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Weighted individual-resource networks in prey–predator systems: the role of prey availability on the emergence of modular structures

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Integrative Zoology 2022年第1期17卷 115-127页

作者： Andrea COSTA Antonio ROMANO giacomo ROSA Sebastiano SALVIDIO Department of Earth Environment and Life Sciences(DISTAV)University of GenovaGenovaItaly Italian National Research Council(CNR) Agriculture and Food Sciences Department(IBE)Institute of Bioeconomy–BiologyRomaRMItaly

Ecological networks,usually depicting interactions among species,have been recently down-scaled to the individual level,permitting description of patterns of inter-individual resource variation that are usually hindered at the species *** diet theory(ODT)models,applied to prey–predator systems,predict different patterns of nestedness and modularity in the network,depending on the available resources and intra-specific *** effect of resource availability on the emergence of networks structures,and ODT framework,has not yet fully been ***,we analyzed the structural patterns of individual-resource networks in 3 species of Mediterranean salamanders,in relation to changes in prey *** used weighted individual-resource network metrics to interpret the observed patterns,according to 3 ODT *** found significant nestedness recurring in our study system,indicating that both selective and opportunistic individuals occur in the same *** diversity,rather than abundance,was apparently related to inter-individual resource variation and promoted the emergence of significant modularity within all *** observed patterns of nestedness and modularity,together with the variation in resource diversity and intra-specific competition,are in agreement with the distinct preferences model of *** findings suggest that in the focal prey–predator systems,individuals were able to perceive changes in prey diversity and to exploit in different ways the variations in composition of available resources,shifting their diet assembly rules *** findings also confirm that the use of weighted individual-resource networks,in prey–predator systems,allows to disclose dynamics that are masked at the species or population level.

关键词： inter-individual resource variation network-analysis optimal diet theory prey availability salamanders

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Non-celiac gluten sensitivity： questions still to be answered despite increasing awareness

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2013年第5期10卷 383-392页

作者： Umberto Volta giacomo Caio Francesco Tovoli Roberto De Giorgio Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences St. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital University of Bologna Bologna Italy

Recently, the increasing number of patients worldwide who are sensitive to dietary gluten without evidence of celiac disease or wheat allergy has contributed to the identification of a new gluten-related syndrome defined as non-celiac gluten sensitivity. Our knowledge regarding this syndrome is still lacking, and many aspects of this syndrome remain unknown. Its pathogenesis is heterogeneous, with a recognized pivotal role for innate immunity; many other factors also contribute, inctuding tow-grade intestinal inflammation, increased intestinal barrier function and changes in the intestinal microbiota. Gluten and other wheat proteins, such as amylase trypsin inhibitors, are the primary triggers of this syndrome, but it has also been hypothesized that a diet rich in fermentable monosaccharides and polyols may elicit its functional gastrointestinal symptoms. The epidemiology of this condition is far from established; its prevalence in the general population is highly variable, ranging from 0.63% to 6%. From a clinical point of view, non-celiac gluten sensitivity is characterized by a wide array of gastrointestinal and extraintestinal symptoms that occur shortly after the ingestion of gluten and improve or disappear when gluten is withdrawn from the diet. These symptoms recur when gluten is reintroduced. Because diagnostic biomarkers have not yet been identified, a double-blind placebo-controlled gluten challenge is currently the diagnostic method with the highest accuracy. Future research is needed to generate more knowledge regarding non-celiac gluten sensitivity, a condition that has global acceptance but has only a few certainties and many unresolved issues.

关键词： celiac disease epithelial barrier function gut inflammation non-celiac gluten sensitivity wheat allergy

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Antegrade scrotal sclerotherapy and varicocele

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2002年第3期4卷 221-224页

作者： Vincenzo Ficarra Alessandra Sarti giacomo Novara Walter Artibani Department of Urology University of Verona 37134 Verona ItalyDepartment of Urology University of Verona 37134 Verona ItalyDepartment of Urology University of Verona 37134 Verona ItalyDepartment of Urology University of Verona 37134 Verona Italy

Antegrade scrotal sclerotherapy is a simple and easy technique for the treatment of varicocele. The success rate varies between 87% and 95%. The initial reflux grade and the number of collateral vessels of the spermatic vein are the most important factors to predict the outcome of the technique. The postoperative complication rate is about 7% and the common ones are scrotal hematoma and epididymo-orchitis of slight severity. Testicular athrophy is a rare event (0.6%). This technique offers a considerable cost reduction compared to other therapeutic options currently available for varicocele.

关键词： antegrade scrotal sclerotherapy varicocele reflux complications

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Antioxidant dietary approach in treatment of fatty liver: New insights and updates

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第23期23卷 4146-4157页

作者： Alessandra Ferramosca Mariangela Di giacomo Vincenzo Zara Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali Università del Salento Via Provinciale Lecce-Monteroni

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) is a common clinicopathological condition, encompassing a range of conditions caused by lipid deposition within liver cells. To date, no approved drugs are available for the treatment of NAFLD, despite the fact that it represents a serious and growing clinical problem in the Western world. Identification of the molecular mechanisms leading to NAFLD-related fat accumulation, mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative balance impairment facilitates the development of specific interventions aimed at preventing the progression of hepatic steatosis. In this review, we focus our attention on the role of dysfunctions in mitochondrial bioenergetics in the pathogenesis of fatty liver. Major data from the literature about the mitochondrial targeting of some antioxidant molecules as a potential treatment for hepatic steatosis are described and critically analysed. There is ample evidence of the positive effects of several classes of antioxidants, such as polyphenols(i.e., resveratrol, quercetin, coumestrol, anthocyanins, epigallocatechin gallate and curcumin), carotenoids(i.e., lycopene, astaxanthin and fucoxanthin) and glucosinolates(i.e., glucoraphanin, sulforaphane, sinigrin and allyl-isothiocyanate), on the reversion of fatty liver. Although the mechanism of action is not yet fully elucidated, in some cases an indirect interaction with mitochondrial metabolism is expected. We believe that such knowledge will eventually translate into the development of novel therapeutic approaches for fatty liver.

关键词： Hepatic steatosis Fatty liver Lipogenesis Mitochondria Oxidative stress

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Nest box selection and reproduction of European Rollers in Central Italy: a 7-year study

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Avian Research 2019年第2期10卷 126-137页

作者： Flavio Monti Luca Nelli Carlo Catoni giacomo Dell’Omo Ornis Italica Piazza Crati 1500199 RomeItaly Institute of Biodiversity Animal Health and Comparative Medicine University of GlasgowGlasgow G12 8QQUK Department of Physical Sciences Earth and EnvironmentUniversity of SienaStrada Laterina853100 SienaItaly

Background: Changes and increased mechanisation of agricultural practices have influenced the biodiversity composition of farmland habitats and caused a decline of bird communities in many European countries. The removal of shrubs and large trees rich in natural cavities, has also led to a drastic decrease in nest site availability for cavity-nesting bird species. Nest-boxes are a common conservation tool used to improve nest-site availability, and have helped to reverse declines in many endangered bird populations. Nonetheless to maximize the results of such interventions it is crucial to know where nest-boxes should be sited. The objective of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of the nest-box program for the European Roller (Coracias garrulus) population of Lazio region (Central Italy). More specifically, we focused on what landscape features were preferred (or avoided) in the process of nest box selection and how they influenced population’s breeding parameters. Particular attention was paid to identifying potential limitations and to provide management recommendations for future interventions. Methods: Using data from 70 nest boxes sited on power lines monitored over a 7-year period (representing 140 breeding attempts), we developed probability functions to evaluate if nest box location, in terms of distance from habitat resources and habitat composition and structure, had an effect on nest box occupancy and on the main reproductive parameters. Results: Nest boxes were more likely to be occupied if they were located near arable fields and in areas characterized by a higher amount of incoming solar radiation. Higher fledging success was associated with fallow fields and with a moderate/low habitat structural complexity. Higher breeding success was associated with solar radiation and with greater distance from urban areas. Conclusions: Our results highlight the importance of specific habitat variables in influencing nest occupancy, and show which driv

关键词： Breeding parameters Coracias garrulus Farmland birds Habitat selection Nest-boxes Power lines

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Short-Term Response of Soil Respiration to Addition of Chars:Impact of Fermentation Post-Processing and Mineral Nitrogen

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Pedosphere 2015年第5期25卷 761-769页

作者： giacomo LANZA Stephan WIRTH Arthur GESSLER Jrgen KERN Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF) Swiss Federal Institute for Forest Snow and Landscape Research WSL

The biodegradability of chars derived from pyrolysis and hydrothermal carbonisation(HTC) was studied in short-term dynamic incubation experiments under controlled conditions. Carbon dioxide C(CO2) emissions from soil-char mixtures in combination with solid digestate or mineral nitrogen(N) fertiliser were measured in dynamic chambers for 10 d. Compared to the original material(maize straw), pyrolysis and HTC chars showed significantly lower CO2 emissions and slower decay dynamics; and compared to the soil control, HTC char increased soil respiration to a significant extent, while pyrolysis char did not. The addition of mineral N resulted in a delayed respiration dynamics for HTC char, while the addition of digestate resulted in an increase in the respired CO2 for pyrolysis char and a decrease for HTC char. For the first time, a peculiar two-stage decay kinetics was observed for HTC char,indicating a highly inhomogeneous substrate consisting at least of two C pools.

关键词： biodegradability CO2 emission decay dynamics hydrothermal carbonisation char pyrolysis char

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Extending OpenStack Monasca for Predictive Elasticity Control

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Big Data Mining and Analytics 2024年第2期7卷 315-339页

作者： giacomo Lanciano Filippo Galli Tommaso Cucinotta Davide Bacciu Andrea Passarella Scuola Normale Superiore Pisa 56126Italy the Real-Time Systems Laboratory(RETIS) TelecommunicationsComputer Engineeringand Photonics Institute(TeCIP)Scuola Superiore Sant’AnnaPisa 56127Italy Department of Computer Science University of PisaPisa 56127Italy National Research Council Pisa56127Italy

Traditional auto-scaling approaches are conceived as reactive automations,typically triggered when predefined thresholds are breached by resource consumption *** such rules at scale is cumbersome,especially when resources require non-negligible time to be *** paper introduces an architecture for predictive cloud operations,which enables orchestrators to apply time-series forecasting techniques to estimate the evolution of relevant metrics and take decisions based on the predicted state of the *** this way,they can anticipate load peaks and trigger appropriate scaling actions in advance,such that new resources are available when *** proposed architecture is implemented in OpenStack,extending the monitoring capabilities of Monasca by injecting short-term forecasts of standard *** use our architecture to implement predictive scaling policies leveraging on linear regression,autoregressive integrated moving average,feed-forward,and recurrent neural networks(RNN).Then,we evaluate their performance on a synthetic workload,comparing them to those of a traditional *** assess the ability of the different models to generalize to unseen patterns,we also evaluate them on traces from a real content delivery network(CDN)*** particular,the RNN model exhibites the best overall performance in terms of prediction error,observed client-side response latency,and forecasting *** implementation of our architecture is open-source.

关键词： OpenStack monitoring elasticity control auto-scaling predictive operations Monasca

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Temperature responsiveness of seedlings maximum relative growth rate in three Mediterranean Cistus species

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2017年第2期10卷 331-339页

作者： giacomo Puglielli Alessandra Spoletini Giuseppe Fabrini Loretta Gratani Department of Environmental Biology Sapienza University of RomeP.le A.Moro 500185 RomeItaly

Aims Relative growth rate(RGR)is an indicator of the extent to which a species is using its photosynthates for growth and it is affected by environmental factors,including ***,most of plant growth studies have been carried out at a single growth temperature or at different temperature treatments,resulting in the lack of information on the relationship between RGR and chang-ing mean daily air *** analyzed the temporal changes in RGR during early growth stages in three Cistus species grown outdoor in a common garden from seeds of different ***,we wanted to define the relationship between daily changes in RGR and mean daily air temperature for the considered *** hypothesis that intra-specific temporal variations in RGR can reflect differences in the behavior to maximize RGR(RGRmax)in response to temperature was *** Seedlings of ***,*** and *** *** were grown outdoor in the experimental garden of the Sapienza University of Rome under a Mediterranean *** analyzed early growth with non-linear growth models and calcu-lated function-derived RGRs as the derivative with respect to time of the parameterized functions used to predict height divided by cur-rent *** relationships between function-derived RGRs and mean daily air temperature were analyzed by linear and non-linear models,which were ranked according to their standard errors and correlation *** temperature dependency of RGRmax per each provenance was evaluated through the relationship between RGRmax and the coefficients of the best regression model *** Findings A parameter that could summarize the temperature dependency of RGR up to RGRmax during the early growth stages for the selected provenances was *** allowed us to highlight that a greater RGR temperature responsiveness was related to a delay in the time to reach RGRmax independently by the species.

关键词： early growth stage non-linear growth models function-derived relative growth rate local adaptation

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Lattice Boltzmann Simulation of Cavitating Flows

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Communications in Computational Physics 2013年第3期13卷 685-695页

作者： giacomo Falcucci Stefano Ubertini Gino Bella Sauro Succi Department of Technologies University of Naples“Parthenope”Centro Direzionale-Isola C480143 NaplesItaly DEIM-Industrial Engineering School University of TusciaLargo dell’Universita s.n.c.01100ViterboItaly Department of Mechanical Engineering University of“Tor Vergata”Viale PolitecnicoRomeItaly Istituto per le Applicazioni del Calcolo-CNR Via dei Taurini00100 RomaItaly

The onset of cavitating conditions inside the nozzle of liquid injectors is known to play a major role on spray characteristics,especially on jet penetration and *** this work,we present a Direct Numerical Simulation(DNS)based on the Lattice Boltzmann Method(LBM)to study the fluid dynamic field inside the nozzle of a cavitating *** formation of the cavitating region is determined via a multi-phase approach based on the Shan-Chen equation of *** results obtained by the LBM simulation show satisfactory agreement with both numerical and experimental *** addition,numerical evidence of bubble break-up,following upon flow-induced cavitation,is also reported.

关键词： Lattice Boltzmann multiphase flows cavitation liquid spray nozzle

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CAR-T and CAR-NK as cellular cancer immunotherapy for solid tumors

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2024年第10期21卷 1089-1108页

作者： Lei Peng giacomo Sferruzza Luojia Yang Liqun Zhou Sidi Chen Department of Genetics Yale University School of MedicineNew HavenCTUSA System Biology Institute Yale UniversityWest HavenCTUSA Combined Program in the Biological and Biomedical Sciences Yale UniversityNew HavenCTUSA Molecular Cell Biology Geneticsand Development ProgramYale UniversityNew HavenCTUSA Immunobiology Program Yale UniversityNew HavenCTUSA Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center Yale University School of MedicineNew HavenCTUSA Department of Neurosurgery Yale University School of MedicineNew HavenCTUSA Yale Stem Cell Center Yale University School of MedicineNew HavenCTUSA Yale Liver Center Yale University School of MedicineNew HavenCTUSA Yale Center for Biomedical Data Science Yale University School of MedicineNew HavenCTUSA Yale Center for RNA Science and Medicine Yale University School of MedicineNew HavenCTUSA

In the past decade,chimeric antigen receptor(CAR)-T cell therapy has emerged as a promising immunotherapeutic approach for combating cancers,demonstrating remarkable efficacy in relapsed/refractory hematological malignancies in both pediatric and adult ***-natural killer(CAR-NK)cell complements CAR-T cell therapy by offering several distinct ***-NK cells do not require HLA compatibility and exhibit low safety ***,CAR-NK cells are conducive to“off-the-shelf”therapeutics,providing significant logistic advantages over CAR-T *** CAR-T and CAR-NK cells have shown consistent and promising results in hematological ***,their efficacy against solid tumors remains limited due to various obstacles including limited tumor trafficking and infiltration,as well as an immuno-suppressive tumor *** this review,we discuss the recent advances and current challenges of CAR-T and CAR-NK cell immunotherapies,with a specific focus on the obstacles to their application in solid *** also analyze in depth the advantages and drawbacks of CAR-NK cells compared to CAR-T cells and highlight CAR-NK CAR ***,we explore future perspectives of these adoptive immunotherapies,highlighting the increasing contribution of cutting-edge biotechnological tools in shaping the next generation of cellular immunotherapy.

关键词： CAR-T CAR-NK Cell therapy Cancer immunotherapy Solid tumor

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