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Family medicine residency training in Ghana after 20 years:resident attitudes about their education

Family Medicine and Community Health 2020年第4期8卷 31-39页

作者： ghazwan toma Akye Essuman Michael D Fetters Department of Family Medicine University of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA Family Medicine Unit Department of Community HealthUniversity of GhanaAccraGhana Mixed Methods Program University of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA

Objective In addition to assessing educational needs of family medicine trainees in Ghana,we sought to assess whether those entering the training programme aimed to pursue an academic *** A case study using an anonymous cross-sectional survey through collaboration between faculty members from the family medicine departments of Ghana and the University of *** The family medicine postgraduate trainees and the most recent graduates in the three training sites,Accra,Kumasi and Mampong,as well as modular residents in Ghana served as the targeted participants during data collection between October and November of *** Second and third year family medicine residents,fellows(known as senior residents in Ghana)and recent graduates were invited to participate in this ***-five of 77 eligible subjects provided responses(46%response rate),but five records were eliminated due to incomplete data to yield a survey completion rate of 39%(30/77).Result Participants were mostly men(n=19),and the average age of respondents was 37 years *** participants indicated the residency programmes needed more faculty 97%(n=29),supervision during outpatient care 87%(n=26)and lectures 83%(n=25).The main reason provided by respondents for entering residency programme in family medicine,which is currently not required for practising primary care in Ghana,was to obtain more education 93%(n=28).Participants who had completed the residency programme were much more likely to be interested in becoming faculty compared with those still in residency(p<0.001).Conclusion The research confirms the need for more faculty and the importance of investing in faculty development resources for ensuring a robust *** findings provide constructive feedback that could improve residency curricula of the local and regional family medicine training programmes and supports investing in trainees and new graduates as future faculty candidates.

关键词： education faculty graduate

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Government-incentivized crowdfunding for one-belt, one-road enterprises: design and research issues

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Financial Innovation 2016年第1期2卷 15-28页

作者： Chang Heon Lee J.Leon Zhao ghazwan Hassna Department of Information Systems City University of Hong KongKowloonHong Kong SAR

Background:Local,state,and federal governments have started exploring the potential of crowdfunding in transforming conventional financing methods used previously to fund public projects and *** crowdfunding has been applied to improve government financing methods in recent years,little is known about how this new model can be extended and applied in international collaboration among governmentincentivized ***:In this paper,we explores what roles crowdfunding can play as a financial intermediary to support government-incentivized multinational projects in the context of the One-Belt,One-Road ***:We conjecture that crowdfunding can offer an efficient mechanism to improve participatory budgeting and facilitate private-public collaboration while providing a high level of transparency in the budget decision ***:The paper also discusses research issues and challenges,including features of the crowdfunding platforms that can affect the adoption and use of the crowdfunding platforms in multinational initiatives.

关键词： Crowdfunding Government Incentivized Projects Participatory Budgeting Public-Private Collaboration One Belt One Road

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Evaluation of Bacillus thuringiensis to Control Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) under Laboratory Conditions

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Agricultural Sciences 2017年第7期8卷 591-599页

作者： ghazwan Alsaedi Ahmad Ashouri Reza Talaei-Hassanloui Department of Plant Protection College of Agriculture and Natural Resources University of Tehran Karaj Iran University of Basrah Basrah Iraq

The tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) is among the most destructive pests that attack tomato in many countries. In this study, the efficiency of three suspensions (106;105;104 cell/ml) of Bacillus thuringiensis var. Kurstaki was tested on T. absoluta larvae 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th instar was assessed to study the effect of these suspensions on larval mortality. Results showed that the concentration 106 cell/ml resulted in the highest mortality of all instars larvae with an average mortality of 20%, 22.66%, 18.66% and 23.33% was recorded for the first, second, third and fourth instar, respectively. The greatest percentage of mortality occurred in the third day after the larvae fed with leaves treated with suspension B. thuringiensis.

关键词： Bacillus thuringiensis var. Kurstaki Three Suspensions Tuta absoluta Mortality Four Larvae Instar

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Assessment of Two TrichogrammaSpecies with Bacillus thuringiensisvar. krustaki for the Control of the tomato Leafminer Tuta absolutaMeyrick (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in Iran

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Open Journal of Ecology 2017年第2期7卷 112-124页

作者： ghazwan Alsaedi Ahmad Ashouri Reza Talaei-Hassanloui Department of Plant Protection College of Agriculture and Natural ResourcesUniversity of TehranKarajIran

In this study, we investigated the efficiency of T. brassicae and T. embryophagum in combination with bacterial suspension of B. thuringiensis against the tomato leafminer T. absoluta eggs in cage inside greenhouse (semi field) experiments. Four treatments were used (T. brassicae or T. embryophagum + T. absoluta) (T1), (B. thuringiensis + T. absoluta) (T2), (T. brassicae or T. embryophagum + B. thuringiensis + T. absoluta) (T3) and control (T4). The lowest number of T. absoluta mines (6.1, 0.5 mine per plant) were recorded in T3 for T. brassicae and T. embryophagum were significantly lower than those of all other treatments which were followed by T1 and T2, while the highest number of mines per plant (50.70) were recorded in control (T4). In addition, the parasitism rate, adults’ emergence, the number of females and adult longevity of two parasitoids were investigated. According to the obtained results, the highest parasitism rate was obtained for T. embryophagum when treated with Bt reared in the T. absoluta eggs (31.18%). However, no significant differences were detected between T. brassicae and T. embryophagum in mortality and adult emergence rates were found when they were treated with/ without Bt reared in the T. absoluta eggs in cage inside greenhouse. Also, the longevity of T. embryophagum was significantly better than T. brassicae p = 0.000. This is the first study to investigate T. embryophagum in cage inside greenhouse for parasitizing the eggs of T. absoluta and results of present study suggested that T. embryophagum with Bt could be more efficient for biocontrol of T. absoluta.

关键词： Tuta absoluta Natural Enemies Trichogramma brassicae Trichogramma embryophagum Biological Characteristics Bacillus thuringiensis Semi Field

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Prediction of the Aging of HTV Silicone Rubber Using Chemical Concentration and Polynomial Interpolation Approach

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Journal of Energy and Power Engineering 2015年第5期9卷 473-478页

作者： ghazwan Haddad Khoi Loon Wong Rahul Gupta Muthu Pannirselvam School of Electrical and Computer Engineering RMIT University Melbourne Melbourne VIC 3001 Australia School of Civil Environmental and Chemical Engineering RMIT University Melbourne VIC 3001 Australia

Predicting the lifetime of polymeric insulators is one of the most important research topics in studying the life cycle of high voltage insulators in the power transmission and distribution networks. HTV （high temperature vulcanized） silicone rubber is a high performance dielectric material used within electrical power equipment, in particular transmission and distribution insulators. In this paper, we proposed a new approach using the Newton＇s method and Lagrange method to predict the aging of HTV silicone rubber that are subjected to multiple stress conditions. Concentration of chemical elements such as carbon, oxygen, silicon and aluminum were obtained and evaluated using a SEM （scanning electron microscope） with EDS （energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy）. Curve fitting using the Newton＇s and Lagrange interpolation methods yield useful linear interpolation equations that describe the aging characteristic of the specimens under study. This approach can be applied to predict the change in chemical concentration of polymeric insulators over the life cycle with good accuracy.

关键词： Polymeric insulators accelerated weathering tester scanning electron microscope Newton interpolation Lagrange interpolation.

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Practical Study for the Effect of Speed, Direction of Acceleration and Type of Machine on Vibrations Transferred to the Steering Wheel Horticulture Tractor Type (Goldoni)

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Engineering（科研） 2019年第1期11卷 48-58页

作者： ghazwan Ahmed Dahham Saad Tawfik Muhamed Shamel Mohammed Saleh Department of Agricultural Machines and Equipment University of Mosul Mosul Iraq

Field an experiment was carried out in the farms of Agriculture and forestry academy at University in Nineveh. The research was conducted to investigate a practical study for the effect of four forward speeds (1.9, 2.6, 3.8 and 4.7 km/hr.) and three acceleration direction of axes lateral, longitudinal and vertical, and two types machines control (Mower and Rotovators) on the vibrations transferred to the steering wheel horticulture tractor type (Goldoni). The vibration points on the handgrip were calculated and tested. Root mean square acceleration (RMS), given in m/sec2, was calculated. Results showed increased acceleration vibration of the three directions (longitudinal, lateral and vertical) transferred to the steering wheel tractor by increased forward speed. The Mower score recorded the highest acceleration vibration for the three directions of Rotovators. The levels of vibration emitted from tractor to hand an operator during the experiment was high comparing with standard mechanical vibration. Handgrip vibration intensity in the vertical direction is bigger than the lateral and longitudinal direction. The total vibration evaluating was denoted as the square root mean of the three sum value (lateral, longitudinal and vertical) directions. The paper purpose was measuring and analyzing vibration level transferred to the steering wheel and reduces the machine vibration. This paper is helpful for design in order to increase the develop safety systems in easy and economical way.

关键词： Ergonomics Vibrations Hand-Transmitted Vibration Tractor

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Structure - Antimicrobial Activity Relationship Investigation of Some Butadiene and Chalcone Derivatives

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Journal of Life Sciences 2013年第7期7卷 705-711页

作者： Hanoy AL-Amood Hadeel T.AL-Hadithi ghazwan F. Fadhil Dept. of Chemistry College of Science University of Basrah Basrah 61001 Iraq Dept. of Biology College of Science University of Basrah Basrah 61001 lraq Dept. of Chemistry Faculty of Science University of Duhok Duhok 1048 BD lraq

The biological activity against Staphylococcus aureus, and Eschericia coil were investigated implementing three series, the first series was l-phenyl-2-（4＇-X-phenyl）-4-（2,4-dichlorophenyl）-1,3-butadiene, where X = H, CH3, OCH3, NH2, C1, F, NO2 and COOEt; the second was 3,4-dichlorochalcone series namely 3-（3,4-dichlorophenyl）-l-（4＇-X-phenyl）-2-propen-l-one, where X = H, CH3, OCH3, NH2, CI, F, NO2 and CN; and the third one was 2,4-dichlorochalcone series namely 3-（2,4-dichlorophenyl）-l- （4＇-X-phenyl）-2-propen-l-one, where X = H, CH3, OCH3, NH2, C1, F, NO2 and COOEt. MIC, MBC and the percentage of inhibition （activity） at 20 ~tg/mL, 15 μg/mL and 10μg/mL against Eschericia coli, and at 7.5 lag/mL, 5 μg/mL and 2.5 μg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus, were determined for each compound in the three series. Highest MIC activity against E. coli and S. aureus were given by 2,4-dichlorochalcone series. Butadiene series was similar in behavior to 2,4-dichlorochalcone series in MIC activity against S. aureus. Results of MBC revealed that compounds in the three series exerted high activity against both types of bacteria. Compounds substituted with nitro or nitril exhibited higher activity than other compounds in the three series. Percentage of inhibition of halogenated compounds （4＇-C1 and 4＇-F） was almost equal in every series. Compounds with substituents （4＇-H and 4＇-CH3） showed fluctuation in activity according to the nature of each series.

关键词： Structure activity relationship chalcone butadiene, Eschericia coli Staphylococcus aureus.

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Factors affecting outcomes of surgically treated patients with cranial extradural hematoma: A cross-sectional study

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Journal of Acute Disease 2020年第3期9卷 105-108页

作者： ghazwan A.Lafta Ali A.Dolachee Alyaa K.Al-Zubaidi Department of Surgery Faculty of Medicine University of Al-Ameed Iraq Department of Surgery College of Medicine University of Al-Qadisiyah Iraq Ministry of Health Baghdad Iraq

Objective: To evaluate the factors resulting in the poor outcomes in patients with extradural hematoma (EDH).Methods: The study was conducted at the Neurosurgery Teaching Hospital in Baghdad with a group of 100 surgically treated EDH patients and was carried prospectively from February 1st, 2015 to May 1st, 2017. The baseline information (gender, age, cause of injury, time interval between injury and reception, Glasgow coma scale, etc.) of the patients was recorded, and the variables affecting the outcomes were analyzed. Results: In the study, 80% of patients were male;54% were between 10-29 years old;the commonest cause of injury was fall accounting for 51%;78% of the patients got good functional recovery, and 10% had a residual disability;12% died. Better functional recovery was found among patients with a shorter time interval (≤3 h) (P=0.001), while the longer time interval (>3 h) increased the residual disability (P=0.005). In addition, functional recovery increased six times with higher Glasgow coma scale (P=0.001), and inversely related to mortality (P=0.005). Conclusions: Age between 10 and 29 years, male gender, and depth of hematoma more than 5 cm are at higher risks of poor outcomes of patients with surgically treated EDH. Neurological conditions on admission and time interval between injury and reception are also important factors.

关键词： Extradural hematoma Glasgow coma scale Head injury Outcome

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