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Calcium and Lead Levels in the Biological Samples and Their Effect on the Biochemical Parameters of Indoor and Outdoor Workers of Five Zonal Areas of Coal Mining Field

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American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2021年第6期12卷 260-276页

作者： Hassan Imran Afridi Qutubuddin Solangi Tasneem Gul Kazi Farah Naz Talpur Jameel Ahmed Baig ghulam qadir chanihoon ghulam Mustafa Channa National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry University of Sindh Jamshoro Pakistan

Workers of the Lakhra coal mining Sindh Pakistan were affected by a multi-factorial exposure of heavy metals. The prevalence of lead (Pb) exposures in work-related symptoms among workers of indoor and outdoor mining of Lakhra coal mining was evaluated in detail. The biological samples (scalp hair and blood) of 270 workers of Lakhra coal mining {official and control subjects} (indoor and outdoor) 18 to 55 years age group and 70 referent subjects of same age-groups were examined. The biological samples (blood and scalp hair) of workers of Lakhra coal mining and referent subjects were analyzed for calcium (Ca) and lead (Pb). Flame atomic absorption spectrometry was applied for the determination of the Ca in digested samples of studied subjects by the microwave oven whereas, the Pb contents were measured by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. The validity of the methodology was checked by using the certified human hair material (BCR 397) and lyophilized human blood (Clincheck). The results indicated the higher contents of Pb in biological samples of indoor and outdoor mining workers than referents. However, the levels of Ca were found to be lower in indoor and outdoor mining workers than those of referents. It can be concluded that immediate action should be taken by recommended authorities to improve the ventilation and hygiene practices inside the industries, mines, and other workplaces.

关键词： Essential Elements Toxic Elements Biological Samples Lakhra Coal Mining Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry

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Interaction between Cadmium and Zinc Levels in the Biological Samples of Type 1 Diabetic Mellitus Children, Reside in Different Areas of Sindh, Pakistan

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American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2021年第6期12卷 241-259页

作者： Anjum Lashari Hassan Imran Afridi Tasneem Gul Kazi Farah Naz Talpur Jameel Ahmed Baig ghulam qadir chanihoon ghulam Mustafa Channa National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry University of Sindh Jamshoro Pakistan

Type 1 Diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is one of the familiar childhood immune-mediated onsets and can lead to early mortalities and morbidities. It can arise at any stage, but the peak of occurrence is reported less than 18 years of age. T1DM cases in Pakistan were less than 2% of the total diabetic population. The current work designed to assess the concentration of cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) in blood, scalp hair and serum samples of T1DM children, age ranged 1 - 14 years of both genders. For comparison purpose, the age-matched referent subjects of both genders were tested. The microwave-assisted acid digestion procedure was used to determine the elemental analysis in the biological samples of T1DM children and referent subjects. The resulted data of certified reference material of blood, scalp hair, and serum validated the certainty of the designed method. The analysis of Zn was performed by flame atomic absorption spectrometry, while the Cd contents were determined by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. T1DM affected children of both genders have lower Zn level in the blood, scalp hair, and serum samples. Whereas, the levels of Cd were found to be higher in the biological samples of T1DM affected children as compared to referent subjects. The finding of the current study is a significant hypothesis for medical experts, to diagnose the deficiency of essential (Zn) and toxicity of heavy/toxic element (Cd) in the biological specimen of T1DM affected children.

关键词： Zinc Cadmium Biological Samples Type 1 Diabetic Mellitus Children

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Elemental Concentrations in Biological Samples of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) and Other Pulmonary Disease Patients

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American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2021年第5期12卷 162-187页

作者： Hassan Imran Afridi Tasneem Gul Kazi Farah Naz Talpur Jameel Ahmed Baig ghulam qadir chanihoon Ayaz Lashari ghulam Mustafa Channa National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry University of Sindh Jamshoro Pakistan

Background: Recently, Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been affected by the extreme acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and has developed important global health anxiety. At this time, the treatment options for this disease are only moderately successful. Smoking has been related to COVID-19 and its mortality, and it has the potential to affect bacteriological and viral conversion, clinical effects, and treatment outcomes. Methods: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between critical essential trace {zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), and copper (Cu)} and toxic {cadmium (Cd) and nickel (Ni)} elements in human biological samples such as scalp hair, serum, saliva, blood, nasal fluid, and sputum of smoking and nonsmoking male COVID-19 patients (n = 139, age range 25 - 38 years) from Hyderabad, Pakistan. For comparative purposes, the biological specimens of referent persons (n = 83), pulmonary Tuberculosis (T.B) patients (n = 67), Pneumonia (n = 56) of the same age groups were also be analyzed. Microwave oven mediated digestion method was employed, and digestion of samples was carried out with the help of 2:1 mixture solution of HNO3 (65%) and H2O2 (30%). Atomic absorption spectrometry was employed for the determination of elemental concentrations from the microwave oven employed digested samples. Results: The found average of essential elements (Zn, Fe, and Cu) in biological specimens of smoker and nonsmoker male COVID-19, T.B, and Pneumonia patients was found to lower, whilst cadmium and nickel were found to be higher when compared with samples from referents (p Conclusions: Improved elemental (Cu, Fe, Zn) concentrations may also decrease the risk of bacterial co-infection by enhancing the mucociliary clearance and respiratory epithelial barrier function, in addition to providing direct antibacterial effects against S. pneumoniae. Our findings also suggest that higher

关键词： COVID-19 Other Lung Infected Diseases Essential Trace Elements Toxic Elements Biological Samples Age Ranged 25 - 38 Years

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An AAS Dependent Method for Quantitative Analysis of Essential Trace Elements from Blood Samples of Pakistani Female Breast Cancer Patients

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Advances in Breast Cancer Research 2021年第3期10卷 44-59页

作者： ghulam qadir chanihoon Ahsanullah Unar Ayaz Ali Memon Tassadaq Hussain Jafar Huma I. Shaikh Ayesha Sani Raj Kumar Sanam Erum Soomro Muqaddas Qureshi National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry University of Sindh Jamshoro Pakistan School of Life Sciences University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China Government Postgraduate College Mandian Abbottabad Pakistan

Breast cancer is the second leading cancer in the world. The long-term exposure of some metallic compounds induces different forms of cancer, including breast cancer. Trace elements are essential metals for the physiological functions of the cell on a molecular level and also contribute in treatment of many diseases. The aim of study was to compare the level of essential trace elements, sodium, potassium, calcium, iron, and zinc in breast cancer patients with normal healthy adult women. Total forty-five patients (age range from 25 - 73 years) were included in this study and divided into three groups according to three different stages of breast cancer including tumor-II, tumor-III and tumor-IV. Blood was collected from all participants after taking history, clinical data and taking consent. However, about fifteen non-cancer healthy women in age range from 26 - 69 years were subjected to this study. The elemental concentrations were determined through atomic absorption spectrophotometer

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Burden of Care as Perceived by Informal Caregivers of the Patients Receiving Chemotherapy in Tertiary Care Hospital of Karachi, Pakistan

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Open Journal of Emergency Medicine 2020年第4期8卷 95-109页

作者： Asher Ghori Rubina Barolia Naghma Rizvi ghulam qadir Male School of Nursing Sindh Government Hospital Liaquatabad Karachi Pakistan School of Nursing and Midwifery Aga Khan University Karachi Pakistan Sindh Government Hospital Karachi Pakistan

Background: Almost 32.5 million people are diagnosed with cancer annually. The huge number of cancer patients with deteriorating health renders a far greater number of informal caregivers bearing the burden of care in different forms and magnitude. The main purpose of the study was to explore the types of burden perceived by the informal caregivers and the factors associated with the caregiving burden. Methods: A quantitative descriptive cross-sectional study design was adopted to answer the research questions from April to May 2016. Around 200 informal caregivers were recruited from one of the tertiary hospitals of Karachi, Pakistan. The modified ZBIS was used to collect data which was analyzed by using Chi-square test to find the associations between the demographic characteristics of informal caregivers and the perceived burden of care. Results: Findings of the study identified the employment status (P ≤ 0.020) and the religion of the informal caregivers (P ≤ 0.027) as significant, demographic variables. The functional level of care receivers was also found to be significant (P ≤ 0.002). The study also recognized four forms of burdens, with significant mean values, including financial (2.85), psychological (2.50), social (2.58), and physical (2.44). Most of the participants reported experiencing a moderate magnitude of burden, ranging from 40 - 60, on the scale of 0 - 80. Conclusion: The study highlighted four different forms of burdens, that is, financial, psychological, social, and physical, along with their associated demographic factors. Health care agencies and public health personnel should work with informal caregivers to reduce burden of care.

关键词： Burden of Care Informal Caregiver Chemotherapy

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玄武岩纤维和纳米材料对轻骨料混凝土力学性能影响研究

玄武岩纤维和纳米材料对轻骨料混凝土力学性能影响研究

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作者： ghulam qadir WAQAR 哈尔滨工业大学

学位级别：硕士

混凝土是当今世界应用最广的建筑材料,其中结构轻骨料混凝土(SLWAC)在相同强度下降低其密度,可以减少基础和结构构件的尺寸,从而减轻结构自重并降低成本、提高抗震能力,在大跨和高层结构中具有广泛应用价值与前景。该论文研究轻骨料混... 详细信息

混凝土是当今世界应用最广的建筑材料,其中结构轻骨料混凝土(SLWAC)在相同强度下降低其密度,可以减少基础和结构构件的尺寸,从而减轻结构自重并降低成本、提高抗震能力,在大跨和高层结构中具有广泛应用价值与前景。该论文研究轻骨料混凝土的配比设计、性能及通过掺加玄武岩纤维和纳米材料的改性方法,进行了72批次的性能测试及微观结构观测分析,主要内容如下:(1)采取膨胀页岩陶粒代替普通骨料,设计了不同配合比的结构轻骨料混凝土(SLWAC),以实现坍落度、抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度、抗折强度、剪切强度、干密度、空气含量、孔结构测定和微观结构细化的设计值。确定了粉煤灰、硅灰或矿渣替代普通硅酸盐水泥的优化比例。制备的轻骨料混凝土表观密度约为1643 kg/m3至1935 kg/m3,根据轻骨料混凝土表观密度的不同,轻骨料混凝土的强度在27.3 MPa到61.7 MPa之间变化。轻骨料混凝土的延性和弹性都发生了显著变化。在相同的抗压强度下,轻骨料混凝土与普通混凝土相比,其弹性模量显著降低并表现出明显的脆性。但是轻骨料混凝土的泊松比与普通混凝土相比变化不大。(2)纳米二氧化硅和纳米二氧化钛可以显著提高轻骨料混凝土的抗渗性。使用压汞法和SEM扫描电镜分析了其耐久性、渗透性和微观结构。在轻骨料混凝土中引入纳米材料可以显著改善低水灰比的轻骨料混凝土的耐久性。另外在特定的水灰比下,纳米二氧化硅可以优化孔结构,从而提高基体的抗渗性,纳米二氧化硅或纳米二氧化钛的添加对混凝土微观结构细化的影响提高混凝土的力学性能和长期耐久性。(3)研究了在轻骨料混凝土中掺加纤维解决其任性差的问题。研究掺加纤维对膨胀页岩为轻骨料的不同混凝土力学性能的影响,包括工作性、抗压强度、应力应变特性、抗拉强度、弹性模量和压弯韧性等等。在轻骨料混凝土中以单一或复合的形式掺加纤维,可以提高其力学性能,并显著改善其韧性、延性和吸能能力,但同时也会降低它的工作性能。对于劈裂抗拉强度和弯折强度,在轻骨料混凝土中掺加纤维明显比在普通混凝土中掺加纤维有效。

关键词：轻骨料混凝土玄武岩纤维纳米材料力学性能微观结构

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Modeling the Mangla Dam Spillway for Cavitation and Aerators Optimization

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2012年第12期4卷 1051-1060页

作者： Mohammad Rafi Akhtar Ali ghulam qadir Rafaquat Ali Asian Development Bank Manila Philippines WAPDA Model Study Cell Irrigation Research Institute Irrigation Secretariat Lahore Pakistan Water Resources Division National Engineering Services of Pakistan (NESPAK) Lahore Pakistan

This study evaluated the effects of increased reservoir conservation level by 40 ft (12.2 m), on spillway velocities;it’s discharging capacity and associated cavitation risk. The study optimized the aerators size and shape to avoid cavitations. The mathematical model was used to estimate the flow velocities and cavitation risk, when scale model study assessed the spillway discharging capacity and optimized the performance of the aerators for modified conditions. The mathematical model simulations showed increased flow velocities and damage index for modified conditions. The damage potential was 2 - 3 times higher with modifications and falls within the major to catastrophic region. The scale model study showed that discharging capacity of the spillway can effectively be restricted to original design by raising spillway crest by 5.0 ft (1.52 m). The scale model study also showed that the two aerators near sluice and at the chute with an air duct pipe of 3.0 ft diameter can improve the free surface flow profile reducing the risks of cavitation. Simulations for several configurations demonstrated clearer affect of aerators ramps on flow trajectory and gate opening. It also depicted that the height of the ramp of sluice aerator has a positive effect on the flow performance to about 7.5 inches (19 cm), when further increase in the ramp height reduced the flow performance.

关键词： Spillway Model Studies Discharging Capacity Cavitation Risk Aerators Optimization

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