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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2020年第4期10卷 665-682页

作者： Getnet Zeleke Mengistu Urge getachew Animut Wondmeneh Esatu Tadelle Dessie Amhara Agricultural Research Institute Bahir Dar Ethiopia School of Animal and Range Sciences Haramaya University Dire Dawa Ethiopia Ethiopian Agriculture Transformation Agency Addis Ababa Ethiopia International Livestock Research Institute Addis Ababa Ethiopia

A study was conducted to compare laying performance, fertility, hatchability, and egg quality of guinea fowl (GF) with Horro (HR) and Tilili (TL) local chicken and Potchefstroom Koekoek (PK) exotic chicken. Forty five layers from each genotype and 6 cocks from each chicken genotype and 9 cocks from GF were used in 3 replications in a completely randomized design. Commercial layer feed was used ad libitum for the study that lasted 29 weeks. Daily DM intake per hen was 85, 114, 103 and 137 g (SEM = 3.1) for GF, HR, TL and PK, respectively, and was in the order of GF HR > TL > GF. Average egg weight was higher for PK eggs (46.4 g), intermediate for HR (43.5 g) and TL (42.3 g), and lowest for GF (35.9 g). Eggshell weight and thickness were higher for GF than chicken genotypes. Haugh unit was similar among genotypes. Such differences among poultry genotypes could be reflection of previous selection and breeding interventions, which are apparently more in chicken genotypes than GF. A possible more stressful condition of the confined environment for GF versus chicken genotypes could have also contributed to such differences. This study highlighted the need of implementing future selection and breeding schemes to improve the performance of GF and TL birds to the level achieved by oth

关键词： Guinea Fowl Chicken Egg Number Fertility Hatchability Embryonic Mortality Egg Weight

长寿与短命:十字花科植物中MADS-box基因的长袖善舞

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植物学报 2024年第3期59卷 351-354页

作者：廉小平 getachew Melaku 张石来胡凤益云南大学农学院新基石科学实验室昆明650405

开花基因决定植物的一年生或多年生开花习性。已在不同植物中鉴定到多个开花基因,然而关于开花基因如何驱动十字花科植物一年生与多年生生活史策略转变的进化机制仍不清楚。最近一项研究聚焦十字花科不同属的自然变异,发现3个亲缘关系... 详细信息

开花基因决定植物的一年生或多年生开花习性。已在不同植物中鉴定到多个开花基因,然而关于开花基因如何驱动十字花科植物一年生与多年生生活史策略转变的进化机制仍不清楚。最近一项研究聚焦十字花科不同属的自然变异,发现3个亲缘关系密切的MADS-box类转录因子编码基因(即FLC、FLM和MAF)与其一年生/多年生习性转变相关,并解析了其分子机制,提出十字花科植物生活史策略(即多年生/二年生/一年生之间的转换)是由FLC类MADS-box基因剂量叠加所决定的连续过程。研究结果初步明确了十字花科植物一年生与多年生生活史策略转换的进化机制和轨迹,为培育多年生油菜品种奠定了理论基础,也为其它十字花科作物的多年生化遗传改良提供借鉴。

关键词：十字花科生活史策略 MADS-box 多年生一年生转换

Effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and vermicompost on groundnut yield in Babile District, eastern Ethiopia

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Oil Crop Science 2019年第2期4卷 75-89页

作者： getachew Bekele Nigussie Dechassa Tamado Tana J.J.Sharma Depatment of Plant Sciences Bedele College of Agriculture and Forestry Mettu University Ethiopia School of Plant Sciences College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences Haramaya University Ethiopia

Groundnut is a major cash crop for smallholder farmers in several districts of eastern Ethiopia with low yield. Little or no fertilizer was applied for the crop possibly because no generic or recommended fertilizer and technology were available. Therefore, field experiments were conducted for 2 consecutive cropping seasons in Babile District, to investigate effects of applying mineral N and P fertilizer and vermicompost (VC) on seed yield and oil content of groundnut using an improved variety ‘BaHa-Gudo’. Treatments consisted of nitrogen (0,23 and 46 kg N/ha), phosphorus (0,46 and 92 kg P2O5/ha) and VC (0,2.5 and 5 t VC/ha). Results revealed that yield attributes, seed yield and seed oil content were significantly (p < 0.01) affected by fertilizers. Seed yield after combined application of 46 kg N, 46 kg P2O5 and 2.5 t VC/ha increased by about 113% compared to seed yield without any fertilizers. Enhancement in seed oil content at the aforementioned rate was 7.0%. It could, thus, be concluded that applying the aforementioned fertilizers would enable farmers to increase seed yield and oil content of groundnut for enhancing their income and livelihoods in the study area.

关键词： groundnut N and P fertilizers vermicompost yield

Competency and constraints of higher education and research institutions for rural transformation in the Amhararegion, Ethiopia

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Agricultural Sciences 2012年第5期3卷 759-767页

作者： getachew Alemayehu Sisay Yehuala Yonas Worku Zerihun Nigussie Girmachew Seraw Department of Plant Science College of Agriculture and Environmental Science Bahir-Dar University Bahir Dar Ethiopia Department of Rural Development and Agricultural Extension Faculty of Agriculture Gondar University Gondar Ethiopia Department of Rural Development College of Agriculture and Environmental Science Bahir Dar University Bahir Dar Ethiopia North Gondar Research Centre Amhara Region Agricultural Research Institute Gondar Ethiopia

Ethiopia is an agrarian country and agriculture is the backbone of its economy. Consequently, the government of Ethiopia has devised Agricultural Development Led Industrialization (ADLI) as the country’s overall economic development policy. For the last 15 years, public investment towards the expansion of higher education, research and extension in agriculture has been so enormous. In reality, however, these higher education and research institutions were not sufficiently responsive to rural transformation. Thus, to evaluate the role of higher education and research institutions in stimulating rural transformation and to identify main training constraints accountable for their poor performances in institutional learning and rural transformation is of paramount importance. To this effect focus group discussions and key informant interviews were conducted. Stratified and purposive sampling technique was dominantly employed during the survey studies. The result of the study has shown that higher education and research institutions were less responsive to address the actual problems of small-scale farmers and they were limited by a number of constraints/challenges to address the actual problems of farmers. The major constraints were, to list some, limited involvement in research and extension works by the university staff, students limited practical attachments of the training programmes with farming communities, limited infrastructures and facilities and limited availability of contextualized learning resources. In addressing the aforesaid constraints/challenges, the university staff should proportionally allocate time in the research and extension activities on top of practical teaching supported by local research results and experience;involving students on practical attachments both in their academic and vacation time;giving emphasis on basic training preparation like fulfilling libraries, laboratories, demonstration fields and transportation facilities;and lastly t

关键词： Rural Transformation Higher Education Training Constraints Competency

Relating mechanisms of higher education and research closely to the reality in the society for rural transformation in the Amhararegion, Ethiopia

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Agricultural Sciences 2012年第5期3卷 780-787页

作者： getachew Alemayehu Sisay Yehuala Yonas Worku Zerihun Nigussie Girmachew Seraw Department of Plant Science College of Agriculture and Environmental Science Bahir-Dar University Bahir Dar Ethiopia Department of Rural Development and Agricultural Extension Faculty of Agriculture Gondar UniversityGondar Ethiopia North Gondar Research Centre Amhara Region Agricultural Research Institute Gondar Ethiopia

Higher education and research in Ethiopia is going through a decisive phase of reform and expansion. As a system it is increasingly required to respond and gear adequately to the development needs of the society and the country. This change is taking place through a government-led radical review of the system’s status and challenges, and by devising mechanisms of consensus building, as well as ownership and overcoming the resistance to change. Higher education and research institutions of Bahir Dar and Gondar Universities and ARARI, in Ethiopia are not satisfactorily responsive to rural transformation in addressing problems of small-scale farmers. This calls for responsive education and research that addresses farmers’ constraints. Thus, to survey the suitability/appropriateness of the current training programmes of higher education and research institutions to address the actual problems of farmers is of paramount importance. To this effect, tools such as interview guide, checklist and questionnaires were put to use for data collection. Primary data was collected from observation, focus group discussions and key informant interviews. Descriptive statistics for quantitative data and triangulation for qualitative data were the prime techniques for data analysis. The result of the study shows that university heads, instructors, students, research heads, researchers and employees rated the suggested mechanisms, namely “inviting speakers from industries and farming community”, “visiting guest lecturers” and “special entrepreneurial project”, as the top most important for ensuring training and research closely to the reality in the society of Amhara region in facilitating agricultural growth and rural transformation. Besides, employers and farmers responded that fresh graduates are deficient with relevant technical skills because of less emphasis on experiential learning on higher education. Therefore, the curriculum for the training should give much weight to incorporat

关键词： Relating Mechanism Rural Transformation Education Research

Agricultural extension approach:evidence from an Integrated Soil Fertility Management Project in Ethiopia

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2020年第4期7卷 427-439页

作者： Gerba LETA Steffen SCHULZ Girum getachewALEMU Integrated Soil Fertility Management Project Deutsche Gesellschaft für InternationaleZusammenarbeit(GIZ)GmbHSustainable Use of Rehabilitated Land for Economic Development(SURED)Addis Ababa 100009Ethiopia TMG-Thinktank for sustainability 53474 Bad Neuenahr-AhrweilerHauptsrasse 27BGermany

Agricultural extension is an approach to rural development and agricultural transformation in which training,demonstration and technology transfer are key to reducing rural poverty,ensuring food security,and sustainably managing natural *** recent decades,different extension approaches have been tested and validated by the Ethiopian government and nongovernmental organizations to stimulate participation in the agricultural extension system(AES).The most recent was a German-funded project entitled“Integrated Soil Fertility Management Project”(ISFM+),which employed a novel approach to piloting and upscaling proven technology and best *** purpose of this study was to analyze and document the modalities of ISFM+and illustrate its effects on technology uptake and *** study used a mixed methods approach to collect *** and SPSS were used for data management and *** Research and Extension Groups and Farmer Field Schools were found to be central to the participation ***,the ISFM+was found to aid technology transfer and helped to increase grain and residue yields as well as farmer *** on these empirical findings,it is argued that the ISFM+approach and technology should be integrated and institutionalized in the mainstream AES in order to promote their extensive application.

关键词： Ethiopia Farmer Field School Farmer Research and Extension Group governance institutionalization ISFM+ambassador participation

Synthesis, Characterization and Antibacterial Activities of Polydentate Schiff Bases, Based on Salicylaldehyde

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Advances in Biological Chemistry 2020年第5期10卷 127-139页

作者： Yosef Bayeh Fekiya Mohammed Mamo Gebrezgiabher Fikre Elemo Mesfin getachew Madhu Thomas Department of Industrial Chemistry College of Applied Sciences Addis Ababa Science and Technology University Addis Ababa Ethiopia Center of Excellence in Nanotechnology Addis Ababa Science and Technology University Addis Ababa Ethiopia Department of Food Engineering College of Biological and Chemical Engineering Addis Ababa Science and Technology University Addis Ababa Ethiopia

Three Schiff bases L1, L2 and L3 were synthesized by condensing salicylaldehyde with 4-aminoantipyrine, ethylendiamine and 2-aminophenol respectively and subsequently characterized by various physicochemical investigations. All the three compounds were screened for their In-vitro antibacterial activity against two gram positive bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus (S.A), Staphylococcus epidermidis (S.E) and two gram negative bacteria Klebsiella pneumoniae (K.P) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P.A) by agar diffusion method. On comparing the results obtained with the activity of commercially available antibiotics such as Ciprofloxacin and Chloramphenicol, the newly synthesi

关键词： Schiff Bases Salicyaldehyde Antibacterial Activity In-Vitro

Evaluation of water and ethanol extracts of Schinus molle *** immature Culex quinquefasciatus Say(Diptera:Culicidae)

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Journal of Coastal Life Medicine 2014年第6期 471-477页

作者： Kidanemariam Girmay Bemnet Fikre Atsede Asmelash Biskut getachew Emebet Tekle Nagappan Raja Department of Biology College of Natural and Computational SciencesUniversity of GondarPost Box 196GondarEthiopia

Objective:To evaluate larvicidal and pupicidal activities of aqueous and ethanol extract of different parts of Schinus molle against filarial vector,Culex quinquefasciatus(***)in the ***:The mortality rate of third,fourth instar larvae and pupal stages were tested at 20,40,60,80 and 100 mg/L of plant extract using WHO standard protocol with *** mortality rate was recorded continuously for 24,48 and 72 h post exposure period and percentage mortality was ***:Maximum percentage mortality of third instar was 83.3%in ethanol extract of mature fruit at 100 mg/L after 24 h exposure *** 48 h exposure period,93.3%percentage mortality was recorded in ethanol extract of immature fruit at 100 mg/*** 72 h exposure period,100%mortality was recorded in water extract of leaf at 100 mg/*** fourth instar larvae,maximum percentage mortality of 63.3%was recorded in water extract of mature fruit and ethanol extract of immature and mature fruit at 100 mg/L after 24 h exposure *** 48 h exposure period 86.6%mortality was recorded in ethanol extract of mature fruit at 100 mg/*** 72 h exposure period,93.3%mortality was recorded in ethanol extract of mature fruit at 100 mg/*** general immature ***,percentage mortality was increased with increase in exposure time and concentration of the plant extracts ***:From this laboratory study,Schinus molle plant parts were proved to have larvicidal and pupicidal activity against immature ***.

关键词： Schinus molle Culex quinquefasciatus Larvicidal Pupicidal Water Ethanol Extracts

Genome Mapping to Enhance Efficient Marker-Assisted Selection and Breeding of the Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensisJacq.)

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2021年第12期12卷 407-425页

作者： Essubalew getachew Seyum Ngalle Hermine Bille Wosene Gebreselassie Abtew Godswill Ntsomboh-Ntsefong Joseph Martin Bell Department of Plant Biology and Physiology Faculty of Sciences University of Yaounde I Yaounde Cameroon CETIC (African Center of Excellence in Information and Communication Technologies) University of Yaounde I Yaounde Cameroon Department of Horticulture and Plant Sciences Jimma University College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine Jimma Ethiopia Institute of Agricultural Research for Development Yaounde Cameroon

The oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is one of the major cultivated crops among the economically important palm species. It is cultivated mainly for its edible oil. For a perennial crop like oil palm, the use of Marker Assisted Selection (MAS) techniques helps to reduce the breeding cycle and improve the economic products. Genetic and physical maps are important for sequencing experiments since they show the exact positions of genes and other distinctive features in the chromosomal DNA. This review focuses on the role of genome mapping in oil palm breeding. It assesses the role of genome mapping in oil palm breeding and discusses the major factors affecting such mapping. Generating a high-density map governed by several factors, for instance, marker type, marker density, number of mapped population, and software used are the major issues treated. The general conclusion is that genome mapping is pivotal in the construction of a genetic linkage map. It helps to detect QTL and identify genes that control quantitative traits in oil palm. In perspective, the use of high-density molecular markers with a large number of markers, a large number mapping population, and up-to-date software is necessary for oil palm genome mapping.

关键词： Genome Mapping Crop Improvement Marker Assisted Selection Oil Palm Biotechnology

Risk Factors for Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis and Characteristics of Cases: A Case-Control Study of Patients Attending ALERT General Hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

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Open Journal of Respiratory Diseases 2019年第1期9卷 1-17页

作者： Ezra Shimeles Fikre Enquselassie Melaku Tilahun Alemayehu Mekonnen getachew Wondimagegn Tsegaye Hailu Abraham Aseffa Armauer Hanson Research Institute Addis Ababa Ethiopia School of Public Health College of Health Sciences Addis Ababa University Black Lion Hospital Addis Ababa Ethiopia Ethiopian Public Health Association Addis Ababa Ethiopia KNCV Tuberculosis Foundation Addis Ababa Ethiopia

Background:Tuberculosis remains a major public-health problem in the world, despite several efforts to improve case identification and treatment. Particularly multidrug-resistant tuberculosis is becoming a major threat to tuberculosis control programs in Ethiopia which seriously threatens the control and prevention efforts and is associated with both high death rates and treatment costs. Methods: A case-control study was conducted to assess risk factors and characteristics of MDR-TB cases at ALERT Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, where cases were 167 MDR-TB patients, while controls were newly diagnosed and bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary TB cases of similar number, who were matched by sex and age of 5-years interval. Results: The socio-demographic characteristics of the participants indicated that majority (53.3%) were males and 46.7% females;a little over half of cases (55.1%) were in the age group 26 - 45 years, whereas 46.7% of controls were in this age group. According to the multivariable logistic regression analysis, previous history of hospital admission was the only factor that was identified as predictor which increased risk to develop MDR-TB by almost twenty times (AOR = 19.5;95% CI: 9.17 - 41.62) and P-value of <0.05. All other studied factor such as being unemployed, family size, having member of household member with TB, and history of visiting hospital in past 12 months etc., didn’t show any statistically significant association. Conclusion: The study identified previous history of hospital admission as independent predictors for the occurrence of MDR-TB, while other studied variables didn’t show any strong association. The findings added to the pool of knowledge emphasizing the need for instituting strong infection control practice at health care facilities to prevent nosocomial transmission of MDR-TB.

关键词： Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Risk Factors Characteristics