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Diabetic Retinopathy Detection: A Hybrid Intelligent Approach

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第9期80卷 4561-4576页

作者： Atta Rahman Mustafa Youldash ghaida Alshammari Abrar sebiany Joury Alzayat Manar Alsayed Mona Alqahtani Noor Aljishi Department of Computer science(Cs) College of Computer Science and Information Technology(CCSIT)Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University(IAU)P.O.Box 1982Dammam31441Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Engineering(CE) College of Computer Science and Information Technology(CCSIT)Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University(IAU)P.O.Box 1982Dammam31441Saudi Arabia

Diabetes is a serious health condition that can cause several issues in human body organs such as the heart and kidney as well as a serious eye disease called diabetic retinopathy(DR).Early detection and treatment are crucial to prevent complete blindness or partial vision *** detection methods,which involve ophthalmologists examining retinal fundus images,are subjective,expensive,and ***,this study employs artificial intelligence(AI)technology to perform faster and more accurate binary classifications and determine the presence of *** this regard,we employed three promising machine learning models namely,support vector machine(sVM),k-nearest neighbors(KNN),and Histogram Gradient Boosting(HGB),after carefully selecting features using transfer learning on the fundus images of the Asia Pacific Tele-Ophthalmology society(APTOs)(a standard dataset),which includes 3662 images and originally categorized DR into five levels,now simplified to a binary format:No DR and DR(Classes 1-4).The results demonstrate that the sVM model outperformed the other approaches in the literature with the same dataset,achieving an excellent accuracy of 96.9%,compared to 95.6%for both the KNN and HGB *** approach is evaluated by medical health professionals and offers a valuable pathway for the early detection of DR and can be successfully employed as a clinical decision support system.

关键词： Diabetic retinopathy transfer learning machine learning fundus images binary classification APTOs

The Damaging Effects of Abstracting the Deep Aquifers’Groundwater in Jordan-Quality Constraints

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2024年第3期12卷 250-278页

作者： Elias salameh ghaida Abdallat Taleb Odeh University of Jordan Amman Jordan The Economic and social Council of Jordan Amman Jordan Department of Water Management and Environment The Hashemite University Zarqa Jordan

The deep aquifers in Jordan contain non-renewable and fossil groundwater and their extraction is quasi a mining process, which ends in the depletion of these resources. Although aquifers in the majority of groundwater basins in Jordan are vertically and horizontally interconnected stratification in different water quality horizons with generally increasing water salinity with the depth is observed. Many officials and planners advocate the extraction of deep salty and brackish water to be desalinated and used in household, industrial, and agricultural uses. In this article, the quality of the groundwater in the different deep aquifers and areas in Jordan is discussed. The results of this study show that the consequences of the deep groundwater exploitation are not restricted to depletion of the deep aquifers but also that the overlying fresh groundwater will, due to vertical and horizontal interconnectedness of the different aquifers, percolate down to replace the extracted deep groundwater. This will cause the down-percolating fresh groundwater to become salinized in the deep saline aquifers, which means that extracting the deep brackish and saline groundwater is not only an emptying process of the deep groundwater but also it is an emptying process of the fresh groundwater overlying them. The results allow to conclude that any extraction of the deep groundwater in areas lying to the north of Ras en Naqab Escarpment will have damaging impacts on the fresh groundwater in the overlying fresh groundwater aquifers. This article strongly advises not to extract the deep brackish and saline groundwater, but to conserve that groundwater as a base supporting the overlying fresh groundwater resources, and that will help in protecting the thermal mineralized water springs used in spas originating from these deep aquifers. The increasing water needs of the country can be covered by the desalination of seawater at Aqaba, which is the only viable option for Jordan at present and

关键词： Groundwater salinity sources of salinity Interconnectedness of Aquifers Absurdity of Deep Groundwater Exploitation

The Impacts of Climate Change on the Availability of surface Water Resources in Jordan

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2020年第10期8卷 52-72页

作者： Elias salameh ghaida Abdallat University of Jordan Amman Jordan

Climate change in the Middle East area including Jordan has started to be reflected in decreasing precipitation and increasing temperatures with their impacts on the availability of surface and groundwater. This article aims to evaluate the impacts of decreasing or increasing precipitation by 10% and 20% on the quantities of flood runoff based on recorded precipitation and runoffs of catchments during the past 60 to 70 years of observation, during which the precipitation in individual or a few years increased or decreased by tens of percentages relative to the long-term average precipitation. The results of quantification show that in Jordan as a whole, decreasing precipitation by 10% and 20% has historically (during the recording period) resulted in reductions in flood flows by 26.2% and 52.8% and that increasing precipitation by 10% and 20% has resulted in increases in flood flows by 26.4% and 56.5% respectively. These results look somehow paradox, because the general perception is that flood runoff changes in the same percentage like precipitation although flood flow is not linearly correlated with precipitation but exponentially. Decreasing precipitation in the water-scarce stressed country, Jordan due to climatic changes, will have strong implications on rain-fed and irrigated agriculture and on household water supplies with very severe socio-economic percussions expressed in increasing unemployment and poverty which may lead to social and political unrest. Therefore, proactive measures have to be implemented before disasters hit. such measures are limited in Jordan to seawater desalination, intensified water harvesting and improved water use efficiency in agriculture.

关键词： Climate Change Impacts Precipitation-Runoff Ratios surface Water socio-Economics

Potential Areas for Managed Aquifer Recharge in the Eastern Lower Jordan Valley Area

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2020年第4期12卷 330-357页

作者： Elias salameh ghaida Abdallat National Center for Research and Development (NCRD) Amman Jordan

The article deals with the feasibility of using the recent geological formations in the eastern Jordan Valley for water storage through artificial recharge due to water scarcity and water needs in this area. Water storage in surface reservoirs in arid and semi-arid areas is afflicted with a variety of issues such as high evaporation, eutrophication processes and exposure to contamination and accidents. Dams to capture all rare-event floods are, generally, big and expensive structures. Artificially recharging aquifers and storing the water in the underground offer a competing alternative. In this study, hydrogeological, geological, geophysical and hydrochemical investigations were carried out to study the potentials of the eastern side of the Lower Jordan Valley for artificial recharge. The results reveal that relatively extended areas on the eastern side of the Lower Jordan Valley have the potential to accommodate large amounts of recharge water and that the impacts of artificially storing the water in aquifers are to be judged very positive compared to surface storage, especially when the amounts of available recharge water can quantitatively be accommodated in recharge facilities. In addition, the study shows, the advantages of underground water storage compared to surface storage in dams. The potential storage capacities in the different parts of the Lower Jordan Valley are quantified based on rechargeable aquifer volumes and porosities. The potential uses of the recharged water are also elaborated on depending on recharge and aquifer water qualities.

关键词： Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) Jordan Valley Potential storage Hydrogeological Conditions

Management of Treated Wastewater and Flood Water Using GIs for Environmental Protection in Jordan

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2020年第1期8卷 86-100页

作者： ghaida Abdallat Enas Harahshah Elias salameh National Center for Research and Development (NCRD) Amman Jordan Royal Jordanian Geographic Centre Amman Jordan

Management of various water resources has become a pivotal need for all catchments and sub-catchements in Jordan. storing treated wastewater applied in reservoirs that originally constructed to store flood and base flow water in the country. This practice has proved detrimental to the originally good quality reservoir waters, leading to additional water quality deterioration such as eutrophication issue. Hence, separating treated wastewater from flood and base flow waters to guarantee the availability of better quality waters for higher quality uses such as drinking or recreation. This study focuses on the dams constructed in Kafrain and shueib catchments, lying west and northwest of Amman. The results of hydrological, hydrogeological, geological, water quality and terrain measurements using Remote sensing, Geographical Information system (GIs) and Digital Elevation Models (DEM) show that there are nine potential dam sites in the two catchments to construct. In shueib catchment, two proposed dam sites were selected as suitable dams for fresh water harvesting and groundwater artificial recharge. While, two suggested dam sites are located downstream of Al-salt and Fuhais wastewater treatment plants for treated wastewater collection. In Kafrain catchment, three proposed dam sites were selected as suitable dams for fresh water harvesting and groundwater artificial recharge. Whereas, two suggested dam sites are located downstream of Wadi sir wastewater treatment plant, hereby, it can be used to collect the treated wastewater. The study is expected to serve as an example for other catchments in Jordan and elsewhere, especially in water scarcity areas where treated waste water is stored together with flood and base flow waters.

关键词： Base flow Jordan storage Treated wastewater Flood flow

Evolution and Termination of Lakes in Jordan and Their Relevance to Human Migration from Africa to Asia and Europe

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Open Journal of Geology 2018年第12期8卷 1113-1132页

作者： Elias salameh Klaus Bandel Ikhlas Alhejoj ghaida Abdallat Center for strategic studies University of Jordan Amman Jordan University of Hamburg Hamburg Germany Department of Geology University of Jordan Amman Jordan

The hydrologic system in Jordan began its evolution with the regression of the Tethys during the Eocene and the rifting of Arabia from Africa. From that time onward Jordan lay on land. The rivers from Jordan and the sirhan east of it flew into the Rift. On the Jordan land volcanism developed and was on and off active until sub-recent times. Flows of magma covered large areas in north and central Jordan. The uppermost hard layers of the deep valleys of the Yarmouk and the Mujib present evidence for their later erosion. The land to the east of the rift was low and in depressions lakes formed on the Jordan plateau, which began to rise less than half a Million years ago. Especially the Jafr and the Azraq Lakes developed a belt of green vegetation that attracted numerous animals which were hunted by early men. Tools for hunting and food preparation were produced from flint and assembled next to the former lake shores with time. The shape of these flint tools allows a coarse dating and documents the arrival of humans hundred thousand years ago and of modern men between 50,000 and 80,000 years ago. Great changes in the shape of the eastern Rift margin had occurred before Lake Lisan evolved and its rising water flooded the mouths of canyons for example of Wadi Hasa, Wadi Mujib and Wadi Zerka Ma’in. On former gravel fans into Lake Lisan of the Tabaqat Fahl first agriculture still in Neolithic times evolved as well as in Amman where people from Ain Ghazal planted crops like barley and peas, beans, lentils and chickpeas and domesticated sheep, goats and pigs. The existence of the highland lakes seems to have been of utmost importance to human migrations from Africa. such lakes provided water and food for those humans in the Arid area of Jordan.

关键词： Hydrology Epeirogenic Taphrogenic Uplifts Volcanic Eruptions Human Migration

Improving Inter-Domain Fast Handover Using MIH services in Mobile WiMAX

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International Journal of Communications, Network and system sciences 2012年第11期5卷 743-752页

作者： ghaida A. Al-suhail Huda J. Al-Hammedy Department of Computer Engineering University of Basrah Basrah Iraq

Recently, the IP connectivity during the Mobile Node (MN) movement between Base stations (Bss) belonging to different Internet service Providers (IsPs) is still a key issue to be tackled. In this paper, therefore, we develop a new scheme to improve the performance of inter-domain fast handover over mobile WiMAX networks. The framework basically relies on the Fast Handover for Mobile IPv6 protocol (FMIPv6) when the Media Independent Information services (MIIs) as defined in IEEE802.21 standard is applied to enable the Mobile Node in storing the information of the neighboring networks. A Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) is also used to identify the IP address of the previous network operator and the MN during its movements. since both MIIs and FQDN can support the node mobility between multiple domains, our proposed scheme can also be called P-FMIPv6. The numerical results show that the latency of IP connectivity of this proposed handover can be significantly reduced in addition to less service disruption time during handovers as compared to the existing FMIPv6 when IEEE802.16e network is considered.

关键词： Handover MIPv6 FMIPv6 Inter-Domain MIIs FQDN Mobile WiMAX

study the Effect of Irradiation Time and HF Concentration on Porosity of Porous silicon and study some of the Electrical Properties of Its Based Device

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Advances in Materials Physics and Chemistry 2012年第1期2卷 55-58页

作者： Nathera Abass Ali Al-Temeeme ghaida salman Muhammed Physics Department College of Science University of Baghdad Baghdad Iraq

Porous silicon has been produced in this work by photochemical etching process (PC).The irradiation has been achieved using ordinary light source (150δ250 W) power and (875 nm) wavelength. The influence of various irradiation times and HF concentration on porosity of Psi material was investigated by depending on gravimetric measurements. The I-V and C-V characteristics for Cds/Psi structure have been investigated in this work too.

关键词： Porous silicon Photochemical Process Porosity structural Properties Electrical Properties

Fabrication and Characteristics of Fast Photo Response ZnO/Porous silicon UV Photoconductive Detector

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Advances in Materials Physics and Chemistry 2011年第3期1卷 70-77页

作者： Hanan A. Thjeel Abdulla. M. suhail Asama N. Naji Qahtan G. Al-zaidi ghaida s. Muhammed Faten A. Naum 不详

Fast response time UV photoconductive detector was fabricated based on ZnO film prepared by thermal chemical spray pyrolysis technique. The ZnO nanofilms are grown on the porous silicon (Ps) nanosurface which has drastically reduced the response time of the ZnO UV detector from few seconds to few hundreds of microseconds. The surface functionalization of the ZnO film deposited on porous silicon (Ps) layer by polyamide nylon has highly improved the photoresponsivity of the detector to 0.8 A/W. The normalized de-tectivity (D*) of the fabricated ZnO UV detector at wavelength of 385 nm is found to be about 2.12 × 1011 cm Hz1/2 W–1. The ZnO film grown on the porous silicon layer was oriented in the c-axis and it is found to be a p-type semiconductor, which is referred to the compensation of the excess charge carriers in the ZnO film by the nanospikes silicon layer.

关键词： Porous silicon P-ZnO/Psi Junction Nanostructure Materials Photoconductive Detectors Recombination and Trapping