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Hybrid millimeter wave heterogeneous networks with spatially correlated user equipment

Digital Communications and Networks 2024年第4期10卷 904-917页

作者： Arif Ullah Ziaul Haq abbas ghulam abbas Fazal Muhammad Jae-Mo Kang Department of Computer Engineering College of IT ConvergenceChosun UniversityGwangju61452South Korea Faculty of Electrical Engineering GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and TechnologyTopi23640Pakistan Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and TechnologyTopi23640Pakistan Department of Electrical Engineering University of Engineering and TechnologyMardan23200Pakistan Department of Artificial Intelligence Kyungpook National UniversityDaegu41566South Korea

In this paper,we analyze a hybrid Heterogeneous Cellular Network(HCNet)framework by deploying millimeter Wave(mmWave)small cells with coexisting traditional sub-6GHz macro cells to achieve improved coverage and high data *** consider randomly-deployed macro base stations throughout the network whereas mmWave Small Base Stations(SBSs)are deployed in the areas with high User Equipment(UE)*** user centric deployment of mmWave SBSs inevitably incurs correlation between UE and *** a realistic scenario where the UEs are distributed according to Poisson cluster process and directional beamforming with line-of-sight and non-line-of-sight transmissions is adopted for mmWave *** using tools from stochastic geometry,we develop an analytical framework to analyze various performance metrics in the downlink hybrid HCNets under biased received power *** UE clustering we considered Thomas cluster process and derive expressions for the association probability,coverage probability,area spectral efficiency,and energy *** also provide Monte Carlo simulation results to validate the accuracy of the derived ***,we analyze the impact of mmWave operating frequency,antenna gain,small cell biasing,and BSs density to get useful engineering insights into the performance of hybrid mmWave *** results show that network performance is significantly improved by deploying millimeter wave SBS instead of microwave BS in hot spots.

关键词： Downlink cell association Heterogeneous cellular networks Integrated sub-6GHz and mmWave networks Millimeter wave communications Poisson cluster process

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Directional mechanical and thermal properties of single-layer black phosphorus by classical molecular dynamics

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Chinese Physics B 2018年第1期27卷 535-540页

作者： Afira Maryam ghulam abbas Muhammad Rashid Atif Sattar Department of Physics Riphah International University Department of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Research Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chonbuk National University Department of Physics COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Department of Physics Simulation Laboratory The Islamia University of Bahawalpur

Black phosphorus （BP） has received attention due to its own higher carrier mobility and layer dependent electronic properties, such as direct band gap. Interestingly, the single layer black phosphorus （SLBP） has had large popularity in applications related to thermoelectric, optoelectronic, and electronic devices. Here, we investigate the phonon spectrum, thermal conductivities, and stress strain effects. Robust anisotropy was mainly observed in the thermal conductivities together with the alongside zigzag （ZZ） direction value, compared to the armchair （AC） directions. We also investigated the attitude of stress that was anisotropic in both directions, and the stress effects were two times greater across the ZZ path than those in the AC direction at a low temperature. We obtained a ~oung＇s modulus of 63.77 and 20.74 GPa in the AC and ZZ directions, respectively, for a strain range of 0.01. These results had good agreement with first principle calculations. Our study here is useful and significant for the thermal tuning of phosphorus-based nanoelectronics and thermalelectric applications of phosphorus.

关键词： electric and thermal conductivity molecular dynamics methods carbon/carbon-based materials

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Recent Advances and Challenges Toward Application of Fibers and Textiles in Integrated Photovoltaic Energy Storage Devices

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Nano-Micro Letters 2023年第3期15卷 190-247页

作者： Amjid Rafique Isabel Ferreira ghulam abbas Ana Catarina Baptista CENIMAT|I3N Department of Materials ScienceSchool of Science and TechnologyNOVA University LisbonCampus de Caparica2829‑516 CaparicaPortugal

Flexible microelectronic devices have seen an increasing trend toward development of miniaturized,portable,and integrated devices as wearable electronics which have the requirement for being light weight,small in dimension,and *** three-dimensional(3D)and two-dimensional(2D)electronics gadgets fail to effectively comply with these necessities owing to their stiffness and large *** have come up with a new family of one-dimensional(1D)flexible and fiber-based electronic devices(FBEDs)comprising power storage,energy-scavenging,implantable sensing,and flexible displays ***,development and manufacturing are still a challenge owing to their small radius,flexibility,low weight,weave ability and integration in textile *** paper will provide a detailed review on the importance of substrates in electronic devices,intrinsic property requirements,fabrication classification and applications in energy harvesting,energy storage and other flexible electronic ***-and textile-based electronic devices for bulk/scalable fabrications,encapsulation,and testing are reviewed and presented future research ideas to enhance the commercialization of these fiber-based electronics devices.

关键词： Flexible electronics Electronic textiles Energy harvesting Supercapacitors Photovoltaic devices

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IRS-enabled NOMA communication systems:A network architecture primer with future trends and challenges

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Digital Communications and Networks 2024年第5期10卷 1503-1528页

作者： Haleema Sadia Ahmad Kamal Hassan Ziaul Haq abbas ghulam abbas Muhammad Waqas Zhu Han Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications and Networking (TeleCoN) Research Center Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering and Technology (GIKI) Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering GIKI Department of Computer Engineering College of Information Technology University of Bahrain School of Engineering Edith Cowan University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Houston Department of Computer Science and Engineering Kyung Hee University

Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access(NOMA) has already proven to be an effective multiple access scheme for5th Generation(5G) wireless *** provides improved performance in terms of system throughput,spectral efficiency,fairness,and energy efficiency(EE).However,in conventional NOMA networks,performance degradation still exists because of the stochastic behavior of wireless *** combat this challenge,the concept of Intelligent Reflecting Surface(IRS) has risen to prominence as a low-cost intelligent solution for Beyond 5G(B5G) *** this paper,a modeling primer based on the integration of these two cutting-edge technologies,i.e.,IRS and NOMA,for B5G wireless networks is *** in-depth comparative analysis of IRS-assisted Power Domain(PD)-NOMA networks is provided through 3-fold ***,a primer is presented on the system architecture of IRS-enabled multiple-configuration PD-NOMA systems,and parallels are drawn with conventional network configurations,i.e.,conventional NOMA,Orthogonal Multiple Access(OMA),and IRS-assisted OMA *** by this,a comparative analysis of these network configurations is showcased in terms of significant performance metrics,namely,individual users' achievable rate,sum rate,ergodic rate,EE,and outage ***,for multi-antenna IRS-enabled NOMA networks,we exploit the active Beamforming(BF) technique by employing a greedy algorithm using a state-of-the-art branch-reduceand-bound(BRB) *** optimality of the BRB algorithm is presented by comparing it with benchmark BF techniques,i.e.,minimum-mean-square-error,zero-forcing-BF,and ***,we present an outlook on future envisioned NOMA networks,aided by IRSs,i.e.,with a variety of potential applications for 6G wireless *** work presents a generic performance assessment toolkit for wireless networks,focusing on IRS-assisted NOMA *** comparative analysis provides a solid foundation for

关键词： Intelligent reflecting surface Non-orthogonal multiple access 6G Beamforming Sum rate Energy efficiency

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A Robust Emergency Messages Routing Scheme for Urban VANETs

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第8期72卷 2617-2632页

作者： Mumtaz Ali Shah Farrukh Zeeshan Khan ghulam abbas Department of Computer Science University of Engineering and TechnologyTaxilaPakistan Telecommunications and Networking Research Center GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and TechnologyTopi23640Pakistan

Vehicular ad-hoc networks(VANETs)play an essential role in enhancing transport infrastructure by making vehicles intelligent and proficient in preventing traffic ***-based greedy protocols pick the next route vehicle for transmitting emergency messages(EMs)depending upon the present location of adjacent vehicles towards sink vehicles by using an optimal uni-directional road traffic ***,such protocols suffer performance degradation by ignoring the moving directions of vehicles in bi-directional road traffic where topological changes happen *** to the high number of vehicles,it is essential to broadcast EMs to all vehicles to prevent traffic delays and collisions.A cluster-based EM transmitting technique is proposed in this *** urban VANETs,this paper pioneers the clustering of bi-directional road traffic for robust and efficient routing of *** this regard,this paper introduces a routing protocol,namely,the bi-directional urban routing protocol(BURP).In addition to the paths and relative locations of vehicles,BURP takes account of the distance parameter by using the Hamming distance function to determine the direction ofmotion of vehicles and communicates EMs through the cluster head(CH).Amodified k-medoids algorithm is presented for the clustering of bi-directional road traffic.A median method is presented for selecting CH to ensure the longrunning of a *** results show that BURP provides enhanced throughput,a maximized packet delivery ratio,low energy consumption,and network delay relative to eminent routing protocols.

关键词： Vehicular ad hoc networks bi-directional road traffic routing protocol emergency message broadcasting direction-based greedy forwarding

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Structure inversion asymmetry enhanced electronic structure and electrical transport in 2D A3SnO(A=Ca,Sr,and Ba)antiperovskite monolayers

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Nano Research 2023年第1期16卷 1779-1791页

作者： Syed Muhammad Alay-e-abbas ghulam abbas Waqas Zulfiqar Muhammad Sajjad Nirpendra Singh J.Andreas Larsson Applied Physics Division of Materials ScienceDepartment of Engineering Sciences and MathematicsLuleåUniversity of Technology97187 LuleåSweden Computational Materials Modeling Laboratory Department of PhysicsGovernment College UniversityFaisalabad 38040Pakistan Department of Energy Conversion and Storage Technical University of Denmark2800 Kgs.LyngbyDenmark Department of Physics Khalifa University of Science and TechnologyAbu Dhabi-127788United Arab Emirates Center for Catalysis and Separation(CeCaS) Khalifa University of Science and TechnologyAbu Dhabi-127788United Arab Emirates

Anti-perovskites A3SnO(A=Ca,Sr,and Ba)are an important class of materials due to the emergence of Dirac cones and tiny mass gaps in their band structures originating from an intricate interplay of crystal symmetry,spin–orbit coupling,and band *** provides an exciting playground for modulating their electronic properties in the two-dimensional(2D)***,we employ first-principles density functional theory(DFT)calculations by combining dispersion-corrected SCAN+rVV10 and mBJ functionals for a comprehensive side-by-side comparison of the structural,thermodynamic,dynamical,mechanical,electronic,and thermoelectric properties of bulk and monolayer(one unit cell thick)A3SnO *** results show that 2D monolayers derived from bulk A3SnO anti-perovskites are structurally and energetically ***,Rashba-type splitting in the electronic structure of Ca3SnO and Sr3SnO monolayers is observed owing to strong spin–orbit coupling and inversion *** the other hand,monolayer Ba3SnO exhibits Dirac cone at the high-symmetryΓpoint due to the domination of band *** on the predicted electronic transport properties,it is shown that inversion asymmetry plays an essential character such that the monolayers Ca3SnO and Sr3SnO outperform thermoelectric performance of their bulk counterparts.

关键词： electrical transport anti-perovskites low-dimensional materials electronic structure mechanical properties

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Physical Layer Authentication Using Ensemble Learning Technique in Wireless Communications

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第12期73卷 4489-4499页

作者： Muhammad Waqas Shehr Bano Fatima Hassan Shanshan Tu ghulam abbas Ziaul Haq abbas Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Perception and Autonomous Control Faculty of Information TechnologyBeijing University of TechnologyBeijing100124China Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and TechnologyTopi23460Pakistan School of Engineering Edith Cowan UniversityJoondalup Perth6027WA Australia Faculty of Electrical Engineering GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and TechnologyTopi23460Pakistan

Cyber-physical wireless systems have surfaced as an important data communication and networking research *** is an emerging discipline that allows effective monitoring and efficient real-time communication between the cyber and physical worlds by embedding computer software and integrating communication and networking *** to their high reliability,sensitivity and connectivity,their security requirements are more comparable to the Internet as they are prone to various security threats such as eavesdropping,spoofing,botnets,man-in-the-middle attack,denial of service(DoS)and distributed denial of service(DDoS)and *** methods use physical layer authentication(PLA),themost promising solution to detect ***,the cyber-physical systems(CPS)have relatively large computational requirements and require more communication resources,thus making it impossible to achieve a low latency *** methods perform well but only in stationary *** have extracted the relevant features from the channel matrices using discrete wavelet transformation to improve the computational time required for data processing by considering mobile *** features are fed to ensemble learning algorithms,such as AdaBoost,LogitBoost and Gentle Boost,to classify *** authentication of the received signal is considered a binary classification *** transmitted data is labeled as legitimate information,and spoofing data is illegitimate ***,this paper proposes a threshold-free PLA approach that uses machine learning algorithms to protect critical data from spoofing *** detects the malicious data packets in stationary scenarios and detects them with high accuracy when receivers are *** proposed model achieves better performance than the existing approaches in terms of accuracy and computational time by decreasing the processing time.

关键词： Physical layer authentication machine learning cyber-physical systems security

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MMSE-CoSaMP Compressive Sensing Based Multi-User Detection For Uplink Grant Free NOMA System

MMSE-CoSaMP Compressive Sensing Based Multi-User Detection F...

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作者： ghulam abbas 华南理工大学

学位级别：硕士

The main challenges for massive wireless communication in 5G system are to support random access for massive users and to control signaling overhead and data processing ***-Orthogonal Multiple Access（NOMA）is the most prominent technology that enhances massive connectivity and spectral efficiency in 5G cellular communication by utilizing the power domain and Advance *** provides services to the multi-users in time,frequency and code domain with significant power *** Passing Algorithm（MPA）detection in multi-user uplink grant-free system requires user activity information at receiver that makes it impractical because in Uplink grant-free System user can randomly enter or leave the system without giving the information to the Base Station（BS）.To circumvent this problem,MPA is jointly used with Compressive Sampling Matching Pursuit（CoSaMP）based detection which not only detects the user activity but also the signal *** most difficult task is to find the position of the non-zero data for mapping the non-zero elements effectively,CoSaMP is used,its complexity is lower as compare to others and excellent robustness to noise,so that the user activity can be detected with high *** CoSaMP,the strongest components of the original sparse signal are identified in an iterative manner,However,Compressive Sampling Matching pursuit（CoSaMP）algorithm uses Zero forcing（ZF）detector to estimate the signal but its performance degrades with increasing Signal to Noise Ratio（SNR）because the ZF has drawback to enhancement of the ***,Minimum Mean Square Error（MMSE）detector in CoSaMP algorithm is deployed because MMSE decrease mean error in this Thesis that enhances detection accuracy and Bit Error Rate（BER）*** simulation results validate that proposed algorithm attains better performance than MPA and conventional CoSaMP algorithm in high SNR.

关键词： MMSE-CoSaMP 多用户检测压缩感知稀疏信号无授权NOMA

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Return and Volatility Connectedness between Stock Markets and Macroeconomic Factors in the G-7 Countries

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2019年第1期28卷 1-36页

作者： ghulam abbas Shawkat Hammoudeh Syed Jawad Hussain Shahzad Shouyang Wang Yunjie Wei School of Economics and Management University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China Sukkur Institute of Business Administration Sukkur Sindh-65200 Pakistan Lebow College of Business Drexel University Philadelphia United States Energy and Sustainable Development (ESD) Montpellier Business School Montpellier France Energy and Sustainable Development (ESD) Montpellier Business School Montpellier France Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China Center for Forecasting Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China

We examine the relationship between return and volatility of the stock markets and macroeconomic fundamentals for the G-7 countries by using monthly data ranging from July 1985 to June 2015. To meet this end, we apply the spillover index approach based on the generalized VAR framework developed by Diebold and Yilmaz (2012, 2014). The empirical analysis shows strong interactions between the returns and volatilities of the G-7 stock markets and the considered set of corresponding macroeconomic factors including industrial production, money supply, interest rates, inflation, oil prices and exchange rates. The return and volatility spillover transmission/reception dynamics of the relationships between these stock markets and the macroeconomic fundamentals have changed after the global financial crisis of 2008. Our findings provide useful insights for investors and policy makers concerned with the unprecedented swings in the stock markets of G-7 countries.

关键词： G-7 return volatility connectedness macroeconomic factors generalized VAR

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Comprehensive Utility Function for Resource Allocation in Mobile Edge Computing

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第2期66卷 1461-1477页

作者： Zaiwar Ali Sadia Khaf Ziaul Haq abbas ghulam abbas Lei Jiao Amna Irshad Kyung Sup Kwak Muhammad Bilal Telecommunications and Networking(TeleCoN)Research Laboratory GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and TechnologyTopi23640Pakistan Faculty of Electrical Engineering GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and TechnologyTopi23640Pakistan Faculty of Computer Sciences and Engineering GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and TechnologyTopi23640Pakistan Department of Information and Communication Technology University of Agder(UiA)Grimstad4898Norway Department of Information and Communication Engineering Inha UniversityIncheon22212Korea Department of Computer and Electronics Systems Engineering Hankuk University of Foreign StudiesGyeonggi-do17035Korea

In mobile edge computing(MEC),one of the important challenges is how much resources of which mobile edge server(MES)should be allocated to which user equipment(UE).The existing resource allocation schemes only consider CPU as the requested resource and assume utility for MESs as either a random variable or dependent on the requested CPU *** paper presents a novel comprehensive utility function for resource allocation in *** utility function considers the heterogeneous nature of applications that a UE offloads to *** proposed utility function considers all important parameters,including CPU,RAM,hard disk space,required time,and distance,to calculate a more realistic utility value for ***,we improve upon some general algorithms,used for resource allocation in MEC and cloud computing,by considering our proposed utility *** name the improved versions of these resource allocation schemes as comprehensive resource allocation *** UE requests are modeled to represent the amount of resources requested by the UE as well as the time for which the UE has requested these *** utility function depends upon the UE requests and the distance between UEs and MES,and serves as a realistic means of comparison between different types of UE ***(or selecting)an optimal MES with the optimal amount of resources to be allocated to each UE request is a challenging *** show that MES resource allocation is sub-optimal if CPU is the only resource *** taking into account the other resources,i.e.,RAM,disk space,request time,and distance in the utility function,we demonstrate improvement in the resource allocation algorithms in terms of service rate,utility,and MES energy consumption.

关键词： Cloud computing energy efficient resource allocation mobile edge computing service rate user equipment utility function

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