acid levels were obtained through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.RESULTS We first compared microbiota signatures,FFA levels,and cytokine profile before starting ART and after reaching virological suppression.Modest alterations were observed in microbiota composition,in particular in the viral suppression condition,we detected an increase of Ruminococcus and Succinivibrio and a decrease of Intestinibacter.Moreover,in the same condition,we also observed augmented levels of serum propionic and buty

关键词： HIV Antiretroviral therapy Microbiome-immunity axis Microbiota Cytokines Short chain fatty acid Inflammation Immunological responders Viremia

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Materials property prediction for limited datasets enabled by feature selection and joint learning with MODNet

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npj Computational Materials 2021年第1期7卷 731-738页

作者： Pierre-Paul De Breuck Geoffroy Hautier gian-marco Rignanese UCLouvain Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences(IMCN)Louvain-la-NeuveBelgium Dartmouth College Thayer School of EngineeringHanoverNHUSA

In order to make accurate predictions of material properties,current machine-learning approaches generally require large amounts of data,which are often not available in practice.In this work,MODNet,an all-round framework,is presented which relies on a feedforward neural network,the selection of physically meaningful features,and when applicable,joint-learning.Next to being faster in terms of training time,this approach is shown to outperform current graph-network models on small datasets.In particular,the vibrational entropy at 305 K of crystals is predicted with a mean absolute test error of 0.009 meV/K/atom(four times lower than previous studies).Furthermore,joint learning reduces the test error compared to single-target learning and enables the prediction of multiple properties at once,such as temperature functions.Finally,the selection algorithm highlights the most important features and thus helps to understand the underlying physics.

关键词： learning prediction property

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Fully digital intensity modulated LIDAR

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2016年第4期12卷 290-296页

作者： Fabio POLLASTRONE gian Carlo CARDARILLI Roberto PIZZOFERRATO marco RE Department FSN FUSTEC–IEE-ENEA Frascati Department of Electronics Engineering University of Rome "Tor Vergata" Department of Industrial Engineering University of Rome "Tor Vergata"

In several applications, such as collision avoidance, it is necessary to have a system able to rapidly detect the simultaneous presence of different obstacles. In general, these applications do not require high resolution performance, but it is necessary to assure high system reliability also within critical scenarios, as in the case of partially transparent atmosphere or environment in presence of multiple objects(implying multiple echoes having different delay times.) This paper describes the algorithm, the architecture and the implementation of a digital Light Detection and Ranging(LIDAR) system based on a chirped optical carrier. This technique provides some advantages compared to the pulsed approach, primarily the reduction of the peak power of the laser. In the proposed architecture all the algorithms for signal processing are implemented using digital hardware. In this way, some specific advantages are obtained: improved detection performance(larger dynamics, range and resolution), capability of detecting multiple obstacles having different echoes amplitude, reduction of the noise effects, reduction of the costs, size and weight of the resulting equipment. The improvement provided by this fully digital solution is potentially useful in different applications such as: collision avoidance systems, 3D mapping of environments and, in general, remote sensing systems which need wide distance and dynamics.

关键词： CW-IM LIDAR Chirp Laser Obstacle Avoidance

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A simple denoising approach to exploit multi-fidelity data for machine learning materials properties

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npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 2226-2238页

作者： Xiaotong Liu Pierre-Paul De Breuck Linghui Wang gian-marco Rignanese Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering Beijing Information Science and Technology UniversityNo.35 Beisihuan Middle RoadBeijing100101BeijingP.R.China School of Computer Beijing Information Science and Technology UniversityNo.35 Beisihuan Middle RoadBeijing100101BeijingP.R.China Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences UCLouvainChemin desÉtoiles 8Louvain-la-Neuve1348Belgium School of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityNo.127 Youyi West RoadXi’an710072ShaanxiP.R.China

Machine-learning models have recently encountered enormous success for predicting the properties of materials.These are often trained based on data that present various levels of accuracy,with typically much less high-than low-fidelity data.In order to extract as much information as possible from all available data,we here introduce an approach which aims to improve the quality of the data through denoising.We investigate the possibilities that it offers in the case of the prediction of the band gap using both limited experimental data and density-functional theory relying on different exchange-correlation functionals.After analyzing the raw data thoroughly,we explore different ways to combine the data into training sequences and analyze the effect of the chosen denoiser.We also study the effect of applying the denoising procedure several times until convergence.Finally,we compare our approach with various existing methods to exploit multi-fidelity data and show that it provides an interesting improvement.

关键词： approach learning exploit

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