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Morphometry of leaf and shoot variables to assess aboveground biomass structure and carbon sequestration by different varieties of white mulberry(Morus alba L.)

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Journal of Forestry Research 2021年第6期32卷 2291-2300页

作者： ghulam ali bajwa Muhammad Umair Yasir Nawab Zahid Rizwan Pakistan Forest Institute Peshawar 25130Pakistan National Textile University Faisalabad 37610Pakistan

Mulberry is economically important and can also play a pivotal role in mitigating greenhouse *** and shoot traits were measured for Morus alba ***,*** ***,*** ***,and *** ***-1 to assess aboveground biomass(AGB)and carbon ***-specific and multivariety allometric AGB models were developed using the equivalent diameter at breast height(EDBH)and plant height(H).The completeharvest method was used to measure leaf and shoot traits and biomass,and the ash method was used to measure organic carbon *** results showed significant(p<0.01)varietal differences in leaf and shoot traits,AGB and carbon ***-1 variety had the greatest leaf density(mean±SE:1828.3±0.3 leaves tree^(-1)),Karyansuban had the largest mean leaf area(185.94±8.95 cm^(2)).A diminishing return was found between leaf area and leaf *** had the highest shoot density per tree(46.6±1.83 shoots tree^(-1)),total shoot length(264.1±2.32 m),dry biomass(16.69±0.58 kg tree^(-1)),carbon sequestration(9.99±0.32 kg tree^(-1))and CO_(2) mitigation(36.67±1.16 kg).The variety-specific AGB models b(EDBH)and b(EDBH)2 showed good fit and reasonable accuracy with a coefficient of determination(R^(2))=0.98-0.99,standard error of estimates(SEE)=0.1125-0.3130 and root mean square error(RMSE)=*** multivariety models bln(EDBH)and(EDBH)0.756 showed good-fitness and accuracy with R^(2)=0.85-0.86,SEE=1.6231-1.6445 and RMSE=*** the basis of these findings,variety Latifolia has good potential for biomass production,and allometric equations based on EDBH can be used to estimate AGB with a reasonable accuracy.

关键词： Allometry Biomass estimation CO_(2)mitigation Moraceae Mulberry Regression models

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A note on teleparallel Killing vector fields in Bianchi type Ⅷ and Ⅸ space-times in teleparallel theory of gravitation

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Chinese Physics B 2011年第7期20卷 88-93页

作者： ghulam Shabbir Amjad ali Suhail Khan Faculty of Engineering Sciences GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and TechnologyTopiSwabiKhyber PukhtoonkhwaPakistan Department of Basic Sciences University of Engineering and TechnologyPeshawarKhyber PukhtoonkhwaPakistan

In this paper we classify Bianchi type Ⅷ and IX space-times according to their teleparallel Killing vector fields in the teleparallel theory of gravitation by using a direct integration technique. It turns out that the dimensions of the teleparallel Killing vector fields are either 4 or 5. From the above study we have shown that the Killing vector fields for Bianchi type Ⅷ and Ⅸ space-times in the context of teleparallel theory are different from that in general relativity.

关键词： WeitzenbSck geometry teleparallel theory of gravitation conservation laws

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A Note on Classification of Spatially Homogeneous Rotating Space-Times According to Their Teleparallel Killing Vector Fields in Teleparallel Theory of Gravitation

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2011年第2期55卷 268-272页

作者： ghulam Shabbir Suhail Khan Amjad ali Faculty of Engineering Sciences GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology Topi Swabi NWFP Pakistan Department of Basic Sciences and Islamiat University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar NWFP Pakistan

In this paper we classify spatially homogeneous rotating space-times according to their teleparallel Killing vector fields using direct integration *** turns out that the dimension of the teleparallel Killing vector fields is 5 or *** the case of 10 teleparallel Killing vector fields the space-time becomes Minkowski and all the torsion components are *** Killing vector fields in this case are exactly the same as in general *** the cases of 5 teleparallel Killing vector fields we get two more conservation laws in the teleparallel theory of *** we also discuss some well-known examples of spatially homogeneous rotating space-times according to their teleparallel Killing vector fields.

关键词： teleparallel killing vector fields Weitzenbock geometry torsion

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Investigation of CO2 solubility in monoethanolamine hydrochloride based deep eutectic solvents and physical properties measurements

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2020年第11期28卷 2848-2856页

作者： Khatereh ali Pishro ghulam Murshid Farouq Sabri Mjalli Jamil Naser Department of Petroleum&Chemical Engineering Sultan Qaboos UniversityMuscatOman

Deep eutectic solvents(DESs)have drawn a growing research interest for applications in a wide range of scientific and industrial ***,a limited effort has been reported in the area of gas separation processes and particularly the carbon dioxide *** study introduces a novel set of DESs that were prepared by complexing ethylenediamine(EDA),monoethanolamine(MEA),tetraethylenepentamine(TEPA),triethylenetetramine(TETA)and diethylenetriamine(DETA)as hydrogen bond donors to monoethanolamide hydrochloride(EAHC)salt as a hydrogen bond *** absorption capacity of CO2 was evaluated by exploiting a method based on measuring the pressure drop during the absorption *** solubility of different DESs was studied at a temperature of 313.15 K and initial pressure of 0.8 *** DES systems 1 EAHC:9 DETA,1 EAHC:9 TETA and 1 EAHC:9 TEPA achieved the highest CO2 solubility of 0.6611,0.6572 and 0.7017 mol CO2·(mole DES)-1 *** results showed that CO2 solubility in the DESs increased with increasing the molar ratio of hydrogen bond *** addition,the CO2 solubility increased as the number of amine groups in the solvent increases,therefore,increasing the alkyl chain length in the DESs,resulted in increasing the CO2 *** analysis confirms the DES synthesis since no new functional group was *** FTIR spectra also revealed the carbamate formation in DES-CO2 *** addition,the densities and viscosities of the synthesized DESs were also *** CO2 initial investigation of reported DESs shows that these can be potential alternative for conventional solvents in CO2 capture processes.

关键词： Greenhouse gases Deep eutectic solvents CO2 solubility Density Viscosity

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Numerical simulations of reaction-diffusion equations modeling prey-predator interaction with delay

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International Journal of Biomathematics 2018年第4期11卷 179-195页

作者： Ishtiaq ali ghulam Rasool Saleh Alrashed Department of Mathematics COMSATS Institute of Information TechnologyPark Road Chak Shahzad 44000 Islamabad Pakistan College of Computer Science and Information Technology Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University KSA

To model biological systems one often uses ordinary and partial differential equations. These equations can be quite good at approximating observed behavior, but they suffer from the downfall of containing many parameters, often signifying quantities which cannot be determined experimentally. For the better understanding of complicated phe- nomena, the delay differential equation approach to model such phenomena is becoming more and more essential to capture the rich variety of dynamics observed in natural systems. In this study, we investigated numerically the influence of delay on the dynam- ics of nonlinear reaction-diffusion equations modeling prey-predator interaction using finite difference scheme subject to appropriate initial and boundary conditions. We first consider the prey-predator with Holling type II functional response where the growth of prey is assumed to be logistic in the sense of predator in one-dimensional space. The effect of delay was investigated with the help of simulations and is compared with the model equation without delay. The proposed method is then extended to two-dimensional space.

关键词： Reaction-diffusion equations with delay prey-predator interactions Hollingtype II functional response finite difference scheme.

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A Robust Emergency Messages Routing Scheme for Urban VANETs

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第8期72卷 2617-2632页

作者： Mumtaz ali Shah Farrukh Zeeshan Khan ghulam Abbas Department of Computer Science University of Engineering and TechnologyTaxilaPakistan Telecommunications and Networking Research Center GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and TechnologyTopi23640Pakistan

Vehicular ad-hoc networks(VANETs)play an essential role in enhancing transport infrastructure by making vehicles intelligent and proficient in preventing traffic ***-based greedy protocols pick the next route vehicle for transmitting emergency messages(EMs)depending upon the present location of adjacent vehicles towards sink vehicles by using an optimal uni-directional road traffic ***,such protocols suffer performance degradation by ignoring the moving directions of vehicles in bi-directional road traffic where topological changes happen *** to the high number of vehicles,it is essential to broadcast EMs to all vehicles to prevent traffic delays and collisions.A cluster-based EM transmitting technique is proposed in this *** urban VANETs,this paper pioneers the clustering of bi-directional road traffic for robust and efficient routing of *** this regard,this paper introduces a routing protocol,namely,the bi-directional urban routing protocol(BURP).In addition to the paths and relative locations of vehicles,BURP takes account of the distance parameter by using the Hamming distance function to determine the direction ofmotion of vehicles and communicates EMs through the cluster head(CH).Amodified k-medoids algorithm is presented for the clustering of bi-directional road traffic.A median method is presented for selecting CH to ensure the longrunning of a *** results show that BURP provides enhanced throughput,a maximized packet delivery ratio,low energy consumption,and network delay relative to eminent routing protocols.

关键词： Vehicular ad hoc networks bi-directional road traffic routing protocol emergency message broadcasting direction-based greedy forwarding

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Deep Learning Framework for Precipitation Prediction Using Cloud Images

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第8期72卷 4201-4213页

作者： Mirza Adnan Baig ghulam ali Mallah Noor Ahmed Shaikh Shah Abdul Latif University Khairpur77150Pakistan

Precipitation prediction(PP)have become one of the significant research areas of deep learning(DL)and machine vision(MV)techniques are frequently used to predict the weather variables(WV).Since the climate change has left significant impact upon weather variables(WV)and continuously changes are observed in temperature,humidity,cloud patterns and other *** cloud images contain sufficient information to predict the precipitation pattern but due to changes in climate,the complex cloud patterns and rapid shape changing behavior of clouds are difficult to consider for rainfall *** of rainfall would provide more meticulous assistance to the farmers to know about the weather conditions and to care their cash *** research proposes a framework to classify the dark cloud patterns(DCP)for prediction of *** framework consists upon three steps to classify the cloud images,first step tackles noise reduction operations,feature selection and preparation of *** step construct the decision model by using convolutional neural network(CNN)and third step presents the performance visualization by using confusion matrix,precision,recall and accuracy *** research contributes(1)real-world clouds datasets(2)method to prepare datasets(3)highest classification accuracy to predict estimated as 96.90%.

关键词： Machine vision SIFT features dark cloud patterns precipitation agriculture

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Weak deflection angle and shadow cast by the charged-Kiselev black hole with cloud of strings in plasma

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Chinese Physics C 2023年第2期47卷 208-230页

作者： Farruh Atamurotov Ibrar Hussain ghulam Mustafa aliÖvgün Inha University in Tashkent Ziyolilar 9Tashkent 100170Uzbekistan Akfa University Milliy Bog'Street 264Tashkent 111221Uzbekistan National University of Uzbekistan Tashkent 100174Uzbekistan Tashkent State Technical University Tashkent 100095Uzbekistan University of Public Safety of the Republic of Uzbekistan Tashkent Region 100109Uzbekistan School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science National University of Sciences and TechnologyH-12IslamabadPakistan Department of Physics Zhejiang Normal UniversityJinhua 321004China Physics Department Eastern Mediterranean UniversityFamagusta99628 North Cyprus via Mersin 10Turkey

In this study,the gravitational deflection angle of photons in the weak field limit(or the weak deflection angle)and shadow cast by the electrically charged and spherically symmetric static Kiselev black hole(BH)in the string cloud background are *** influences of the BH charge Q,quintessence parameterγ,and string cloud parameter a on the weak deflection angle are studied using the Gauss-Bonnet *** addition to studying the influences on the radius of photon spheres and size of the BH shadow in the spacetime geometry of the chargedKiselev BH in string ***,we study the effects of plasma(uniform and non-uniform)on the weak deflection angle and shadow cast by the charged-Kiselev BH surrounded by the clouds of *** the presence of a uniform/nonuniform plasma medium,an increase in the string cloud parameter a increases the deflection angleα.In contrast,a decrease in the BH charge Q decreases the deflection ***,we observe that an increase in the BH charge Q causes a decrease in the size of the shadow of the *** notice that,with an increase in the values of the parametersγand a,the size of the BH shadow increases,and therefore,the intensity of the gravitational field around the charged-Kiselev BH in string clouds ***,the gravitational field of the charged-Kiselev BH in the string cloud background is stronger than the field produced by the pure Reissner-Nordstrom ***,we use the data released by the Event Horizon Telescope(EHT)collaboration,for the supermassive BHs M87*and Sgr A*,to obtain constraints on the values of the parametersγand a.

关键词： charged-Kiselev Black hole cloud of strings shadow weak deflection angle Gauss-Bonnet theorem plasma medium

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Effects of previous drying of sediment on root functional traits and rhizoperformance of emerged macrophytes

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2021年第6期15卷 415-432页

作者： Farasat ali ghulam Jilani Leilei Bai Chunliu Wang Linqi Tian Helong Jiang State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment Nanjing Institute of Geography and LimnologyChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Institute of Soil Science PMAS Arid Agriculture UniversityRawalpindi 46300Pakistan

Purpose of the current study was to investigate the effects of constantly wet and dried-rewetted sediments on root functional traits of emerged macrophytes and their nutrients removal *** is based on the hypothesis that root characteristics and nutrients removal abilities of plants will be altered in the course of sediment *** emerged macrophytes including two fibrous-root plants(Canna indica and Acorus calamus)and two thick-root plants(Alocasia cucullata and Aglaonema commutatum)were investigated for their root functional traits and rhizoperformance in both wet and dried-rewetted *** showed that sediment desiccation followed by rewetting substantially altered the root functional traits(root surface area,radial oxygen loss,and root activity)of plants due to adverse changes in morphological characteristics(porosity,bulk density,particle density)of dried-rewetted sediments than by wet ***,limited plants growth and removal of nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P)and dissolved organic carbon(DOC)were recorded in driedrewetted sediments and their pore water than in wet *** oxygen loss from plant roots correlated positively with root functional traits,plants growth,and removal of N,P and DOC from pore water and sediment in both sediment *** the macrophyte species,the fibrous-root plants having advantages root functional traits,greatly influenced the rhizospheric conditions(pH,dissolved oxygen and redox potential),and demonstrated higher N,P and DOC reduction from both sediment ***,the thick-rooted plants with thick diameter roots(D>1 mm)and higher rhizome exhibited longer life-span in both sediment types.

关键词： Fibrous-root macrophytes Thick-root macrophytes Nutrients removal Wet sediment Dried-rewetted sediment

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A Secure and Efficient Information Authentication Scheme for E-Healthcare System

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第9期76卷 3877-3896页

作者： Naveed Khan Jianbiao Zhang ghulam ali Mallah Shehzad Ashraf Chaudhry Faculty of Information Technology Beijing University of TechnologyBeijing100124China Department of Computer Science Shah Abdul Latif UniversityKhairpur66111Pakistan Department of Computer Engineering Faculty of Engineering ArchitectureNisantasi UniversityIstanbul34398Turkey

The mobile cellular network provides internet connectivity for heterogeneous Internet of Things(IoT)*** cellular network consists of several towers installed at appropriate locations within a smart *** cellular towers can be utilized for various tasks,such as e-healthcare systems,smart city surveillance,traffic monitoring,infrastructure surveillance,or sidewalk *** is a primary concern in data broadcasting,particularly authentication,because the strength of a cellular network’s signal is much higher frequency than the associated one,and their frequencies can sometimes be aligned,posing a significant *** a result,that requires attention,and without information authentication,such a barrier cannot be ***,we design a secure and efficient information authentication scheme for IoT-enabled devices tomitigate the flaws in the e-healthcare *** proposed protocol security shall check formally using the Real-or-Random(ROR)model,simulated using ProVerif2.03,and informally using pragmatic *** comparison,the performance phenomenon shall tackle by the already result available in the MIRACL cryptographic lab.

关键词： IoT-enable device e-healthcare authentication edge computing

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