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Journal of Environmental Protection 2021年第12期12卷 1102-1127页

作者： Marcelo Montaño ghislain mwamba tshibangu Anne Caroline Malvestio Sao Carlos School of Engineering University of Sao Paulo Sao Carlos Brazil Impact Assessment Agency of Canada Quebec Canada Federal University of Uberlandia Uberlandia Brazil

To date, an important debate regarding the use of Strategic Environmental Assessment in policy and plan-making seems to focus on whether to reform or develop SEA regulations. Despite the well-established theoretic relevance of legislation, there is only little empiric evidence, moreover in developing countries. This paper aims to verify the contributions of new regulations to a proper use of SEA, based on the case of the Democratic Republic of Congo. Both the SEA practice previously to the legislation reform and the newly introduced SEA system established by the new regulation were characterized. The new regulation was verified against the previous practice of SEA within the country and the compliance with international performance criteria. The outcomes suggest that the overall quality of SEA documentation is still in need of major improvements. Gaps include alternatives development and impacts monitoring. The biggest performance limitations of the new regulation are related to the length of SEA processes, public consultation, SEA information to provide, and alternatives to consider. Finally, it is suggested that regulation reform or straightforward adoption might not be enough to support an effective use of SEA.

关键词： SEA Systems Effectiveness Regulation Developing Countries Democratic Republic of Congo

Investigating Non-Compliance with COVID-19 Vaccination through Hesitancy, Refusal, and Access Limitation: A Community-Based Survey from the Democratic Republic of the Congo

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第9期12卷 280-306页

作者： Nestor Kalala-Tshituka Alain Cimuanga-Mukanya Alain Yamba Mukendi Faustin Ndjibu Mpoji ghislain Disashi-Tumba Joris Losimba Likwela Nadine Kayiba Kalenda Evariste tshibangu-Kabamba Department of Public Health Faculty of Medicine Pharmacy and Public Health University of Mbujimayi Mbuji-Mayi Democratic Republic of the Congo Department of Public Health Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy University of Kisangani Kisangani Democratic Republic of the Congo Department of Internal Medicine Faculty of Medicine Pharmacy and Public Health University of Mbujimayi Mbuji-Mayi Democratic Republic of the Congo Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine Faculty of Medicine Oita University Oita Japan Research Institute of Health and Society Catholic University of Louvain Brussels Belgium

Introduction: Vaccination plays a pivotal role in mitigating the repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, vaccination campaigns encounter obstacles, especially in developing countries like the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). This study aimed at investigating the roles of vaccine hesitancy, refusal, and access barriers, while identifying individual-level factors associated with non-vaccination in Mbujimayi, DRC. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in three health districts and included 1496 residents. Attitudes and behaviors related to seeking COVID-19 vaccination were assessed using a standardized questionnaire. Hierarchical logistic regression modeling was used to assess factors potentially affecting non-compliance with vaccination. Results: Among participants (median age = 33, IQR = 23.3, M/F sex ratio = 0.7), 60% displayed misconceptions about COVID-19 or its vaccine, while only 35.2% perceived COVID-19 as a significant health threat. Vaccination coverage was estimated at 49.1% (95% CI: 47.5;52.6), with 71.8% of vaccinated individuals having received one dose. Among the unvaccinated individuals, 50.9% expressed no intention to be vaccinated in the future, citing hesitation (30.4%) or refusal (39.6%) mainly due to side effects or distrust of vaccines. Conversely, 32.7% of the unvaccinated persons expressed access barriers despite willingness to be vaccinated. Misconceptions about COVID-19 and its vaccines were the main drivers of vaccination non-compliance. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate significant vaccine non-compliance driven by hesitancy, refusal, and access barriers. Strategies to enhance vaccination coverage and pandemic preparedness should address misconceptions, sociodemographic barriers, and geographic disparities.

关键词： COVID-19 Vaccination Non-Observance Community Democratic Republic of the Congo

Optimum insulation thickness and exergy savings of building walls in Bamenda: a comparative analysis

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Energy Storage and Saving 2024年第1期3卷 60-70页

作者： Fodoup Cyrille Vincelas Fohagui Yemeli Wenceslas Kohole Njimboh Henry Alombah Derek Ajesam Asoh ghislain Tchuen Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering College of TechnologyThe University of BamendaP.O.Box 39BambiliCameroon Department of Energetic Environment and Thermal EngineeringIUT-FV BandjounUR-ISIEUniversity of DschangP.O.Box 134BandjounCameroon National Higher Polytechnic Institute and Higher Technical Teacher Training College The University of BamendaP.O.Box 39BambiliCameroon

The goal of this study is to examine the energetic,entransy,and exergetic methodologies employed to estimate the ideal insulation thickness for construction walls in terms of cost and ecological *** achieve these goals,the life cycle cost analysis-based insulating thicknesses of the various methods are evaluated along with the overall costs,yearly cost reductions,and total *** fuel consumption,CO_(2) emissions,and ecological effects are then compared using an environmental analysis based on the three *** savings of hollow concrete brick(HCB),compressed stabilized earth brick(CSEB),and sundried earth brick(SEB)walls are evaluated along with the insulation thicknesses in terms of cost and ecological *** a result,it is determined that the exergetic technique is better suited for optimizing insulating *** CSEB,SEB,and HCB walls,the economic ideal insulation thicknesses are 0.01 m,0.016 m,and 0.02 m,with yearly financial savings of 5$⋅m^(-2),7.5$⋅m^(-2),and 9$⋅m^(-2).For CSEB,SEB,and HCB walls,accordingly,the ecological optimal insulation thicknesses are 0.023 m,0.032 m,and 0.040 m,with net savings of exergetic ecological impact equal to 59 mPts⋅m^(-2),55 mPts⋅m^(-2),and 51 mPts⋅m^(-2).

关键词： Insulation thickness Environmental impact Entransy Exergy Exergoeconomic

Theoretical Assessment of Environmental Factors and Untreated Infectious Individuals in the Transmission Dynamics of Buruli ulcer

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Applied Mathematics 2024年第8期15卷 477-498页

作者： Codjo Cesaire Yadouleton Myriam Djoukwe Tapi Judicael Deguenon ghislain Emmanuel Sopoh International Chair in Mathematical Physics and Applications University of Abomey-Calavi Abomey-Calavi Benin Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Faculty of Science University of Douala Douala Cameroon Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi University of Abomey-Calavi Abomey-Calavi Benin Regional Institute for Public Health University of Abomey-Calavi Abomey-Calavi Benin

Buruli ulcer is the third most common mycobacterial disease worldwide, posing a significant public health burden, especially in impoverished regions of West and Central Africa, such as Benin. The management of Buruli ulcer (BU) in Africa is often hindered by limited resources, delays in treatment, and inadequate medical facilities. Additionally, a portion of the population does not seek hospital care, which facilitates the continued presence of the pathogen in the environment. This paper aims to investigate the role of environmental factors in the transmission of Buruli ulcer. We develop a mathematical model to describe the dynamics of Buruli ulcer transmission, incorporating the presence of the bacterium in the environment. Theoretical results are presented to demonstrate that the model is well-posed. We compute the equilibria, including the disease-free equilibrium and the endemic equilibrium, and study their stability. To achieve this, we derive a threshold parameter called the basic reproduction number ℛ0, which determines whether the disease will persist in a human population. If ℛ0is less than one, the disease will eventually die out;if ℛ0is greater than one, the disease will persist. Sensitivity analysis is performed to understand the impact of various parameters on the dynamics of Buruli ulcer transmission and to identify the parameters that influence the basic reproduction number ℛ0. Finally, numerical simulations are conducted to validate the theoretical results obtained from the mathematical analysis.

关键词： Buruli Ulcer Mathematical Models Equilibria Stability

Male and Female Hypogonadisms: Etiological, Metabolic and Osteodensitometric Aspects

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Open Journal of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases 2024年第2期14卷 39-52页

作者： Nestor ghislain Andzouana Mbamognoua Ikram Damoune Sana Doubi Asmae Lahlou Farida Ajdi Department of Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Brazzaville University Hospital Brazzaville Republic of the Congo Faculty of Health Sciences Marien Ngouabi University Brazzaville Republic of Congo Department of Endocrinology Metabolic Diseases Hassan II University Hospital of Fez Fez Morocco

Introduction: Studies showed a high prevalence of metabolic abnormalities including dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes in cases of low testosterone in men and which are associated with increased cardiovascular risk. Hypogonadism represents the second cause of endocrine osteoporosis. Objectives: The objectives of our work were: to determine the main causes of hypogonadism in women and men;to assess the frequency of metabolic and osteosdensitometric abnormalities in the hypogonadal population. Patients and methods: A retrospective descriptive study was carried out over 7 years on 120 patients, hospitalized in the Endocrinology department of the Hassan II University Hospital of Fez-Morocco for hypogonadism. The patients selected were those who had symptoms of hypogonadism confirmed in men by: low total testosterone for Tanner stage in adolescents, ng/ml or lower limit of normal for adults;in women, hypoestrogenia 30 pg/l. Gonadotropin dosage, karyotype, pelvic or testicular ultrasound and pituitary MRI, for etiological diagnosis, were performed. Bone densitometry was performed for bone impact and lipid profile for metabolic profile. Results: Out of 120 patients, there were 77 women and 43 men. The average age was 31.51 years. In men, the main causes were central hypogonadism in 67.4% and primary testicular failure in 32.6%. In women, central hypogonadism was also the most common cause noted in 63.7% and premature ovarian failure was observed in 36.4%. HypoHDL was significantly more frequent p (0.005) in women, osteopenia and osteoporosis were significantly more frequent in women than in men p (0.046). Conclusion: Central causes represent the most common etiology of hypogonadism in both sexes;abnormalities of bone mineralization and metabolic disorders were predominant in women.

关键词： Hypogonadism Etiological Metabolic Osteodensitometric Fez

Cholera Recurrence within Benin Littoral County: Analysis of Epidemics from 2008, 2016 to 2023

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2024年第2期14卷 353-365页

作者： Mongbo Virginie Avahoun Valentin Agbomakouzo Evariste Sopoh ghislain Aguemon Badirou Ouendo Edgard-Marius Regional Institute of Public Health Ministry of Public health of Benin Cotonou B&#233ninBenin Faculty of Health Sciences University of Abomey-Calavi Abomey-Calavi Benin

Introduction: Cholera is an acute diarrheal infection caused by the bacillus Vibrio cholerae, which can be fatal in a few hours if left untreated. It rages in endemic-epidemic mode in several countries, including Benin. Despite being the economic capital, the largest city in Benin and the most urbanized municipality in the country, the Littoral County, confounded with the city of Cotonou, is subject to recurrent epidemics. This paper aims to analyze successive cholera epidemics with a view of highlighting the factors contributing to this recurrence. Methods: A secondary analysis was done of the cholera-related databases of the County health office from 2016 to 2023, and its Situation Report No. 79 of December 7th, 2016, to describe the 2016 epidemic. Database data were analyzed in Excel. Results: Similarly to 2008, the 2016 cholera epidemic in Cotonou, which recorded 519 cases and 07 deaths, i.e. a case-fatality rate of 1.35%, spread to the town and six neighboring municipalities. The municipality of So-Ava, home to the index case, had the highest overall attack rate. The two epidemics share the same period of severity. Both epidemic and endemic cases are concentrated in the first seven boroughs of Cotonou, located on the lagoon shore, with low levels of hygiene and sanitation and a poor supply of drinking water. Conclusion: Low levels of hygiene, sanitation and drinking water supply all play a part in the recurrence of cholera epidemics. Sanitation work. Undertaken by the Beninese government is a ray of hope for improving this situation. Meanwhile, public awareness of hygiene measures must continue.

关键词： Recurrence Cholera Cotonou

Noninvasive Respiratory Strategies in Patients with Acute Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure and COVID-19 in Gabon: A Prospective Observational Study

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Open Journal of Emergency Medicine 2024年第1期12卷 18-27页

作者： ghislain Edjo Nkilly Raphael Okoue Ondo Fernande Manga Stéphane Oliveira Jean Marcel Mandji-Lawson Romain Tchoua Department of Emergency Anesthesia Resuscitation Omar Bongo Ondimba Army Training Hospital Libreville Gabon Department of Anesthesia and Resuscitation Libreville University Hospital Center Libreville Gabon Department of Anesthesia and Resuscitation Akanda Army Training Hospital Libreville Gabon

Importance: The best respiratory support technique to reduce intubation and mortality in patients with respiratory failure due to COVID-19 is controversial. Objective: To determine the respiratory support technique that could reduce the need for tracheal intubation and mortality in patients with respiratory failure due to COVID-19 admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) of Military’s Hospital (HIAOBO) in Gabon. Design, Setting, and Participants-Methodology: Prospective observational study over 10 months (January 2021-October 2021). We included patients admitted to intensive care for SARS Cov2 pneumonia who had benefited from available ventilatory support: high concentration face mask, High Flow Nasal cannula (HFNC), NIV (Non Invasive Ventilation), Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP). The choice was guided by the clinical condition, and the choice of the prescribing physicians. Recourse to mechanical ventilation was decided when faced with a Glasgow score of less than 13, an SpO2/FiO2 ratio ≤ 300, a FR ≥ 35/min, the impossibility of drainage of secretions. Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary outcome was the proportion of patients requiring intubation. The secondary outcomes were mortality in ICU. Results: The sample included 97 patients, the average age was55.6 years, hypertension was the main comorbidity (51.1%). Mean respiratory rate (RR) was 30.8 cycles/min, admission SpO2 was 83%, respiratory alkalosis was present in 63% of patients, mean CT involvement was 51%.Respiratory support was NIV (56.7%), CPAP (21.65%), high concentration face mask (18.55%). Sixteen percent (16%) of patients were intubated, 93% of them following failure of NIV. Mortality was 30%, mechanical ventilation was an independent risk factor for mortality. Conclusions: Non Invasive Ventilation, CPAP, and high-concentration face mask were frequently used in patients with COVID-related acute respiratory failure. The CPAP has reduced the need for intubation. Mechanic

关键词： Respiratory Failure COVID 19-Intensive Care Units Military Hospital Gabon

Cameroon Climate Predictions Using the SARIMA-LSTM Machine Learning Model: Adjustment of a Climate Model for the Sudano-Sahelian Zone of Cameroon

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Open Journal of Statistics 2024年第3期14卷 394-411页

作者： Joseph Armathé Amougou Isidore Séraphin Ngongo Patrick Forghab Mbomba Romain Armand Soleil Batha Paul ghislain Poum Bimbar Dpartement de Gographie Universit de Yaound 1 Yaound Cameroon Observatoire National sur les Changements Climatiques (ONACC) Yaound Cameroon Laboratoire dAnalyse et Modlisation Multidisciplinaire Statistique (SAMM) Universit de Paris 1 Panthon Sorbonne Paris France Ecole Nationale Suprieure Polytechnique de Yaound 1 Yaound Cameroon Dpartement de Mathmatiques Ecole Normale Suprieure de Yaound Yaound Cameroon Dpartement dInformatique Universit de Yaound 1 Yaound Cameroon

It is acknowledged today within the scientific community that two types of actions must be considered to limit global warming: mitigation actions by reducing GHG emissions, to contain the rate of global warming, and adaptation actions to adapt societies to Climate Change, to limit losses and damages [1] [2]. As far as adaptation actions are concerned, numerical simulation, due to its results, its costs which require less investment than tests carried out on complex mechanical structures, and its implementation facilities, appears to be a major step in the design and prediction of complex mechanical systems. However, despite the quality of the results obtained, biases and inaccuracies related to the structure of the models do exist. Therefore, there is a need to validate the results of this SARIMA-LSTM-digital learning model adjusted by a matching approach, “calculating-test”, in order to assess the quality of the results and the performance of the model. The methodology consists of exploiting two climatic databases (temperature and precipitation), one of which is in-situ and the other spatial, all derived from grid points. Data from the dot grids are processed and stored in specific formats and, through machine learning approaches, complex mathematical equations are worked out and interconnections within the climate system established. Through this mathematical approach, it is possible to predict the future climate of the Sudano-Sahelian zone of Cameroon and to propose adaptation strategies.

关键词： Adjustment Calibration Climate Sudano-Sahelian Zone Numerical Model

Birds’Diversity in Kalfou Forest Reserve and Its Peripheral Zone, Far North, Cameroon

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2024年第2期14卷 137-155页

作者： ghislain Noé Kougoum Piebeng Simon A. Tamungang Daksala Wansang Jean Tonleu Laurentine Soufo Muhammad Bilal Awa II Taku Alexis Teguia Department of Biological Sciences Faculty of Science University of Maroua Maroua Cameroon Department of Animal Biology Faculty of Science University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon Department of Forestry and Wildlife Technology College of Technology University of Bamenda Bamenda Cameroon Department of Environmental Sciences Higher Polytechnical Training School University of Maroua Maroua Cameroon Department of Biology Virtual University of Pakistan Rawalpindi Campus Punjab Pakistan Department of Animal Production Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Science University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon

The Far North Region of Cameroon is home to a great diversity of bird species, which unfortunately remains very little explored. This work was initiated to establish an inventory of birds and the factors affecting their diversity and distribution for sustainable management in the Kalfou Forest Reserve (KFR) and its periphery. Two methods were used for sampling, linear strip transects from which direct counts and indirect observations were made and the mist netting to complement the first. In total, 2525 birds were observed, including 149 species, belonging to 20 orders and 55 families. Accipitridae had the greatest number of species (11). The species richness was greater in the KFR (117 species) compared to the periphery (95 species). The specific richness was higher in wooded savannah compared to other habitats. Shannon index was significantly higher in the KFR (3.99) compared to that obtained in the periphery (3.80). The value of the Simpson index was higher on the outskirts of the KFR than on the periphery. The indices of species diversity were greater in the wooded savannah compared to other vegetation types. The seasons had no influence on bird diversity. Among the human activities encountered, the pressure indices were more important for grazing (7.3 contacts/km). Human activities have resulted in a significant decrease in specific richness. Six endangered species were encountered, four belonging to the Accipitridae family. The greater bird diversity in the reserve compared to the periphery shows that protected areas are a long-term solution for biodiversity conservation.

关键词： Bird Diversity Habitats Bird Species Human Activities Conservation Kalfou

Postoperative Analgesia and Cesarean Section under General Anesthesia: Multicenter Study

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Open Journal of Anesthesiology 2024年第1期14卷 1-12页

作者： ghislain Edjo Nkilly Raphael Okoue Ondo Pascal Christian Nze Obiang Stéphane Oliveira Jean-Marcel Mandji-Lawson Romain Tchoua Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Omar Bongo Ondimba Army Training Hospital (HIAOBO) Libreville Gabon Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Jeanne Ebori Fondation Libreville Gabon Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Akanda Army Training Hospital Libreville Gabon

Background: Neuraxial anesthesia with intrathecal morphine is the reference technique in cesarean section anesthesia for the management of postoperative analgesia. If there is a contraindication to this, general anesthesia is required. The objective of the study was to evaluate the analgesic effectiveness of 4 analgesic techniques performed during cesarean section under general anesthesia in two centers with different anesthetic practices (North Franche Comté Hospital and Omar Bongo Ondimba Army Training Hospital). Method: This is a retrospective and descriptive study over 2 years, from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2020. It involved evaluating the analgesic effectiveness and tolerance of morphine in the epidural catheter, wound infiltration, intravenous analgesia and Transversus Abdominous Plane block (TAP block) from the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) until the 4th post-operative day. Results: Of the 354 cesarean sections performed, 84 (11.14%) received general anesthesia. The average age was 32.27 years. Acute fetal distress was the first indication for cesarean section (45.2%), followed by hemorrhagic placenta previa (10.7%) and prolapse of the cord (8.33%). Morphine in the epidural catheter was the most used (47.6%) followed by parietal infiltration (36.9%), intravenous analgesia (13.1%) and TAP block (2.38%). The analgesic effectiveness was comparable between the techniques from postoperative day 0 to day 4. No difference in side effects. Postoperative morphine consumption was significantly reduced (p = 0.011) in the infiltration (9 mg) and TAP block (9mg) groups compared to the epidural catheter (16 mg) and intravenous analgesia (17 mg). No difference in 02 rehabilitation criteria (ambulation, first bowel movement). No difference in the occurrence of chronic pain. Conclusion: In the event of a cesarean section under general anesthesia, there are effective and well-tolerated alternatives to neuraxial anesthesia, particularly regional anesthesia

关键词： Cesarean General Anesthesia Morphine Parietal Infiltration Epidural Catheter Transversus Abdominis Plane Block Intravenous Analgesia