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Short-Term Response of Soil Microbial Biomass to Different Chabazite Zeolite Amendments

Pedosphere 2018年第2期28卷 277-287页

作者： giacomo ferretti Katharina Maria KEIBLINGER Dario DI GIUSEPPE Barbara FACCINI Nicolò COLOMBANI Sophie ZECHMEISTER-BOLTENSTERN Massimo COLTORTI Micòl MASTROCICCO Deptartment of Physics and Earth Sciences University of Ferrara Via Saragat 1 Ferrara 44122 (Italy) Institute of Soil Research Department of Forest and Soil Sciences University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU) Peter Jordan Strasse 82 Vienna 1190 (Austria) Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare (CoNISMa) Piazzale Flaminio Roma 900196 (Italy) Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies Second University of Naples Caserta 81100(Italy)

Zeolitites (ZTs) are rocks containing more than 50% of zeolite minerals and are known to be a suitable material for agricultural purposes by improving soil physicochemical properties and nitrogen (N) use efficiency. However, little is known about their effects on soil microbial biomass. This study aimed to evaluate short-term effects of different chabazite-rich ZT (CHAZT) amendments on soil microbial biomass and activity. A silty-clay agricultural soil was amended in three different ways, including the addition of natural (5% and 15%) and NH_4^+-enriched (10%) CHAZT. Soil dissolved organic carbon (C), total dissolved N, NH_4^+, NO_3^-, NO_2^-, microbial biomass C and N, and ergosterol were measured periodically over 16 d in a laboratory incubation. To verify the microbial immobilization of the N derived from NH_4^+-enriched CHAZT, a high15N source was used for enriching the mineral to measure the microbial biomass δ15N signature. An increase in the ergosterol content was observed in the soil amended with 5% natural CHAZT. However, no similar result was observed in the soil amended with 15% natural CHAZT, suggesting that the fungal biomass was favored at a lower CHAZT application rate. In the soil amended with NH+ 4-enriched CHAZT, microbial biomass N was related to NO_3^-production over time and inversely related to NH_4^+, suggesting high nitrification process. Isotopic measurements on microbial biomass confirmed immediate assimilation of N derived from NH_4^+-enriched CHAZT. These results suggested that the NH_4^+-enriched CHAZT used in this study supplied an immediately available N pool to the microbial biomass.

关键词： ergosterol microbial biomass δ15N natural zeolite NH4+-enriched zeolite nitrification slow-release fertilizer

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Estimating the geographic range of a threatened shark in a data-poor region： Cetorhinus maximus in the South Atlantic Ocean

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Current Zoology 2015年第5期61卷 811-826页

作者： Luis O. LUCIFORA Santiago A. BARBINI Edgardo E. DI giacomo Juan A. WAESSLE Daniel E. FIGUEROA Instituto de Biologia Subtropical - Iguazu Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas Universidad Nacional de Misiones Puerto Iguazu Misiones Argentina Laboratorio de Ictiologia Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata Mar del Plata Provincia de Buenos Aires Argentina Grupo Condros Instituto de Biologia Marina y Pesquera "Almirante Stomi" Universidad Nacional del Comahue San Antonio Oeste Rio Negro Argentina Instituto Nacional de Investigacion y Desarrollo Pesquero Mar del Plata Provincia de Buenos Aires Argentina

The distribution of the planktivorous basking shark Cetorhinus maximus is influenced by zooplankton abundance at small scales and temperature at medium scales in the North Atlantic. Here, we estimate the distribution of basking sharks on South Atlantic continental shelves, and the relative importance of chlorophyll concentration, as a proxy for zooplankton abun- dance, and temperature in determining habitat suitability for basking sharks at large scales. We used maximum entropy （MaxEnt） and maximum likelihood （MaxLike） species distribution modelling to test three hypotheses： the distribution of basking sharks is determined by （1） temperature, （2） chlorophyll concentration, or （3） both chlorophyll and temperature, while considering other factors, such as oxygen and salinity. Off South America, basking shark habitat included subtropical, temperate and cool-temperate waters between approximately 20°S and 55°S. Off Africa, basking shark habitat was limited to cool-temperate waters off Namibia and southern South Africa. MaxLike models bad a better fit than MaxEnt models. The best model included minimum chlorophyll concentration, dissolved oxygen concentration, and sea surface temperature range, supporting hypothesis 3. However, of all variables included in the best model, minimum chlorophyll concentration had the highest influence on basking shark distribution. Unlike the North Atlantic distribution, the South Atlantic distribution of basking sharks includes subtropical and cool-temperate waters. This difference is explained by high minimum chlorophyll concentration off southern Brazil as compared to North Atlantic subtropical areas. Observations in other regions of the world support this conclusion. The highest habitat suitability for basking sharks is located close to nearshore areas that experience high anthropogenic impact [Current Zoology 61 （5）： 811-826, 2015].

关键词： Basking shark Chondrichthyes Geographic range MaxEnt MaxLike Southern Hemisphere

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