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Husbandry, Productivity and Producers Trait Preference of Goats in North Western Lowlands of Ethiopia

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2020年第2期10卷 313-335页

作者： Tilahun Debela Mengistu Urge getnet assefa Zeleke Mekuriaw Pawe Agriculture Research Center Pawe Ethiopia School of Animal and Rangeland Sciences Haramaya University Dire Dawa Ethiopia Ethiopian Agricultural Research Institute Addis Ababa Ethiopia International Livestock Research Institute Addis Ababa Ethiopia

A survey was conducted in Agalo Meti, Bambasi and Mandura districts of Kamashi, Assosa and Metekel zones of Benishangul-Gumuz Regional State, respectively. The aim of the study was to assess production characteristics, productive performances and producer’s traits preference of goats. A total of 177 households who have goat flock and experience in goat production were purposively selected. Data was collected through respondent interviews using structured questionnaire, focus group discussions, key informant interviews and field visit. Data was analyzed using SPSS software and reported using descriptive statistics. Indices were used to present ranking. Farming is characterized by mixed-crop livestock production system and livestock are kept under traditional extensive management system. Greater number of goats than other livestock species were owned in the area. The indigenous goats reared in the area include Arab, Felata and Gumuz. The mean goat flock size per household was 9.81 ± 1.08, 8.31 ± 1.16 and 8.71 ± 0.88 in Agalo Meti, Bambasi and Mandura district, respectively. Goats were primarily kept for generating income (indices = 0.43), followed by saving/insurance (0.34), and meat for home consumption (0.18). About 58% of the producers sell goat skins, whereas (42%) did not-sold through the formal market chain. Natural pasture and indigenous browse species were the major feed resources. About 89.3% of the respondents housed their goats in a well-shaded separately constructed house. The herding practices of goats include: free-roaming all year round (67.8%) and restricted herding (32.2%) during the cropping season. The major constraints for goat production were infectious and parasitic diseases (0.45), inadequate veterinary services (0.39), predators (0.091), marketing problem (0.03) and poor management (0.01). Arab, Felata, and Gumuz goats give first birth at the age of 13.65 ± 0.40, 12.90 ± 0.29 and 12.54 ± 0.43 months, kidded at every 8.52 ± 0.41, 7.85 ± 0.25 and

关键词： Constraints Feed Resources Goats Husbandry Practice

Sensory Characteristics, Nutritional Composition, and Quality of Eggs from Different Chickens

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2022年第4期12卷 591-615页

作者： Atsbaha Hailemariam Wondmeneh Esatu Solomon Abegaz Mengistu Urge getnet assefa Tadelle Dessie Ethiopia Agricultural Research Institute Mekhoni Agricultural Research Center Mekhoni Ethiopia International Livestock Research Institute Addis Ababa Ethiopia Ethiopia Agricultural Research Institute Debrezeit Agricultural Research Center Bishoftu Ethiopia Haramaya University School of Animal and Range Sciences Dire Dawa Ethiopia Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research Addis Ababa Ethiopia

The present study evaluated the sensory, composition, and quality of eggs from Cosmopolitan (C), Improved Horro (H), ♂ Improved Horro * Cosmopolitan ♀ (HC), ♂ Cosmopolitan * Improved Horro ♀ (CH), Indigenous(L), and Koekoek (KK) genotypes. A completely randomized design was used in the study. A total of 108 (18/genotype), 180 (30/genotype), and 90 (15/genotype) eggs were used for the sensory, composition, and egg quality tests, respectively. All data were analyzed following the GLM model using SAS software. The boiled and scrambled eggs from L, H, and C were (P ≤ 0.001) preferred followed by CH, HC, and KK. Results showed that KK, HC, CH, and C eggs were higher in moisture, crude fat, crude ash, and crude fiber, but these traits were found lower in H and L genotypes. A significantly highest crude protein was observed in L (21.19 ± 0.19) genotype, with higher in H (20.62 ± 0.26), intermediate in HC (19.96 ± 0.29), C (19.85 ± 0.10), and CH (19.40 ± 0.37), whereas the eggs from KK genotype had the lowest crude protein content (18.69 ± 0.20). The egg quality was (P = 0.001 - 0.01) affected across traits except for eggshell indices (P > 0.05). The genotypes with a negative significant correlation with crude protein had a positive significant correlation with almost all composition and egg external quality traits. The genotypes with positive significant correlations of egg weight had positive significant correlations with most internal egg quality traits except that of yolk weight ratio, yolk albumen ratio, and yolk color. Conclusively: the eggs of L, H, and C genotypes were best favored followed by CH and C, but the KK genotype was the least favored, and these differences were deemed due to genetic variations, and interventions. Furthermore, the eggs laid from genotypes with deep yellow yolk color might be the most nutritious. It could also necessitate future breeding and dietary studies.

关键词： Chicken Sensory Characteristics Nutritional Composition Egg Quality Correlation

Serum Biochemical and Meat Fatty Acid Profiles of Different Chicken Genotypes

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2022年第2期12卷 287-302页

作者： Atsbaha Hailemariam Wondmeneh Esatu Solomon Abegaz Mengistu Urge getnet assefa Tadelle Dessie Ethiopia Agricultural Research Institute Mehoni Agricultural Research Center Mehoni Ethiopia International Livestock Research Institute Addis Ababa Ethiopia Ethiopia Agricultural Research Institute Debrezeit Agricultural Research Center Bishoftu Ethiopia Haramaya University School of Animal and Range Sciences Dire Dawa Ethiopia Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research Addis Ababa Ethiopia

Serum biochemical and meat fatty acid profile of different chickens were studied. A total of 144 mixed sex matured chickens of Cosmopolitan (C), Improved Horro (H), Cosmopolitan♂*Improved Horro♀(CH), Improved Horro♂*Cosmopolitan♀ (HC), Indigenous (L) and Koekkoek (KK) were used to determine serum biochemical, of which 36 chickens were also used for fatty acid profile study. Completely randomized design in 6 × 2 factorial arrangements was set up. Serum biochemical and fatty acid profiles were determined by Roche/Hitachi cobas c 501 and gas liquid chromatography (GC) procedures, respectively. There were significant differences (P ≤ 0.001) in Total cholesterol (TC), Triglyceride (TG), Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and High-density lipoprotein (HDL) among genotypes and between sexes. HDL was inversely related with TC, TG and LDL. Male had significantly higher (P ≤ 0.001) TC, TG, LDL but lower HDL than female. SFA, (Myristic, Pentadecanoic and Palmitic acids) had significantly (P < 0.05) varied among genotypes. However, Margaric (P ≤ 0.01) and stearic (P ≤ 0.001) acids were significantly different between sexes. Myristoleic and Palmitoleic acids significantly vary (P ≤ 0.05) among genotypes and between sexes. Oleic (P ≤ 0.01) and Eicosenoic (P ≤ 0.001) significantly influenced by sex. Moreover, Linoleic had significantly (P ≤ 0.01) affected by genotypes. Nevertheless, α-linolenic acid significantly (P ≤ 0.01) varied between sexes. The serum biochemical differed across genotypes and between sexes. The difference in the number of carbons, double bond and position of the double bond could affect fatty acid profile among genotypes and between sexes. Chicken products with higher level TC, TG, LDL and SFA might affect human health problems. It could also be interesting topic for future studies.

关键词： Chicken Biochemical Parameter Sex Meat Fatty Acid Profile Correlation

Livestock Feed Marketing in Ethiopia： Challenges and Opportunities for Livestock Development

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A) 2014年第2期4卷 155-168页

作者： Mesfin Dejene Seyoum Bediye Dawit Alemu Getu Kitaw Aemiro Kehaliw getnet assefa Getaw Tadesse QAAFI Centre for Animal Science (CAS) the University of Queensland Gatton QLD 4343 Australia Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research Holetta Research Center Addis Ababa Ethiopia Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research Addis Ababa Ethiopia International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) Addis Ababa Ethiopia

This paper presents the feed marketing systems of Ethiopia in terms of feed demand and supply, feed quality issues, feed prices and price trends based on qualitative data generated through rapid market appraisal methodology. The results indicate that, the demand for roughages, agro-industrial by-products （AIBP） and compound feeds is showing increasing trend. The use of feed from commercial sources is, however, very limited due to shortage of feed supply and inefficient marketing system. The AIBP mainly from flour and grind mills, oil processing plants and breweries are in short supply and directly marketed to user or through traders. Consequently, most of the exiting feed mixers/processing enterprises are operating under capacity estimated at about 20%-30%. The main marketed roughages, which are mainly cereal straws and baled hay, are also in short supply. Feed prices are increasing from time to time and mainly exacerbated by the increasing trend in export market of AIBP and double taxation in mixed rations. There is no any feed quality control or assurance mechanism in Ethiopia. Precaution needs to be taken in the area of taxation in order to avoid double taxation. Implications to improve the feed marketing systems and opportunities for livestock development are drawn.

关键词： Agro-industries by-products concentrate mixtures crop residues quality control taxation.

Platelet counts to spleen diameter ratio:A promising noninvasive tool for predicting esophageal varices in cirrhosis patients

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World Journal of Hepatology 2024年第10期16卷 1177-1187页

作者： getnet Yigzaw Mossie Abdulsemed Mohammed Nur Zekarias Seifu Ayalew Gebeyehu Tessema Azibte Kaleb assefa Berhane Department of Internal Medicine Addis Ababa UniversityAddis Ababa 1000Ethiopia Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Internal MedicineCollege of Health SciencesAddis Ababa UniversityAddis Ababa 1000Ethiopia Department of General Medicine Adera Medical and Surgical CenterAddis Ababa 1000Ethiopia

BACKGROUND Liver cirrhosis is the end stage of progressive liver fibrosis as a consequence of chronic liver inflammation,wherein the standard hepatic architecture is replaced by regenerative hepatic nodules,which eventually lead to liver *** without any symptoms is referred to as compensated *** such as ascites,variceal bleeding,and hepatic encephalopathy indicate the onset of decompensated *** varices are the hallmark of clini-cally significant portal *** To determine the accuracy of the platelet count-to-spleen diameter(PC/SD)ratio to evaluate esophageal varices(EV)in patients with *** This retrospective observational study was conducted at Tikur Anbessa Specia-lized Hospital and Adera Medical Center from January 1,2019,to December 30,*** were collected via chart review and direct patient interviews using structured *** data were exported to the SPSS software version 26 for analysis and clearance.A receiver operating characteristic curve was plotted for splenic diameter,platelet count,and PC/SD ratio to obtain sensitivity,speci-ficity,positive predictive value,negative predictive value,positive likelihood ratio,and negative likelihood *** Of the 140 participants,67%were *** B(38%)was the most common cause of cirrhosis,followed by cryptogenic cirrhosis(28%)and hepatitis C(16%).Approximately 83.6%of the participants had endoscopic evidence of EV,whereas 51.1%had gastric *** cirrhosis and PC were associated with the presence of EV with adjusted odds ratios of 12.63(95%CI:3.16-67.58,P=0.001)and 0.14(95%CI:0.037-0.52,P=0.004),respectively.A PC/SD ratio<1119 had a sensitivity of 86.32%and specificity of 70%with area under the curve of 0.835(95%CI:0.736-0.934,P<0.001).CONCLUSION A PC/SD ratio<1119 predicts EV in patients with *** is a valuable,noninvasive tool for EV risk assess-ment in resource-limited settings.

关键词： Cirrhosis,Esophageal varices,Portal hypertension Platelet count Splenic diameter

The impacts of land-use and land-cover change on wetland ecosystem service values in peri-urban and urban area of Bahir Dar City, Upper Blue Nile Basin, Northwestern Ethiopia

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Ecological Processes 2021年第1期10卷 510-527页

作者： Workiyie Worie assefa Belachew getnet Eneyew Ayalew Wondie Department of Biology College of ScienceBlue Nile Water InstituteBahir Dar UniversityP.O.Box 79Bahir DarEthiopia. College of Social Science Blue Nile Water InstituteBahir Dar UniversityP.O.Box 79Bahir DarEthiopia. School of Fisheries and Wildlife College of Agriculture and Environmental SciencesBahir Dar UniversityP.O.Box 79Bahir DarEthiopia.

Background:Even though wetlands are essential in enhancing water quality and providing recreation and entertainment opportunities in urban areas,their values are overlooked by the *** of the economic value of wetland ecosystem services contributes to their continuing deterioration and inevitable *** the changes in ecosystem service values(ESV)can provide crucial information for *** study,therefore,analyzes the temporal and spatial land-use/land-cover(LULC)change patterns over 35 years(1984–2019)intending to evaluate its impact on wetland ecosystem service values in Bahir Dar City,*** and change analyses of ESVs were conducted by employing ArcGIS using LULC inputs of the year 1984,1994,2004,2014,and 2019 with their corresponding global value coefficients that were developed earlier and our own modified value coefficients for the studied ***:The results showed that wetlands and water bodies of the city and its peripheries had decreased by 75.71%(−1618 ha)within 35 years,while built-up area increased by 216.24%(+2599 ha).Cultivated land had increased slightly from 1984 to 1994 and then gradually declined since *** in LULC had resulted in a decline of the total *** total ESV had decreased from USD 29.73×10^(6) to USD 20.84×10^(6) in 35 *** indicates the loss of nearly USD 8.9×10^(6) ESV from 1984 to 2019.A sensitivity analysis suggested the robustness of ESV estimation in the study *** individual ecosystem services experienced a negative ***,a greater reduction in ESV was observed for services such as water regulation,waste treatment,and habitats for maintaining *** expansion of built-up area of Bahir Dar City was the major factor that contributed to the loss of ESV provided by ***:The loss of ESV resulting in LULC changes has a negative implication on local climate,waste management,and the livelihoods of the poor co

关键词： Ecosystem service Economic valuation Land use/land cover Landscape change Urban wetland