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Epidemiology and current management of cerebrovascular disease in China

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2024年第5期21卷 465-474页

作者： sheng-Shou HU The Writing Committee of the Report on Cardiovascular Health and Diseases in China

The Annual Report on Cardiovascular Health and Diseases in China(2022)intricate landscape of cardiovascular health in *** connection with the previous section,this fifth section of the report continues the dissection on the manage-ment of cardiovascular diseases(CVD).Cerebrovascular disease is the leading cause of death and loss of healthy life among Chinese *** on the results of GBD 2019,from 1990 to 2019,the years of life lost due to premature death caused by stroke showed a decreasing trend,while the years lived with disability still increased *** present,national mortal-ity surveillance system can provide national and provincial representative annual death data on cerebrovascular disease,but the national representative data on some other important epidemiological indicators(such as incidence,prevalence,disability rate,and case fatality rate)are scarce in *** the construction of large cohort population and extension of follow-up time,re-search on stroke-related risk factors is increasing,providing a basis for the prevention and control of risk *** to limited large-scale population-based intervention studies,there is a lack of epidemiological evidence to transform into feasible interven-tion strategies and *** recent years,great progress in endovascular treatment for basilar-artery occlusion has been achieved in China,but there is still much room for improvement of guideline-based anticoagulant treatment and lipid-lowering treatment,as well as standardized diagnosis and treatment among patients with ischemic stroke.

关键词： prevention diagnosis Epidemiology

Epidemiology and current management of cardiovascular disease in China

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2024年第4期21卷 387-406页

作者： sheng-Shou HU the Writing Committee of the Report on Cardiovascular Health and Dis-eases in China Fuwai Hospital National Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina

The Annual Report on Cardiovascular Health and Diseases in China(2022) intricate landscape of cardiovascular health in China. This is the fourth section of the report with a specific focus on epidemiology and current management of cardiovascular disease(CVD) in China. This section of the report highlights the epidemiological trends of CVD in China. It reveal a concerning rise in prevalence, with approximately 330 million affected individuals, including significant numbers with stroke, coronary artery disease(CAD), heart failure, and other conditions. CVD stands as the primary cause of mortality among both urban and rural populations, accounting for nearly half of all deaths in 2020. Mortality rates are notably higher in rural areas compared to urban centers since 2009. While age-standardized mortality rates have decreased, the absolute number of CVD deaths has increased, primarily due to population aging. Ischemic heart disease, hemorrhagic and ischemic strokes are the leading causes of CVD-related deaths. Notably, the burden of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease has risen substantially, with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease-related deaths increasing from 1990 to 2016. The incidence of ischemic stroke and ischemic heart disease has shown similar increasing trends over the past three decades. CAD mortality, particularly acute myocardial infarction, has been on the rise, with higher mortality rates observed in rural areas since 2016. The prevalence of CAD has increased significantly, with over 11 million patients identified in 2013. Studies assessing hospital performance in managing acute coronary syndrome reveal gaps in adherence to guideline-recommended strategies, with disparities in care quality across hospitals. However, initiatives like the China Patient-centered Evaluative Assessment of Cardiac Events(PEACE)-Retrospective AMI Study and the Improving Care for Cardiovascular Disease in China-Acute Coronary Syndrome(CCC-ACS) project aim to improve patien

关键词： epidemiology landscape deaths

Stimuli-evoked NOergic molecules and neuropeptides at acupuncture points and the gracile nucleus contribute to signal transduction of propagated sensation along the meridian through the dorsal medulla-thalamic pathways

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2024年第5期22卷 515-522页

作者： sheng-xing Ma Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation Harbor-University of California at Los Angeles(UCLA)Medical CenterTorranceCA 90502USA Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA and Harbor-UCLA Medical CenterTorranceCA 90502USA

Numerous studies from different international groups have demonstrated that sensations can be propagated along acupuncture channel *** propagated sensation along the channel pathway(PSCP)can be elicited by electroacupuncture(EA),transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation(TENS),manual acupuncture(MA),and heat applied to distal acupuncture points(acupoints).Nitric oxide(NO)levels were reported to be elevated in the gracile nucleus and skin regions near to the EA sites,with higher levels at acupoints associated with an enhanced expression of NO synthase and transient receptor potential vanilloid type *** stimuli,EA,MA,TENS,and heat,have been used to elicit axonal reflexes,which increase local release of NO and neuropeptides such as calcitonin gene related ***,the sensation of PSCP along the body surface occurs only ipsilaterally to the stimulated acupoints in various human studies,which does not support the involvement of the spinal-thalamic pathway,which would involve cross over transmission of the *** gracile nucleus receives ascending input from the sciatic nerve and responds to somatosensory stimulation mainly on the ipsilateral side via the dorsal column *** at Zusanli(ST36)increases NO release and expression of NO synthase mainly in the ipsilateral side of the gracile nucleus,while the cardiovascular effects and analgesic responses to EA at ST36 are changed by influences of l-arginine-derived NO synthesis in the ipsilateral gracile nucleus in *** stimuli-induced release of NOergic molecules and neuropeptides exist high levels in the acupoints,which contain rich neuronal components and blood *** NOergic molecules at acupoints cause axon reflexes during the stimuli,which elevate cutaneous blood *** NOergic molecules and local blood flow may spread over acupoints one after another along the meridian lines differing from nerve pathways following the stimuli to induce *** same types of stimula

关键词： Axon reflex Nitric oxide Biophysical approaches Calcitonin related polypeptide Dorsal funiculus tract Meridian system

In silico optimization of actuation performance in dielectric elastomercomposites via integrated finite element modeling and deep learning

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Theoretical & Applied Mechanics Letters 2024年第1期14卷 48-56页

作者： Jiaxuan Ma sheng Sun Materials Genome Institute Shanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China Zhejiang Laboratory Hangzhou 311100China Shanghai Frontier Science Center of Mechanoinformatics Shanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China

Dielectric elastomers(DEs)require balanced electric actuation performance and mechanical integrity under applied *** high dielectric particles as fillers provides extensive design space to optimize concentration,morphology,and distribution for improved actuation performance and material *** study presents an integrated framework combining finite element modeling(FEM)and deep learning to optimize the microstructure of DE *** first calculates actuation performance and the effective modulus across varied filler combinations,with these data used to train a convolutional neural network(CNN).Integrating the CNN into a multi-objective genetic algorithm generates designs with enhanced actuation performance and material modulus compared to the conventional optimization approach based on FEM approach within the same *** framework harnesses artificial intelligence to navigate vast design possibilities,enabling optimized microstructures for high-performance DE composites.

关键词： Dielectric elastomer composites Multi-objective optimization Finite element modeling Convolutional neural network

Limits of Riemann Solutions for Isentropic MHD in a Variable Cross-Section Duct as Magnetic Field Vanishes

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Chinese Annals of Mathematics,Series B 2024年第4期45卷 637-660页

作者： Wancheng sheng Tao XIAO Department of Mathematics Shanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China Shanghai Aircraft Design and Research Institute Shanghai 201210China.

The stability for magnetic field to the solution of the Riemann problem for the polytropic fluid in a variable cross-section duct is *** the vanishing magnetic field method,the stable solutions are determined by comparing the limit solutions with the solutions of the Riemann problem for the polytropic fluid in a duct obtained by the entropy rate admissibility criterion.

关键词： Variable duct Magnetogasdynamics Riemann problem Stability Vanishing magnetic field method

Centered Waves for the Two-dimensional Pseudo-Steady van der Waals Gas Satisfied Maxwell's Law Around a Sharp Corner

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Chinese Annals of Mathematics,Series B 2024年第4期45卷 537-554页

作者： Shuangrong LI Wancheng sheng Department of Mathematics Shanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China Department of Mathematics Zhejiang University of Science and TechnologyHangzhou 310023China Corresponding author.Department of Mathematics Newtouch Center for Mathematics of Shanghai UniversityShanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China

In this paper,the authors study the centered waves for the two-dimensional(2D for short)pseudo-steady supersonic flow with van der Waals gas satisfied Maxwell's law around a sharp *** view of the initial value of the specific volume and the properties of van der Waals gas,the centered waves at the sharp corner are constructed by *** is shown that the supersonic incoming flow turns the sharp corner by a centered simple wave or a centered simple wave with right-contact discontinuity or a composite wave(jump-fan,fan-jump or fan-jump-fan),or a combination of waves and constant ***,the critical angle of the sharp corner corresponding to the appearance of the vacuum phenomenon is obtained.

关键词： Two-dimensional Euler equations Van der Waals gas Centered simple wave Composite wave

Deep carbon recycling viewed from global plate tectonics

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National Science Review 2024年第06期11卷 37-55页

作者： Maoliang Zhang sheng Xu Yuji Sano School of Earth System Science Tianjin University Marine Core Research Institute Kochi University Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute The University of Tokyo

Plate tectonics plays an essential role in the redistribution of life-essential volatile elements between Earth's interior and surface, whereby our planet has been well tuned to maintain enduring habitability over much of its history. Here we present an overview of deep carbon recycling in the regime of modern plate tectonics,with a special focus on convergent plate margins for assessing global carbon mass balance. The up-to-date flux compilation implies an approximate balance between deep carbon outflux and subduction carbon influx within uncertainty but remarkably limited return of carbon to convecting mantle. If correct, carbon would gradually accumulate in the lithosphere over time by（i） massive subsurface carbon storage occurring primarily in continental lithosphere from convergent margins to continental interior and（ii） persistent surface carbon sinks to seafloors sustained by high-flux deep CO2emissions to the atmosphere. Further assessment of global carbon mass balance requires updates on fluxes of subduction-driven carbon recycling paths and reduction in uncertainty of deep carbon outflux. From a global plate tectonics point of view, we particularly emphasize that continental reworking is an important mechanism for remobilizing geologically sequestered carbon in continental crust and sub-continental lithospheric mantle. In light of recent advances,future research is suggested to focus on a better understanding of the reservoirs, fluxes, mechanisms, and climatic effects of deep carbon recycling following an integrated methodology of observation, experiment,and numerical modeling, with the aim of decoding the self-regulating Earth system and its habitability from the deep carbon recycling perspective.

关键词： deep carbon recycling convergent plate margins subduction continental reworking global carbon mass balance

Volume of fluid simulation of single argon bubble dynamics in liquid steel under RH vacuum conditions

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2024年第4期31卷 828-837页

作者： Gu-jun Chen sheng-ping He College of Materials Science and Engineering Yangtze Normal UniversityChongqing 400044China College of Materials Science and Engineering Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400044China

Single argon bubble dynamics in liquid steel under Ruhrstahl-Heraeus(RH)vacuum conditions were simulated using the volume of fluid method,and the ideal gas law was used to consider bubble growth due to heat transfer and pressure *** simulation with a constant bubble density was also performed to validate the numerical method,and the predicted terminal bubble shape and velocity were found to agree with those presented in the Grace diagram and calculated by drag correlation,*** simulation results under RH conditions indicate that the terminal bubble shape and velocity cannot be *** primary bubble growth occurs within a rising distance of 0.3 m owing to heating by the high-temperature liquid steel;subsequently,the bubble continues to grow under equilibrium with the hydrostatic *** the initial diameter is 8-32 mm,the bubble diameter and rising velocity near the liquid surface are 80-200 mm and 0.5-0.8 m/s,*** bubble rises rectilinearly with an axisymmetric shape,and the shape evolution history includes an initial sphere,(dimpled)ellipsoid,and spherical cap with satellite bubbles.

关键词： Bubble dynamics Liquid steel Volume of fluid Bubble growth Bubble shape Rising velocity

Incorporating contextual evidence to improve implicit discourse relation recognition in Chinese

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Frontiers of Computer Science 2024年第3期18卷 91-104页

作者： sheng XU Peifeng LI Qiaoming ZHU School of Computer Science and Technology Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215000China

The discourse analysis task,which focuses on understanding the semantics of long text spans,has received increasing attention in recent *** a critical component of discourse analysis,discourse relation recognition aims to identify the rhetorical relations between adjacent discourse units(e.g.,clauses,sentences,and sentence groups),called arguments,in a *** works focused on capturing the semantic interactions between arguments to recognize their discourse relations,ignoring important textual information in the surrounding ***,in many cases,more than capturing semantic interactions from the texts of the two arguments are needed to identify their rhetorical relations,requiring mining more contextual *** this paper,we propose a method to convert the RST-style discourse trees in the training set into dependency-based trees and train a contextual evidence selector on these transformed *** this way,the selector can learn the ability to automatically pick critical textual information from the context(i.e.,as evidence)for arguments to assist in discriminating their *** we encode the arguments concatenated with corresponding evidence to obtain the enhanced argument ***,we combine original and enhanced argument representations to recognize their *** addition,we introduce auxiliary tasks to guide the training of the evidence selector to strengthen its selection *** experimental results on the Chinese CDTB dataset show that our method outperforms several state-of-the-art baselines in both micro and macro F1 scores.

关键词： discourse parsing discourse relation recognition contextual evidence selection